（1984年3月12日第六屆全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)常務(wù)委員會(huì)第四次會(huì)議通過(guò)根據(jù)1992年9月4日第七屆全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)常務(wù)委員會(huì)第二十七次會(huì)議《關(guān)于修改〈中華人民共和國(guó)專利法〉的決定》修正）
第一章 總 則
第一條 為了保護(hù)發(fā)明創(chuàng)造專利權(quán)，鼓勵(lì)發(fā)明創(chuàng)造，有利于發(fā)明創(chuàng)造的推廣應(yīng)用，促進(jìn)科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，適應(yīng)社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的需要，特制定本法。
第二條 本法所稱的發(fā)明創(chuàng)造是指發(fā)明、實(shí)用新型和外觀設(shè)計(jì)。
第三條 中華人民共和國(guó)專利局受理和審查專利申請(qǐng)，對(duì)符合本法規(guī)定的發(fā)明創(chuàng)造授予專利權(quán)。
第四條 申請(qǐng)專利的發(fā)明創(chuàng)造涉及國(guó)家安全或者重大利益需要保密的，按照國(guó)家有關(guān)規(guī)定辦理。
第五條 對(duì)違反國(guó)家法律、社會(huì)公德或者妨害公共利益的發(fā)明創(chuàng)造，不授予專利權(quán)。
第六條 執(zhí)行本單位的任務(wù)或者主要是利用本單位的物質(zhì)條件所完成的職務(wù)發(fā)明創(chuàng)造，申請(qǐng)專利的權(quán)利屬于該單位；非職務(wù)發(fā)明創(chuàng)造，申請(qǐng)專利的權(quán)利屬于發(fā)明人或者設(shè)計(jì)人。申請(qǐng)被批準(zhǔn)后，全民所有制單位申請(qǐng)的，專利權(quán)歸該單位持有；集體所有制單位或者個(gè)人申請(qǐng)的，專利權(quán)歸該單位或者個(gè)人所有。
在中國(guó)境內(nèi)的外資企業(yè)和中外合資經(jīng)營(yíng)企業(yè)的工作人員完成的職務(wù)發(fā)明創(chuàng)造，申請(qǐng)專利的權(quán)利屬于該企業(yè)；非職務(wù)發(fā)明創(chuàng)造，申請(qǐng)專利的權(quán)利屬于發(fā)明人或者設(shè)計(jì)人。申請(qǐng)被批準(zhǔn)后，專利權(quán)歸申請(qǐng)的企業(yè)或者個(gè)人所有。
專利權(quán)的所有人和持有人統(tǒng)稱專利權(quán)人。
第七條 對(duì)發(fā)明人或者設(shè)計(jì)人的非職務(wù)發(fā)明創(chuàng)造專利申請(qǐng)，任何單位或者個(gè)人不得壓制。
第八條 兩個(gè)以上單位協(xié)作或者一個(gè)單位接受其他單位委托的研究、設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)所完成的發(fā)明創(chuàng)造，除另有協(xié)議的以外，申請(qǐng)專利的權(quán)利屬于完成或者共同完成的單位；申請(qǐng)被批準(zhǔn)后，專利權(quán)歸申請(qǐng)的單位所有或者持有。
第九條 兩個(gè)以上的申請(qǐng)人分別就同樣的發(fā)明創(chuàng)造申請(qǐng)專利的，專利權(quán)授予最先申請(qǐng)的人。
第十條 專利申請(qǐng)權(quán)和專利權(quán)可以轉(zhuǎn)讓。
全民所有制單位轉(zhuǎn)讓專利申請(qǐng)權(quán)或者專利權(quán)的，必須經(jīng)上級(jí)主管機(jī)關(guān)批準(zhǔn)。
中國(guó)單位或者個(gè)人向外國(guó)人轉(zhuǎn)讓專利申請(qǐng)權(quán)或者專利權(quán)的，必須經(jīng)國(guó)務(wù)院有關(guān)主管部門批準(zhǔn)。
轉(zhuǎn)讓專利申請(qǐng)權(quán)或者專利權(quán)的，當(dāng)事人必須訂立書(shū)面合同，經(jīng)專利局登記和公告后生效。
第十一條 發(fā)明和實(shí)用新型專利權(quán)被授予后，除法律另有規(guī)定的以外，任何單位或者個(gè)人未經(jīng)專利權(quán)人許可，不得為生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)目的制造、使用、銷售其專利產(chǎn)品，或者使用其專利方法以及使用、銷售依照該專利方法直接獲得的產(chǎn)品。
外觀設(shè)計(jì)專利權(quán)被授予后，任何單位或者個(gè)人未經(jīng)專利權(quán)人許可，不得為生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)目的制造、銷售其外觀設(shè)計(jì)專利產(chǎn)品。
專利權(quán)被授予后，除法律另有規(guī)定的以外，專利權(quán)人有權(quán)阻止他人未經(jīng)專利權(quán)人許可，為上兩款所述用途進(jìn)口其專利產(chǎn)品或者進(jìn)口依照其專利方法直接獲得的產(chǎn)品。
第十二條 任何單位或者個(gè)人實(shí)施他人專利的，除本法第十四條規(guī)定的以外，都必須與專利權(quán)人訂立書(shū)面實(shí)施許可合同，向?qū)＠麢?quán)人支付專利使用費(fèi)。被許可人無(wú)權(quán)允許合同規(guī)定以外的任何單位或者個(gè)人實(shí)施該專利。
第十三條 發(fā)明專利申請(qǐng)公布后，申請(qǐng)人可以要求實(shí)施其發(fā)明的單位或者個(gè)人支付適當(dāng)?shù)馁M(fèi)用。
第十四條 國(guó)務(wù)院有關(guān)主管部門和省、自治區(qū)、直轄市人民政府根據(jù)國(guó)家計(jì)劃，有權(quán)決定本系統(tǒng)內(nèi)或者所管轄的全民所有制單位持有的重要發(fā)明創(chuàng)造專利允許指定的單位實(shí)施，由實(shí)施單位按照國(guó)家規(guī)定向持有專利權(quán)的單位支付使用費(fèi)。
中國(guó)集體所有制單位和個(gè)人的專利，對(duì)國(guó)家利益或者公共利益具有重大意義，需要推廣應(yīng)用的，由國(guó)務(wù)院有關(guān)主管部門報(bào)國(guó)務(wù)院批準(zhǔn)后，參照上款規(guī)定辦理。
第十五條 專利權(quán)人有權(quán)在其專利產(chǎn)品或者該產(chǎn)品的包裝上標(biāo)明專利標(biāo)記和專利號(hào)。
第十六條 專利權(quán)的所有單位或者持有單位應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)職務(wù)發(fā)明創(chuàng)造的發(fā)明人或者設(shè)計(jì)人給予獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)；發(fā)明創(chuàng)造專利實(shí)施后，根據(jù)其推廣應(yīng)用的范圍和取得的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，對(duì)發(fā)明人或者設(shè)計(jì)人給予獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。
第十七條 發(fā)明人或者設(shè)計(jì)人有在專利文件中寫明自己是發(fā)明人或者設(shè)計(jì)人的權(quán)利。
第十八條 在中國(guó)沒(méi)有經(jīng)常居所或者營(yíng)業(yè)所的外國(guó)人、外國(guó)企業(yè)或者外國(guó)其他組織在中國(guó)申請(qǐng)專利的，依照其所屬國(guó)同中國(guó)簽訂的協(xié)議或者共同參加的國(guó)際條約，或者依照互惠原則，根據(jù)本法辦理。
第十九條 在中國(guó)沒(méi)有經(jīng)常居所或者營(yíng)業(yè)所的外國(guó)人、外國(guó)企業(yè)或者外國(guó)其他組織在中國(guó)申請(qǐng)專利和辦理其他專利事務(wù)的，應(yīng)當(dāng)委托中華人民共和國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院指定的專利代理機(jī)構(gòu)辦理。
中國(guó)單位或者個(gè)人在國(guó)內(nèi)申請(qǐng)專利和辦理其他專利事務(wù)的，可以委托專利代理機(jī)構(gòu)辦理。
