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中英文對(duì)照:中華人民共和國(guó)物權(quán)法
作者:趙麗娜律師發(fā)布   出處:法律顧問網(wǎng)·涉外coinwram.com     時(shí)間:2011/3/31 13:53:00

Property Law of the People's Republic of China

中華人民共和國(guó)物權(quán)法

Promulgating Institution: National People's Congress
Document Number: Order No. 62 of the President of the People's Republic of China
Promulgating Date: 03/16/2007
Effective Date: 10/01/2007
Validity Status: Valid
頒布機(jī)關(guān): 全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)
文     號(hào): 中華人民共和國(guó)主席令第六十二號(hào)
頒布時(shí)間: 03/16/2007
實(shí)施時(shí)間: 10/01/2007
效力狀態(tài): 有效

Text

正文

Order of the President of the People's Republic of China
No. 62
The Property Law of the People's Republic of China, adopted at the Fifth Session of the Tenth National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China on March 16, 2007, is hereby promulgated and shall go into effect as of October 1, 2007.
Hu Jintao   President of the People's Republic of China
March 16,2007
中華人民共和國(guó)主席令
第六十二號(hào)
《中華人民共和國(guó)物權(quán)法》已由中華人民共和國(guó)第十屆全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)第五次會(huì)議于2007年3月16日通過,現(xiàn)予公布,自2007年10月1日起施行。