第二十條 中國(guó)單位或者個(gè)人將其在國(guó)內(nèi)完成的發(fā)明創(chuàng)造向外國(guó)申請(qǐng)專利的，應(yīng)當(dāng)首先向?qū)＠稚暾?qǐng)專利，并經(jīng)國(guó)務(wù)院有關(guān)主管部門同意后，委托國(guó)務(wù)院指定的專利代理機(jī)構(gòu)辦理。
第二十一條 在專利申請(qǐng)公布或者公告前，專利局工作人員及有關(guān)人員對(duì)其內(nèi)容負(fù)有保密責(zé)任。
第二章 授予專利權(quán)的條件
第二十二條 授予專利權(quán)的發(fā)明和實(shí)用新型，應(yīng)當(dāng)具備新穎性、創(chuàng)造性和實(shí)用性。
新穎性，是指在申請(qǐng)日以前沒(méi)有同樣的發(fā)明或者實(shí)用新型在國(guó)內(nèi)外出版物上公開(kāi)發(fā)表過(guò)、在國(guó)內(nèi)公開(kāi)使用過(guò)或者以其他方式為公眾所知，也沒(méi)有同樣的發(fā)明或者實(shí)用新型由他
人向?qū)＠痔岢鲞^(guò)申請(qǐng)并且記載在申請(qǐng)日以后公布的專利申請(qǐng)文件中。
創(chuàng)造性，是指同申請(qǐng)日以前已有的技術(shù)相比，該發(fā)明有突出的實(shí)質(zhì)性特點(diǎn)和顯著的進(jìn)步，該實(shí)用新型有實(shí)質(zhì)性特點(diǎn)和進(jìn)步。
實(shí)用性，是指該發(fā)明或者實(shí)用新型能夠制造或者使用，并且能夠產(chǎn)生積極效果。
第二十三條 授予專利權(quán)的外觀設(shè)計(jì)，應(yīng)當(dāng)同申請(qǐng)日以前在國(guó)內(nèi)外出版物上公開(kāi)發(fā)表過(guò)或者國(guó)內(nèi)公開(kāi)使用過(guò)的外觀設(shè)計(jì)不相同或者不相近似。
第二十四條 申請(qǐng)專利的發(fā)明創(chuàng)造在申請(qǐng)日以前六個(gè)月內(nèi)，有下列情形之一的，不喪失新穎性：
一、在中國(guó)政府主辦或者承認(rèn)的國(guó)際展覽會(huì)上首次展出
二、在規(guī)定的學(xué)術(shù)會(huì)議或者技術(shù)會(huì)議上首次發(fā)表的；
三、他人未經(jīng)申請(qǐng)人同意而泄露其內(nèi)容的。
第二十五條 對(duì)下列各項(xiàng)，不授予專利權(quán)：
一、科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)；
二、智力活動(dòng)的規(guī)則和方法；
三、疾病的診斷和治療方法；
四、動(dòng)物和植物品種；
五、用原子核變換方法獲得的物質(zhì)。
對(duì)上款第四項(xiàng)所列產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)方法，可以依照本法規(guī)定授予專利權(quán)。
第三章 專利的申請(qǐng)
第二十六條 申請(qǐng)發(fā)明或者實(shí)用新型專利的，應(yīng)當(dāng)提交請(qǐng)求書(shū)、說(shuō)明書(shū)及其摘要和權(quán)利要求書(shū)等文件。
請(qǐng)求書(shū)應(yīng)當(dāng)寫明發(fā)明或者實(shí)用新型的名稱，發(fā)明人或者設(shè)計(jì)人的姓名，申請(qǐng)人姓名或者名稱、地址，以及其他事項(xiàng)。
說(shuō)明書(shū)應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)發(fā)明或者實(shí)用新型作出清楚、完整的說(shuō)明，以所屬技術(shù)領(lǐng)域的技術(shù)人員能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)為準(zhǔn)；必要的時(shí)候，應(yīng)當(dāng)有附圖。摘要應(yīng)當(dāng)簡(jiǎn)要說(shuō)明發(fā)明或者實(shí)用新型的技術(shù)要點(diǎn)。
權(quán)利要求書(shū)應(yīng)當(dāng)以說(shuō)明書(shū)為依據(jù)，說(shuō)明要求專利保護(hù)的范圍。
第二十七條 申請(qǐng)外觀設(shè)計(jì)專利的，應(yīng)當(dāng)提交請(qǐng)求書(shū)以及該外觀設(shè)計(jì)的圖片或者照片等文件，并且應(yīng)當(dāng)寫明使用該外觀設(shè)計(jì)的產(chǎn)品及其所屬的類別。
第二十八條 專利局收到專利申請(qǐng)文件之日為申請(qǐng)日。如果申請(qǐng)文件是郵寄的，以寄出的郵戳日為申請(qǐng)日。
第二十九條 申請(qǐng)人自發(fā)明或者實(shí)用新型在外國(guó)第一次提出專利申請(qǐng)之日起12個(gè)月內(nèi)，或者自外觀設(shè)計(jì)在外國(guó)第一次提出專利申請(qǐng)之日起6個(gè)月內(nèi)，又在中國(guó)就相同主題提出專利申請(qǐng)的，依照該外國(guó)同中國(guó)簽訂的協(xié)議或者共同參加的國(guó)際條約，或者依照相互承認(rèn)優(yōu)先權(quán)的原則，可以享有優(yōu)先權(quán)。
申請(qǐng)人自發(fā)明或者實(shí)用新型在中國(guó)第一次提出專利申請(qǐng)之日起12個(gè)月內(nèi)，又向?qū)＠志拖嗤黝}提出專利申請(qǐng)的，可以享有優(yōu)先權(quán)。
第三十條 申請(qǐng)人要求優(yōu)先權(quán)的，應(yīng)當(dāng)在申請(qǐng)的時(shí)候提出書(shū)面聲明，并且在3個(gè)月內(nèi)提交第一次提出的專利申請(qǐng)文件的副本；未提出書(shū)面聲明或者逾期未提交專利申請(qǐng)文件副本的，視為未要求優(yōu)先權(quán)。
第三十一條 一件發(fā)明或者實(shí)用新型專利申請(qǐng)應(yīng)當(dāng)限于一項(xiàng)發(fā)明或者實(shí)用新型。屬于一個(gè)總的發(fā)明構(gòu)思的兩項(xiàng)以上的發(fā)明或者實(shí)用新型，可以作為一件申請(qǐng)?zhí)岢觥?/P>
一件外觀設(shè)計(jì)專利申請(qǐng)應(yīng)當(dāng)限于一種產(chǎn)品所使用的一項(xiàng)外觀設(shè)計(jì)。用于同一類別并且成套出售或者使用的產(chǎn)品的兩項(xiàng)以上的外觀設(shè)計(jì)，可以作為一件申請(qǐng)?zhí)岢觥?/P>
第三十二條 申請(qǐng)人可以在被授予專利權(quán)之前隨時(shí)撤回其專利申請(qǐng)。
第三十三條 申請(qǐng)人可以對(duì)其專利申請(qǐng)文件進(jìn)行修改，但是，對(duì)發(fā)明和實(shí)用新型專利申請(qǐng)文件的修改不得超出原說(shuō)明書(shū)和權(quán)利要求記載的范圍，對(duì)外觀設(shè)計(jì)專利申請(qǐng)文件的修改不得超出原圖片或者照片表示的范圍。
第四章 專利申請(qǐng)的審查和批準(zhǔn)
第三十四條 專利局收到發(fā)明申請(qǐng)后，經(jīng)初步審查認(rèn)為符合本法要求的，自申請(qǐng)日起滿18個(gè)月，即行公布。專利局可以根據(jù)申請(qǐng)人的請(qǐng)求早日公布其申請(qǐng)。
第三十五條 發(fā)明專利申請(qǐng)自申請(qǐng)日起3年內(nèi)，專利局可以根據(jù)申請(qǐng)人隨時(shí)提出的請(qǐng)求，對(duì)其申請(qǐng)進(jìn)行實(shí)質(zhì)審查；申請(qǐng)人無(wú)正當(dāng)理由逾期不請(qǐng)求實(shí)質(zhì)審查的，該申請(qǐng)即被視為撤回。
專利局認(rèn)為必要的時(shí)候，可以自行對(duì)發(fā)明專利申請(qǐng)進(jìn)行實(shí)質(zhì)審查。
第三十六條 發(fā)明專利的申請(qǐng)人請(qǐng)求實(shí)質(zhì)審查的時(shí)候，應(yīng)當(dāng)提交在申請(qǐng)日前與其發(fā)明有關(guān)的參考資料。
發(fā)明專利已經(jīng)在外國(guó)提出過(guò)申請(qǐng)的，申請(qǐng)人請(qǐng)求實(shí)質(zhì)審查的時(shí)候，應(yīng)當(dāng)提交該國(guó)為審查其申請(qǐng)進(jìn)行檢索的資料或者審查結(jié)果的資料；無(wú)正當(dāng)理由不提交的，該申請(qǐng)即被視為撤回。
第三十七條 專利局對(duì)發(fā)明專利申請(qǐng)進(jìn)行實(shí)質(zhì)審查后，認(rèn)為不符合本法規(guī)定的，應(yīng)當(dāng)通知申請(qǐng)人，要求其在指定的期限內(nèi)陳述意見(jiàn)，或者對(duì)其申請(qǐng)進(jìn)行修改；無(wú)正當(dāng)理由逾期不答復(fù)的，該申請(qǐng)即被視為撤回。
第三十八條 發(fā)明專利申請(qǐng)經(jīng)申請(qǐng)人陳述意見(jiàn)或者進(jìn)行修改后，專利局仍然認(rèn)為不符合本法規(guī)定的，應(yīng)當(dāng)予以駁回。
第三十九條 發(fā)明專利申請(qǐng)經(jīng)實(shí)質(zhì)審查沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)駁回理由的，專利局應(yīng)當(dāng)作出授予發(fā)明專利權(quán)的決定，發(fā)給發(fā)明專利證書(shū)，并予以登記和公告。
第四十條 實(shí)用新型和外觀設(shè)計(jì)專利申請(qǐng)經(jīng)初步審查沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)駁回理由的，專利局應(yīng)當(dāng)作出授予實(shí)用新型專利權(quán)或者外觀設(shè)計(jì)專利權(quán)的決定，發(fā)給相應(yīng)的專利證書(shū)，并予以登記和公告。
第四十一條 自專利局公告授予專利權(quán)之日起后6個(gè)月內(nèi)，任何單位或者個(gè)人認(rèn)為該專利權(quán)的授予不符合本法有關(guān)規(guī)定的，都可以請(qǐng)求專利局撤銷該專利權(quán)。
第四十二條 專利局對(duì)撤銷專利權(quán)的請(qǐng)求進(jìn)行審查，作出撤銷或者維持專利權(quán)的決定，并通知請(qǐng)求人和專利權(quán)人。撤銷專利權(quán)的決定，由專利局登記和公告。
第四十三條 專利局設(shè)立專利復(fù)審委員會(huì)。對(duì)專利局駁回申請(qǐng)的決定不服的，或者對(duì)專利局撤銷或者維持專利權(quán)的決定不服的，可以自收到通知之日起3個(gè)月內(nèi)，向?qū)＠麖?fù)審委員會(huì)請(qǐng)求復(fù)審。專利復(fù)審委員會(huì)復(fù)審后，作出決定，并通知專利申請(qǐng)人、專利權(quán)人或者撤銷專利權(quán)的請(qǐng)求人。
發(fā)明專利的申請(qǐng)人、發(fā)明專利權(quán)人或者撤銷發(fā)明專利權(quán)的請(qǐng)求人對(duì)專利復(fù)審委員會(huì)的復(fù)審決定不服的，可以自收到通知之日起3個(gè)月內(nèi)向人民法院起訴。
專利復(fù)審委員會(huì)對(duì)申請(qǐng)人、專利權(quán)人或者撤銷專利權(quán)的請(qǐng)求人關(guān)于實(shí)用新型和外觀設(shè)計(jì)的復(fù)審請(qǐng)求所作出的決定為終局決定。
第四十四條 被撤銷的專利權(quán)視為自始即不存在。
第五章 專利權(quán)的期限、終止和無(wú)效
第四十五條 發(fā)明專利權(quán)的期限為20年，實(shí)用新型專利權(quán)和外觀設(shè)計(jì)專利權(quán)的期限為十年，均自申請(qǐng)日起計(jì)算。
第四十六條 專利權(quán)人應(yīng)當(dāng)自被授予專利權(quán)的當(dāng)年開(kāi)始繳納年費(fèi)。
第四十七條 有下列情形之一的，專利權(quán)在期限屆滿前終止：
一、沒(méi)有按照規(guī)定繳納年費(fèi)的；
二、專利權(quán)人以書(shū)面聲明放棄其專利權(quán)的。
專利權(quán)的終止，由專利局登記和公告。
第四十八條 自專利局公告授予專利權(quán)之日起滿6個(gè)月后，任何單位或者個(gè)人認(rèn)為該專利權(quán)的授予不符合本法有關(guān)規(guī)定的，都可以請(qǐng)求專利復(fù)審委員會(huì)宣告該專利權(quán)無(wú)效。
第四十九條 專利復(fù)審委員會(huì)對(duì)宣告專利權(quán)無(wú)效的請(qǐng)求進(jìn)行審查，作出決定，并通知請(qǐng)求人和專利權(quán)人。宣告專利權(quán)無(wú)效的決定，由專利局登記和公告。
對(duì)專利復(fù)審委員會(huì)宣告發(fā)明專利權(quán)無(wú)效或者維持發(fā)明專利權(quán)的決定不服的，可以在收到通知之日起3個(gè)月內(nèi)向人民法院起訴。
專利復(fù)審委員會(huì)對(duì)宣告實(shí)用新型和外觀設(shè)計(jì)專利權(quán)無(wú)效的請(qǐng)求所作出的決定為終局決定。
第五十條 宣告無(wú)效的專利權(quán)視為自始即不存在。
宣告專利權(quán)無(wú)效的決定，對(duì)在宣告專利權(quán)無(wú)效前人民法院作出并已執(zhí)行的專利侵權(quán)的判決、裁定，專利管理機(jī)關(guān)作出并已執(zhí)行的專利侵權(quán)處理決定，以及已經(jīng)履行的專利實(shí)施
許可合同和專利權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓合同，不具有追溯力。但是因?yàn)閷＠麢?quán)人的惡意給他人造成的損失，應(yīng)當(dāng)給予賠償。
如果依照上款規(guī)定，專利權(quán)人或者專利權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓人不向被許可實(shí)施專利人或者專利權(quán)受讓人返還專利使用費(fèi)或者專利權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓費(fèi)，明顯違反公平原則，專利權(quán)人或者專利權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓人應(yīng)當(dāng)向被許可實(shí)施專利人或者專利權(quán)受讓人返還全部或者部分專利使用或者專利權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓費(fèi)。
本條第二款、第三款的規(guī)定適用于被撤銷的專利權(quán)。
第六章 專利實(shí)施的強(qiáng)制許可
第五十一條 具備實(shí)施條件的單位以合理的條件請(qǐng)求發(fā)明或者實(shí)用新型專利權(quán)人許可實(shí)施其專利，而未能在合理長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間內(nèi)獲得這種許可時(shí)，專利局根據(jù)該單位的申請(qǐng)，可以給予實(shí)施該發(fā)明專利或者實(shí)用新型專利的強(qiáng)制許可。
第五十二條 在國(guó)家出現(xiàn)緊急狀態(tài)或者非常情況時(shí)，或者為了公共利益的目的，專利局可以給予實(shí)施該發(fā)明專利或者實(shí)用新型專利的強(qiáng)制許可。
第五十三條 一項(xiàng)取得專利權(quán)的發(fā)明或者實(shí)用新型比前已經(jīng)取得專利權(quán)的發(fā)明或者實(shí)用新型在技術(shù)上先進(jìn)，其實(shí)施又有賴于前一發(fā)明或者實(shí)用新型的實(shí)施的，專利局根據(jù)后一專利權(quán)人的申請(qǐng)，可以給予實(shí)施前一發(fā)明或者實(shí)用新型的強(qiáng)制許可。
在依照上款規(guī)定給予實(shí)施強(qiáng)制許可的情形下，專利局根據(jù)前一專利權(quán)人的申請(qǐng)，也可以給予實(shí)施后一發(fā)明或者實(shí)用新型的強(qiáng)制許可。
第五十四條 依照本法規(guī)定申請(qǐng)實(shí)施強(qiáng)制許可的單位或者個(gè)人，應(yīng)當(dāng)提出未能以合理?xiàng)l件與專利權(quán)人簽訂實(shí)施許可合同的證明。
第五十五條 專利局作出的給予實(shí)施強(qiáng)制許可的決定，應(yīng)當(dāng)予以登記和公告。
第五十六條 取得實(shí)施強(qiáng)制許可的單位或者個(gè)人不享有占的實(shí)施權(quán)，并且無(wú)權(quán)允許他人實(shí)施。
第五十七條 取得實(shí)施強(qiáng)制許可的單位或者個(gè)人應(yīng)當(dāng)付給專利權(quán)人合理的使用費(fèi)，其數(shù)額由雙方商定；雙方不能達(dá)協(xié)議的，由專利局裁決。
第五十八條 專利權(quán)人對(duì)專利局關(guān)于實(shí)施強(qiáng)制許可的決定或者關(guān)于實(shí)施強(qiáng)制許可的使用費(fèi)的裁決不服的，可以在收到通知之日起3個(gè)月內(nèi)向人民法院起訴。
第七章 專利權(quán)的保護(hù)
第五十九條 發(fā)明或者實(shí)用新型專利權(quán)的保護(hù)范圍以其權(quán)利要求的內(nèi)容為準(zhǔn)，說(shuō)明書(shū)及附圖可以用于解釋權(quán)利要求。