中華人民共和國(guó)主席 胡錦濤
2007年3月16日
 
Property Law of the People's Republic of China
(Adopted at the Fifth Session of the Tenth National People's Congress on March 16, 2007) 
中華人民共和國(guó)物權(quán)法
(2007年3月16日第十屆全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)第五次會(huì)議通過)
Contents
Part 1: General Provisions
Chapter 1: Basic Principles
Chapter 2: Creation, Alteration, Transfer and Extinction of the Property Right
Section 1: Registration of the Immovables
Section 2: Delivery of the Movables
Section 3: Other Provisions
Chapter 3: Protection of the Property Right
Part 2: Ownership
Chapter 4: General Stipulations
Chapter 5: Ownership of the State, the Collective and the Individual Person
Chapter 6: Condominium Right of Property Owners
Chapter 7: Neighboring Relations
Chapter 8: Co-ownership
Chapter 9: Special Provisions on Acquirement of Ownership
Part 3: Usufructs
Chapter 10: General Stipulations
Chapter 11: The Right to Land Contractual Management
Chapter 12: The Right to the Use of Land for Construction
Chapter 13: The Right to the Use of House Sites
Chapter 14: Easements
Part 4: Security Interest in Property
Chapter 15: General Stipulations
Chapter 16: Interests Obtained from Mortgage
Section 1: General Interest Obtained form Mortgage
Section 2: Maximum Mortgage Interest
Chapter 17: Interest Acquired Through Pledge
Section 1: Interest Acquired Through Pledge of Movables
Section 2: Interests Acquired Through Pledge of Rights
Chapter 18: Lien
Part 5: Possession
Chapter 19: Possession
Supplementary Provisions
    目錄
    第一編  總則
    第一章  基本原則
    第二章  物權(quán)的設(shè)立、變更、轉(zhuǎn)讓和消滅
    第一節(jié)  不動(dòng)產(chǎn)登記
    第二節(jié)  動(dòng)產(chǎn)交付
    第三節(jié)  其他規(guī)定
    第三章  物權(quán)的保護(hù)
    第二編  所有權(quán)
    第四章  一般規(guī)定
    第五章  國(guó)家所有權(quán)和集體所有權(quán)、私人所有權(quán)
    第六章  業(yè)主的建筑物區(qū)分所有權(quán)
    第七章  相鄰關(guān)系
    第八章  共有
    第九章  所有權(quán)取得的特別規(guī)定
    第三編  用益物權(quán)
    第十章  一般規(guī)定
    第十一章  土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)
    第十二章  建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)
    第十三章  宅基地使用權(quán)
    第十四章  地役權(quán)
    第四編  擔(dān)保物權(quán)
    第十五章  一般規(guī)定
    第十六章  抵押權(quán)
    第一節(jié)  一般抵押權(quán)
    第二節(jié)  最高額抵押權(quán)
    第十七章  質(zhì)權(quán)
    第一節(jié)  動(dòng)產(chǎn)質(zhì)權(quán)
    第二節(jié)  權(quán)利質(zhì)權(quán)
    第十八章  留置權(quán)
    第五編  占有
    第十九章  占有
    附則
Part 1: General Provisions
第一編  總則
Chapter 1: Basic Principles
第一章  基本原則
Article 1    This Law is enacted in accordance with the Constitution for the purpose of upholding the basic economic system of the State, maintaining the order of the socialist market economy, defining the attribution of things, giving play to the usefulness of things and protecting the property right of obligees.
     第一條  為了維護(hù)國(guó)家基本經(jīng)濟(jì)制度,維護(hù)社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序,明確物的歸屬,發(fā)揮物的效用,保護(hù)權(quán)利人的物權(quán),根據(jù)憲法,制定本法。
Article 2    This Law shall be applicable to civil relationships stemming from attribution and use of things.
For the purposes of this Law, things include the immovables and the movables. Where laws stipulate that rights are taken as objects of the property right, the provisions of such laws shall prevail.
The property right mentioned in this Law means the exclusive right enjoyed by the obligee to directly dominate a given thing according to law, which consists of the right of ownership, the usufruct and the security interest on property.
     第二條  因物的歸屬和利用而產(chǎn)生的民事關(guān)系,適用本法。
    本法所稱物,包括不動(dòng)產(chǎn)和動(dòng)產(chǎn)。法律規(guī)定權(quán)利作為物權(quán)客體的,依照其規(guī)定。
    本法所稱物權(quán),是指權(quán)利人依法對(duì)特定的物享有直接支配和排他的權(quán)利,包括所有權(quán)、用益物權(quán)和擔(dān)保物權(quán)。
Article 3    In the primary stage of socialism, the State upholds the basic economic system under which public ownership is dominant and the economic sectors of diverse forms of ownership develop side by side.
The State consolidates and develops the public sectors of the economy, and encourages, supports and guides to the development of the non-public sectors of the economy.
The State maintains a socialist market economy and guarantees the equal legal status and the right to development of all the mainstays of the market.
     第三條  國(guó)家在社會(huì)主義初級(jí)階段,堅(jiān)持公有制為主體、多種所有制經(jīng)濟(jì)共同發(fā)展的基本經(jīng)濟(jì)制度。
    國(guó)家鞏固和發(fā)展公有制經(jīng)濟(jì),鼓勵(lì)、支持和引導(dǎo)非公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。
    國(guó)家實(shí)行社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì),保障一切市場(chǎng)主體的平等法律地位和發(fā)展權(quán)利。
Article 4    The property right of the State, the collectives, the individual persons and other obligees are protected by law, and no units or individuals shall encroach on it.
     第四條  國(guó)家、集體、私人的物權(quán)和其他權(quán)利人的物權(quán)受法律保護(hù),任何單位和個(gè)人不得侵犯。
Article 5    The categories and contents of the property right shall be stipulated by law.
     第五條  物權(quán)的種類和內(nèi)容,由法律規(guī)定。
Article 6    The creation, alteration, transfer or extinction of the property right of the immovables shall be registered in accordance with the provisions of law. The property right of the movables shall be created or transferred upon delivery in accordance with the provisions of law.