外觀設(shè)計(jì)專利權(quán)的保護(hù)范圍以表示在圖片或者照片中的該外觀設(shè)計(jì)專利產(chǎn)品為準(zhǔn)。
第六十條 對(duì)未經(jīng)專利權(quán)人許可，實(shí)施其專利的侵權(quán)行為，專利權(quán)人或者利害關(guān)系人可以請(qǐng)求專利管理機(jī)關(guān)進(jìn)行處理，也可以直接向人民法院起訴。專利管理機(jī)關(guān)處理的時(shí)候，有權(quán)責(zé)令侵權(quán)人停止侵權(quán)行為，并賠償損失；當(dāng)事人不服的，可以在收到通知之日起3個(gè)月內(nèi)向人民法院起訴；期滿不起訴又不履行的，專利管理機(jī)關(guān)可以請(qǐng)求人民法院強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行。
在發(fā)生侵權(quán)糾紛的時(shí)候，如果發(fā)明專利是一項(xiàng)新產(chǎn)品的制造方法，制造同樣產(chǎn)品的單位或者個(gè)人應(yīng)當(dāng)提供其產(chǎn)品制造方法的證明。
第六十一條 侵犯專利權(quán)的訴訟時(shí)效為2年，自專利權(quán)人或者利害關(guān)系人得知或者應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)弥謾?quán)行為之日起計(jì)算。
第六十二條 有下列情形之一的，不視為侵犯專利權(quán)：
一、專利權(quán)人制造或者經(jīng)專利權(quán)人許可制造的專利產(chǎn)品售出后，使用或者銷售該產(chǎn)品的；
二、使用或者銷售不知道是未經(jīng)專利權(quán)人許可而制造并售出的專利產(chǎn)品的；
三、在專利申請(qǐng)日前已經(jīng)制造相同產(chǎn)品、使用相同方法或者已經(jīng)作好制造、使用的必要準(zhǔn)備，并且僅在原有范圍內(nèi)繼續(xù)制造、使用的；
四、臨時(shí)通過(guò)中國(guó)領(lǐng)土、領(lǐng)水、領(lǐng)空的外國(guó)運(yùn)輸工具，依照其所屬國(guó)同中國(guó)簽訂的協(xié)議或者共同參加的國(guó)際條約，或者依照互惠原則，為運(yùn)輸工具自身需要而在其裝置和設(shè)備中使用有關(guān)專利的；
五、專為科學(xué)研究和實(shí)驗(yàn)而使用有關(guān)專利的。
第六十三條 假冒他人專利的，依照本法第六十條的規(guī)定處理；情節(jié)嚴(yán)重的，對(duì)直接責(zé)任人員比照刑法第一百二十七條的規(guī)定追究刑事責(zé)任。
將非專利產(chǎn)品冒充專利產(chǎn)品的或者將非專利方法冒充專利方法的，由專利管理機(jī)關(guān)責(zé)令停止冒充行為，公開(kāi)更正，并處以罰款。
第六十四條 違反本法第二十條規(guī)定，擅自向外國(guó)申請(qǐng)專利，泄露國(guó)家重要機(jī)密的，由所在單位或者上級(jí)主管機(jī)關(guān)給予行政處分；情節(jié)嚴(yán)重的，依法追究刑事責(zé)任。
第六十五條 侵奪發(fā)明人或者設(shè)計(jì)人的非職務(wù)發(fā)明創(chuàng)造專利申請(qǐng)權(quán)和本法規(guī)定的其他權(quán)益的，由所在單位或者上級(jí)主管機(jī)關(guān)給予行政處分。
第六十六條 專利局工作人員及有關(guān)國(guó)家工作人員徇私舞弊的，由專利局或者有關(guān)主管機(jī)關(guān)給予行政處分；情節(jié)嚴(yán)重的，比照刑法第一百八十八條的規(guī)定追究刑事責(zé)任。
第八章 附 則
第六十七條 向?qū)＠稚暾?qǐng)專利和辦理其他手續(xù)，應(yīng)當(dāng)按照規(guī)定繳納費(fèi)用。
第六十八條 本法實(shí)施細(xì)則由專利局制訂，報(bào)國(guó)務(wù)院批準(zhǔn)后施行。
第六十九條 本法自1985年4月1日起施行。
Patent Law of the People's Republic of China
(Adopted at the 4th Session of the Standing Committee of the Sixth National People's Congress on March 12, 1984; Amended for the first time by the Decision Regarding the Revision of the Patent Law of the People's Republic of China, adopted at the 27th Session of the Standing Committee of the Seventh National People's Congress on September 4,1992; Amended for the second time by the Decision Regarding the Revision of the Patent Law of the People's Republic of China, adopted at the 17th Session of the Standing Committee of the Ninth National People's Congress on August 25,2000)
CHAPTER I: GENERAL PROVISIONS
Article 1. This Law is enacted to protect patent rights for inventions-creations, to encourage inventions-creations, to foster the spreading and application of Inventions-creations, and to promote the development of science and technology, for meeting the needs of the construction of socialist modernization.
Article 2. In this Law, "inventions-creations" mean inventions, utility models and designs.
Article 3. The Patent Administrative Organ under the State Council is responsible for the patent work nationwide, receives and examines patent applications and grants patent rights for inventions-creations that conform with the provisions of this Law.
The authorities for patent work under he people's governments of provinces autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government are responsible for the patent administration work of their own administrative areas.
Article 4. Where an invention-creation for which a patent is applied relates to the security or other vital interests of the State and is required to be kept secret, the application shall be treated in accordance with the relevant prescriptions of the State.
Article 5. No patent right shall be granted for any invention-creation that is contrary to the laws of the State or social morality or that is detrimental to public interest.
Article 6. An invention-creation, made by a person in execution of the tasks of the entity to which he belongs, or made by him by mainly using the material and technical means of the entity is a service invention. For a service invention-creation, the right to apply for a patent belongs to the entity. After the application is approved, the entity shall be the patentee.
For a non-service invention-creation, the right to apply for a patent belongs to the inventor or creator. After the application is approved, the inventor or creator shall be the patentee. For an invention-creation, made by a person by using the material and technical means of the entity to which he belongs, and where the entity and the inventor or creator has entered into an agreement under which there is provision on who has right to apply for a patent and to whom the patent right belongs, the provisions of the agreement shall prevail.
Article 7. No entity or individual shall prevent the inventor or creator from filing an application for a patent for a non-service invention-creation.
Article 8. For an invention-creation jointly made by two or more entities or individuals, or made by an entity or individual in execution of a commission for another entity or individual, the right to apply for a patent belongs, unless otherwise agreed upon, to the entity or individual which made, or to the entities or individual which jointly made, the invention-creation. After the application is approved, the entity or individual that applied for it shall be the patentee.
Article 9. Where two or more applicants file applications for patent for the identical invention- creation, the patent right shall be granted to the applicant whose application was filed first.
Article 10. The right to apply for a patent and the patent right may be assigned.
Any assignment, by a Chinese entity or individual, of the right to apply for a patent, or of the patent right, to a foreigner must be approved by the competent department concerned of the State Council.
Where the right to apply for a patent or the patent right is assigned, the parties must conclude a written contract and should register it with the patent administrative organ under the State Council. The patent administrative organ shall announce the registration .The assignment will come into force upon the date of registration.
Article 11. After the grant of the patent right for an invention or utility model, except as otherwise provided for in the law, no entity or individual may, without the authorization of the patentee, exploit the patent, that is, make, use, offer to sell, sell or import the patented product; or use the patented process or use, offer to sell, sell or import the product directly obtained by the patented process, for production or business purposes.
After the grant of the patent right for a design, no entity or individual may, without the authorization of the patentee, exploit the design, that is, make, sell or import the product incorporating its or his patented design, for production or business purposes.
Article 12. Any entity or individual exploiting the patent of another must, except as provided for in Article 14 of this Law, conclude with the patentee a written license contract for exploitation and pay the patentee a fee for the exploitation of the patent. The licensee has no right to authorize any entity or individual, other than that referred to in the contract for exploitation, to exploit the patent.
Article 13. After the publication of the application for a patent for invention, the applicant may require the entity or individual exploiting the invention to pay an appropriate fee.
Article 14.For any patent for invention belonging to state-owned enterprises or entities, which is of great significance to national or public interests, the competent departments concerned of the State Council as well as the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities directly under the Central Government have the power to decide, after approved by the State Council, the said patented invention be spread and exploited within the prescribed scope and to allow designated entities to exploit it . The entities that exploit it shall, according to the prescriptions of the State , pay exploitation fees to the patentee.
Any patent for invention belonging to a Chinese entity under collective ownership or an individual, which is of great significance to national or public interests and is in need of spreading and exploitation, may be treated alike by making reference to the provisions of the preceding paragraph.
Article 15. The patentee has the right to affix a patent marking and to indicate the number of the patent on the patented product or on the packing of that product.
Article 16. The entity that is granted the patent right shall award to the inventor or creator of a service invention-creation a reward and, upon the exploitation of the patented invention-creation, shall award to the inventor or creator an appropriate remuneration based on the extent of exploitation and application and the economic benefits yielded.
Article 17.The inventor or creator has the right to be named as such in the patent document.
Article 18. Where any foreigner, foreign enterprise or other foreign organization having no habitual residence or business office in China files an application for a patent in China, the application shall be treated under this Law in accordance with any agreement concluded between the country to which the applicant belongs and China, or in accordance with any international treaty to which both countries are party, or on the basis of the principle of reciprocity.
Article 19. Where any foreigner, foreign enterprise or other foreign organization having no habitual residence or business office in China applies for a patent, or has other patent matters to attend to, in China, he or it shall appoint a patent agency designated by the patent administrative organ under the State Council to act as his or its agent.
Where any Chinese entity or individual applies for a patent or has other patent matters to attend to in the country, it or he may appoint a patent agency to act as its or his agent.
The patent agencies should abide by the laws and administrative regulations and should deal with patent applications and other patent matters according to the commissions of the clients. Except for those applications that have been published or announced, the agencies should bear the responsibility for keeping confidential the content of its clients' inventions-creations. The administrative regulations for administering the patent agencies shall be formulated by the State Council.
Article 20. Where any Chinese entity or individual intends to file an application in a foreign country for a patent for its or his domestic invention-creation, it or he shall file first an application for patent with the patent administrative organ under the State Council and, shall appoint a patent agency designated by the said organ to act as its or his agent, and shall abide by the prescriptions of Article 4 in this law.
Any Chinese entity of individual may, according to the international treaties concerned to which China is a party, file an international application for patent for its or his invention-creation. The applicant for the international application should abide by the provisions of the preceding paragraph .
The patent administrative organ under the State Council shall handle the international application for patent in line with the international treaty to which China is a party, this law and the administrative regulations concerned made by the State Council.
Article 21. The patent administrative organ under the State Council and the patent reexamination board subordinated to it shall handle patent applications and requests concerned according to law and in the spirit of objectiveness, justice, precision and punctuality.
Until the publication or announcement of the application for a patent, staff members of the patent administrative organ and other personnel involved have the duty to keep its content confidential.
CHAPTER II: REQUIREMENTS FOR GRANT OF PATENT RIGHT
Article 22. Any invention or utility model for which patent right may be granted must possess novelty, inventiveness and practical applicability.
Novelty means that, before the date of filing, no identical invention or utility model has been publicly disclosed in publications in the country or abroad or has been publicly used or made known to the public by any other means in the country, nor has any other person filed previously with the patent administrative organ under the State Council an application which described the identical invention or utility model and was published after the said date of filing.
Inventiveness means that, as compared with the technology existing before the date of filing the invention has prominent substantive features and represents a notable progress and that the utility model has substantive features and represents progress.
Practical applicability means that the invention or utility model can be made or used and can produce effective results.
Article 23. Any design for which patent right may be granted must not be identical with or similar to any design which, before the date of filing, has been publicly disclosed in publications in the country or abroad or has been publicly used in the country, and must not collide with any legal prior rights obtained by any other person.
Article 24. An invention-creation for which a patent is applied for does not lose its novelty where, within six months before the date of filing, one of the following events occurred:
(1) where it was first exhibited at an international exhibition sponsored or recognized by the Chinese Government;
(2) where it was first made public at a prescribed academic or technological meeting;
(3) where it was disclosed by any person without the consent of the applicant.
Article 25. For any of the following, no patent right shall be granted:
(1) scientific discoveries;
(2) rules and methods for mental activities;
(3) methods for the diagnosis or for the treatment of diseases;
(4) animal and plant varieties;
(5) substances obtained by means of nuclear transformation.
For processes used in producing products referred to in items (4) of the preceding paragraph, patent right may be granted in accordance with the Provisions of this Law.
CHAPTER III APPLICATION FOR PATENT
Article 26. Where an application for a patent for invention or utility model is filed, a request, a description and its abstract, and claims shall be submitted.
The request shall state the title of the invention or utility model, the name of the inventor or creator, the name and the address of the applicant and other related matters.
The description shall set forth the invention or utility model in a manner sufficiently clear and complete so as to enable a person skilled in the relevant field of technology to carry it out; where necessary, drawings are required. The abstract shall state briefly the main technical points of the invention or utility model.
The claims shall be supported by the description and shall state the extent of the patent protection asked for.
Article 27. Where an application for a patent for design is filed, a request, drawings or photographs of the design shall be submitted, and the product incorporating the design and the class to which that product belongs shall be indicated.
Article 28. The date on which the patent administrative organ under the State Council receives the application shall be the date of filing. If the application is sent by mail, the date of mailing indicated by the postmark shall be the date of filing.
Article 29. Where, within twelve months from the date on which any applicant first filed in a foreign country an application for a patent for invention or utility model, or within six months from the date on which any applicant first filed in a foreign country an application for a patent for design, he or it files in China an application for a patent for the same subject matter, he or it may, in accordance with any agreement concluded between the said foreign country and China, or in accordance with any international treaty to which both countries are party, or on the basis of the principle of mutual recognition of the right of priority, enjoy a right of priority.
Where, within twelve months from the date on which any applicant first filed in China an application for a patent for invention or utility model, he or it files with the patent administrative organ under the State Council an application for a patent for the same subject matter, he or it may enjoy a right of priority.
Article 30. Any applicant who claims the right of priority shall make a written declaration when the application is filed, and submit, within three months, a copy of the patent application document which was first filed; if the applicant fails to make the written declaration or to meet the time limit for submitting the patent application document, the claim to the right of priority shall be deemed not to have been made.
Article 31. An application for a patent for invention or utility model shall be limited to one invention or utility model. Two or more inventions or utility models belonging to a single general inventive concept may be filed as one application.
An application for a patent for design shall be limited to one design incorporated in one product. Two or more designs which are incorporated in products belonging to the same class and are sold or used in sets may be filed as one application.
Article 32. An applicant may withdraw his or its application for a patent at any time before the patent right is granted.
Article 33. An applicant may amend his or its application for a patent, but the amendment to the application for a patent for invention or utility model may not go beyond the scope of the disclosure contained in the initial description and claims, and the amendment to the application for a patent for design may not go beyond the scope of the disclosure as shown in the initial drawings or photographs.
CHAPTER IV: EXAMINATION AND APPROVAL OF APPLICATION FOR PATENT
Article 34. Where, after receiving an application for a patent for invention, the patent administrative organ under the State Council, upon preliminary examination, finds the application to be in conformity with the requirements of this Law, it shall publish the application promptly after the expiration of eighteen months from the date of filing. Upon the request of the applicant, the patent administrative organ under the State Council publishes the application earlier.
Article 35. Upon the request of the applicant for a patent for invention, made at any time within three years from the date of filing, the patent administrative organ under the State Council will proceed to examine the application as to its substance. If, without any justified reason, the applicant fails to meet the time limit for requesting examination as to substance, the application shall be deemed to have been withdrawn.
The patent administrative organ under the State Council may, on its own initiative, proceed to examine any application for a patent for invention as to its substance when it deems it necessary.
Article 36. When the applicant for a patent for invention requests examination as to substance, he or it shall furnish pre-filing date reference materials concerning the invention.
For an application for a patent for invention that has been already filed in a foreign country, the patent administrative organ under the State Council may ask the applicant to furnish within a prescribed time limit documents concerning any search made for the purpose of examining that application or concerning the results of any examination made in that country. If, without any justified reason, the said documents are not furnished within the prescribed time limit, the application shall be deemed to have been withdrawn.
Article 37. Where the patent administrative organ under the State Council, after it has made the examination as to substance of the application for a patent for invention, finds that the application is not in conformity with the provisions of this Law, it shall notify the applicant and request him or it to submit, within a specified time limit, his or its observations or to amend the application. If, without any justified reason, the time limit for making response is not met, the application shall be deemed to have been withdrawn.
Article 38. Where, after the applicant has made the observations or amendments, the patent administrative organ under the State Council finds that the application for a patent for invention is still not in conformity with the provisions of this Law, the application shall be rejected.
Article 39 Where it is found after examination as to substance that there is no cause for rejection of the application for a patent for invention, the patent administrative organ under the State Council shall make a decision to grant the patent right for invention, issue the certificate of patent for invention, and register and announce it. The patent right for invention shall come into force upon the date of the announcement.
Article 40. Where it is found after preliminary examination that there is no cause for rejection of the application for a patent for utility model or design, the patent administrative organ under the State Council shall make a decision to grant the patent right for utility model or the patent right for design, issue the relevant patent certificate, and register and announce it. The patent right for utility model or design shall come into effect upon the date of the announcement.
Article 41. The patent administrative organ under the State Council shall set up a Patent Reexamination Board. Where an applicant is not satisfied with the decision of the patent administrative organ under the State Council rejecting his application for patent, such applicant may, within three months from the date of receipt of the notification, request the Patent Reexamination Board to make a reexamination. The Patent Reexamination Board shall, after reexamination, make a decision and notify the applicant for patent.
Where the applicant for patent who made the request for reexamination is not satisfied with the decision of the Patent Reexamination Board, he or it may, within three months from the date of receipt of the notification, institute legal proceedings in the people's court.
CHAPTER V
DURATION, CESSATION AND INVALIDATION OF PATENT RIGHT
Article 42. The duration of patent right for inventions shall be twenty years, the duration of patent right for utility models and patent right for designs shall be ten years, counted from the date of filing.
Article 43. The patentee shall pay an annual fee beginning with the year in which the patent right was granted.
Article 44. In any of the following cases, the patent right shall cease before the expiration of its duration:
(1) where an annual fee is not paid as prescribed;
(2) where the patentee abandons his or its patent right by a written declaration.
Any cessation of the patent right shall be registered and announced by the patent administrative organ under the State Council.
Article 45. Where, starting from the date of the announcement of the grant of the patent right by the patent administrative organ under the State Council, any entity or individual considers that the grant of the said patent right is not in conformity with the relevant provisions of this Law, it or he may request the Patent Reexamination Board to declare the patent right invalid.
Article 46. The Patent Reexamination Board shall examine the request for invalidation of the patent right, make a decision and notify the person who made the request and the patentee. The decision declaring the patent right invalid shall be registered and announced by the patent administrative organ under the State Council.
Where any party is not satisfied with the decision of the Patent Reexamination Board declaring the patent right invalid or upholding the patent right, such party may, within three months from receipt of the notification of the decision, institute legal proceedings in the people's court.
The people's court shall notify the opponent party of the party which has requested for the invalidation procedure to be represented the proceedings as the third party.
Article 47. Any patent right which has been declared invalid shall be deemed to be non-existent from the beginning.
The decision of invalidation shall have no retroactive effect on any judgement or order on patent infringement which has been pronounced and enforced by the people's court, on any decision concerning the handling of patent infringement which has been implemented or enforced, and on any contract of patent license and of assignment of patent right which have been performed, prior to the decision of invalidation; however, the damages caused to other persons in bad faith on the part of the patentee shall be compensated.
If, pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, no repayment, by the patentee or the assignor of the patent right to the licensee or the assignee of the patent right, of the fee for the exploitation of the patent or the price for the assignment of the patent right is obviously contrary to the principle of equity, the patentee or the assignor of the patent right shall repay the whole or part of the fee for the exploitation of the patent or the price for the assignment of the patent right to the licensee or the assignee of the patent right.
COMPULSORY LICENSE FOR EXPLOITATION OF THE PATENT
Article 48. Where any entity which is qualified to exploit the invention or utility model has made requests for authorization from the patentee of an invention or utility model to exploit its or his patent on reasonable terms and such efforts have not been successful within a reasonable period of time, the patent administrative organ under the State Council may, upon the application of that entity, grant a compulsory license to exploit the patent for invention or utility model.
Article 49. Where a national emergency or any extraordinary state of affairs occurs, or where the public interest so requires, the patent administrative organ under the State Council may grant a compulsory license to exploit the patent for invention or utility model.
Article 50. Where the invention or utility model for which the patent right was granted is of important technical advance of considerable economic significance compared with another invention or utility model for which a patent right has been granted earlier and the exploitation of the later invention or utility model depends on the exploitation of the earlier invention or utility model, the patent administrative organ under the State Council may, upon the request of the later patentee, grant a compulsory license to exploit the earlier invention or utility model.
Where, according to the preceding paragraph, a compulsory license is granted, the patent administrative organ under the State Council may, upon the request of the earlier patentee, also grant a compulsory license to exploit the later invention or utility model.
Article 51. The entity or individual requesting, in accordance with the provisions of this Law, a compulsory license for exploitation shall furnish proof that it or he has not been able to conclude with the patentee a license contract for exploitation on reasonable terms.
Article 52. The decision made by the patent administrative organ under the State Council granting a compulsory license for exploitation shall be notified to the patent concerned as soon as reasonably practicable and shall be registered and announced.
The decision of the patent administrative organ under the State Council granting a compulsory license for exploitation shall limit the scope and duration of the exploitation on the basis of the reasons justifying the grant. If and when the circumstances which led to such compulsory license cease to exist and are unlikely to recur, the patent administrative organ under the State Council may, upon the request of the patentee, terminate the compulsory license after examination.
Article 53. Any entity or individual that is granted a compulsory license for exploitation shall not have an exclusive right to exploit and shall not have the right to authorize exploitation by any others.
Article 54. The entity or individual that is granted a compulsory license for exploitation shall pay to the patentee a reasonable exploitation fee, the amount of which shall be fixed by both parties in consultations. Where the parties fail to reach an agreement, the patent administrative organ under the State Council shall adjudicate.
Article 55. Where the patentee is not satisfied with the decision of the patent administrative organ under the State Council granting a compulsory license for exploitation, or where the patentee or the entity or individual that is granted the compulsory license is not satisfied with the adjudication made by the patent administrative organ under the State Council regarding the exploitation fee payable for exploitation, he or it may, within three months from the receipt of the notification, institute legal proceedings in the people's court.
CHAPTER VII
PROTECTION OF PATENT RIGHT
Article 56. The extent of protection of the patent right for invention or utility model shall be determined by the terms of the claims'. The description and the appended drawings may be used to interpret the claims.
The extent of protection of the patent right for design shall be determined by the product incorporating the patented design as shown in the drawings or photographs.
Article 57. Where anyone exploits a patent without the authorization of the patentee, he or it constitutes an infringement to the patent right of the patentee. For the disputes resulted from the infringement, the parties concerned may settle it by themselves through consultation. Where the parties are not willing to settle the disputes through consultation or where the consultation fails to reach an agreement, the patentee or any interested party may institute legal proceedings in the people's court or to request the authorities for patent work to handle the matter. Where the authorities for patent work considers the infringement well found, it has the power to order the infringer to stop infringement acts immediately. In case the party concerned is not satisfied with the decision, he or it may, within 15 days from the receipt of the notification of the order, institutes legal proceedings in the people's court, according to the Administrative Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China. If such proceedings are not instituted within the time limit and if the order is not compiled with, the authority for patent work may approach the people's court for compulsory execution. The authorities for patent work may, upon the request of the parties concerned, mediate on the damages concerned. If mediation does not work, the parties concerned may lodge a lawsuit with the people's court according to the Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China.
When any infringement dispute relates to a process patent for the manufacture of a new product, any entity or individual manufacturing the identical product shall furnish proof to the effect that a different process is used in the manufacture of its or his product . Where the infringement relates to a patent for utility model, the people's court or the authority for patent work may request the applicant to furnish search reports made by the patent administrative organ under the State Council .
Article 58. Where any person passes off the patent of another person, except for bearing civil liabilities according to law, he shall be ordered to amend his acts by the authorities for patent work and the order shall be announced. The illegal income of the said person shall be confiscated. He may be coupled with a fine of no more than 3 times of his illegal income and, where there is no illegal income, he may be imposed a fine of no more than 50,000 RMB. Where the infringement constitutes a crime, he shall be prosecuted for his criminal liability.
Article 59. Where any person passes any non-patented product off as patented product or passes any non-patented process off as patented process, he shall be ordered by the authority for patent work to amend his acts and the order shall be announced. The said person may be imposed a fine of no more than 50,000 RMB.
Article 60. The amount of damages for infringing a patent right shall be calculated according to the losses suffered by the patentee or the profits gained by the infringer out of the infringement. If it is too difficult to determine the damages based on such losses of the patentee or the profits of the infringer, the appropriate times of the royalties for licenses for the said patent may be applied mutatis mutandis.
Article 61. Where a patentee or any interested party who can provide any reasonable evidence that his right is being infringed or that such infringement is imminent, and any delay to stop the acts is likely to cause irreparable harm to his or its legitimate rights, he or it may, before instituting legal proceedings, request the people's court to order the suspension of related acts and to provide property preservation.
The people's court, when dealing with requests referred to in the preceding paragraph, the provisions of Articles 93 to 96 and Article 99 of the Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China shall apply.
Article 62. Prescription for instituting legal proceedings concerning the infringement of patent right is two years counted from the date on which the patentee or any interested party obtains or should have obtained knowledge of the infringing act.
Where the license fee is not paid for the use of a patent for invention during the period when the said application is published and up to its being granted the patent right, the prescription for instituting legal proceedings by the patentee for requesting royalties is two years counted from the date on which the patentee obtains or should have obtained knowledge of the use of his patented invention by the user. However, where the patentee has already obtained or should have obtained the knowledge of the use of his invention before the date of granting the patent right, the prescription shall be counted from the date on which the patent right is granted.
Article 63. None of the following shall be deemed an infringement of the patent right:
(1)Where, after the sale of a patented product that was made or imported by the patentee or with the authorization of the patentee, or that was directly obtained by using the patented process, any other person uses, offers to sell or sells that product;
(2)Where, before the date of filing of the application for patent, any person who has already made the identical product, used the identical process, or made necessary preparations for its making or using, continues to make or use it within the original scope only;
(3)Where any foreign means of transport which temporarily passes through the territorial lands, territorial waters or territorial airspace of China uses the patent concerned, in accordance with any agreement concluded between the country to which the foreign means of transport belongs and China, or in accordance with any international treaty to which both countries are party, or on the basis of the principle of reciprocity, for its own needs, in its devices and installations;
(4)Where any person uses the patent concerned solely for the purposes of scientific research and experimentation.
Any person who, for production and business purposes, uses or sells a patented product without knowing that it was made and sold without the authorization of the patentee, shall not be responsible for the damages caused so long as he proves that he obtains the product from legitimate channels of distribution.
Article 64. Where any person, in violation of the provisions of Article 20 of this Law, unauthorizedly files in a foreign country an application for a patent that divulges an important secret of the State, he shall be subject to disciplinary sanction by the entity to which he belongs or by the competent authority concerned at the higher level. If the circumstances are serious, he shall be prosecuted for his criminal liability according to the law.
Article 65. Where any person usurps the right of an inventor or creator to apply for a patent for a non-service invention-creation, or usurps any other right or interest of an inventor or creator, prescribed by this Law, he shall be subject to disciplinary sanction by the entity to which he belongs or by the competent authority at the higher level.
Article 66. The authorities for patent work should not participate in any such commercial activities as to recommend patented products to the public.
Where any authorities for patent work violates the provisions of the preceding paragraph, it shall be ordered to amend its ways and to eliminate its bad influence by its competent authority at the higher level or by the supervisory authority, and its illegal income shall be confiscated .Where the circumstances are serious, any person directly responsible or any other person who are directly involved shall be subject to disciplinary sanction according to law.
Article 67. Where any staff member of the government organs for patent administration or of other related government organs constitutes a crime by ignoring his duty, abusing his official power, acting wrongfully out of personal considerations or committing fraudulent acts, he shall be subject to criminal sanction. If a crime is not constituted, he shall be subject to disciplinary sanction according to law.
CHAPTER VIII
SUPPLEMENTARY PROVISIONS
Article 68. Any application for a patent filed with, and any other proceedings before, the patent administrative organ under the State Council shall be subject to the payment of a fee as prescribed.
Article 69. This Law shall enter into force on April 1, 1985.
(This translation is only for reference. In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.)
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