     第六條  不動(dòng)產(chǎn)物權(quán)的設(shè)立、變更、轉(zhuǎn)讓和消滅,應(yīng)當(dāng)依照法律規(guī)定登記。動(dòng)產(chǎn)物權(quán)的設(shè)立和轉(zhuǎn)讓,應(yīng)當(dāng)依照法律規(guī)定交付。
Article 7    The law shall be observed and social ethics shall be respected in acquiring or exercising the property right and public interests and the lawful rights and interests of another person shall not be jeopardized.
     第七條  物權(quán)的取得和行使,應(yīng)當(dāng)遵守法律,尊重社會(huì)公德,不得損害公共利益和他人合法權(quán)益。
Article 8    Where other laws specially provide for the property right otherwise, the provisions there shall prevail.
     第八條  其他相關(guān)法律對(duì)物權(quán)另有特別規(guī)定的,依照其規(guī)定。
Chapter 2: Creation, Alteration, Transfer and Extinction of the Property Right
第二章  物權(quán)的設(shè)立、變更、轉(zhuǎn)讓和消滅
Section 1: Registration of the Immovables
第一節(jié)  不動(dòng)產(chǎn)登記
Article 9    The creation, alteration, transfer or extinction of the property right shall become valid upon registration according to law; otherwise it shall not become valid, unless otherwise provided for by law.
Registration of ownership of all the natural resources which are owned by the State in accordance with law may be dispensed with.
     第九條  不動(dòng)產(chǎn)物權(quán)的設(shè)立、變更、轉(zhuǎn)讓和消滅,經(jīng)依法登記,發(fā)生效力;未經(jīng)登記,不發(fā)生效力,但法律另有規(guī)定的除外。
    依法屬于國(guó)家所有的自然資源,所有權(quán)可以不登記。
Article 10    Registration of the immovables shall be handled by the registration authority at the place where they are located.
The State practices a unified system of registration with respect to the immovables. The scope of unified registration, the registration authority and the measures for registration shall be stipulated by law and administrative regulations.
     第十條  不動(dòng)產(chǎn)登記,由不動(dòng)產(chǎn)所在地的登記機(jī)構(gòu)辦理。
    國(guó)家對(duì)不動(dòng)產(chǎn)實(shí)行統(tǒng)一登記制度。統(tǒng)一登記的范圍、登記機(jī)構(gòu)和登記辦法,由法律、行政法規(guī)規(guī)定。
Article 11    To apply for registration, the party concerned shall, on the basis of the different matters for registration, submit the the certificate of the attribution of right and the necessary materials on boundary and the area of the immovables, etc.
     第十一條  當(dāng)事人申請(qǐng)登記,應(yīng)當(dāng)根據(jù)不同登記事項(xiàng)提供權(quán)屬證明和不動(dòng)產(chǎn)界址、面積等必要材料。
Article 12    The registration authority shall perform the following duties:
(1) to examine the certificate of the attribution of right and the other necessary materials submitted by the applicant;
(2) to inquire of the applicant about the matters for registration;
(3) to register the relevant matters truthfully and in a timely manner; and
(4) to perform the other duties provided for by laws and administrative regulations.
Where further certification of the condition of the immovables, the registration of which is applied for, is needed, the registration authority may require the applicant to supplement the materials and may, when necessary, check them on the spot.
     第十二條  登記機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)當(dāng)履行下列職責(zé):
    (一)查驗(yàn)申請(qǐng)人提供的權(quán)屬證明和其他必要材料;
    (二)就有關(guān)登記事項(xiàng)詢問申請(qǐng)人;
    (三)如實(shí)、及時(shí)登記有關(guān)事項(xiàng);
    (四)法律、行政法規(guī)規(guī)定的其他職責(zé)。
    申請(qǐng)登記的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)的有關(guān)情況需要進(jìn)一步證明的,登記機(jī)構(gòu)可以要求申請(qǐng)人補(bǔ)充材料,必要時(shí)可以實(shí)地查看。
Article 13    The registration authority shall not do any of the following:
(1) demanding evaluation of the immovables;
(2) making repeated registration in the name of annual inspection, etc.; or
(3) doing other things beyond the limits of its duty for registration.
     第十三條  登記機(jī)構(gòu)不得有下列行為:
    (一)要求對(duì)不動(dòng)產(chǎn)進(jìn)行評(píng)估;
    (二)以年檢等名義進(jìn)行重復(fù)登記;
    (三)超出登記職責(zé)范圍的其他行為。
Article 14    Where the creation, alteration, transfer and extinction of the property right of the immovables are required to be registered according to the provisions of law, they shall become valid as of the time when they are entered in the register of the immovables.
     第十四條  不動(dòng)產(chǎn)物權(quán)的設(shè)立、變更、轉(zhuǎn)讓和消滅,依照法律規(guī)定應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)怯浀模杂涊d于不動(dòng)產(chǎn)登記簿時(shí)發(fā)生效力。
Article 15    The contract made between the parties concerned on the creation, alteration, transfer or extinction of the property right of the immovables shall become valid as of the time when the contract is concluded, unless otherwise provided for by law or agreed upon in the contract; and where the property right is not registered, it shall not affect the validity of the contract.
     第十五條  當(dāng)事人之間訂立有關(guān)設(shè)立、變更、轉(zhuǎn)讓和消滅不動(dòng)產(chǎn)物權(quán)的合同,除法律另有規(guī)定或者合同另有約定外,自合同成立時(shí)生效;未辦理物權(quán)登記的,不影響合同效力。
Article 16    The register of the immovables provides the basis for the attribution and contents of the property right.
The register of the immovables shall be kept by the registration authority.
     第十六條  不動(dòng)產(chǎn)登記簿是物權(quán)歸屬和內(nèi)容的根據(jù)。不動(dòng)產(chǎn)登記簿由登記機(jī)構(gòu)管理。
Article 17    The right attribution certificate of the immovables is the proof that the obligee is entitled to the property right of the said immovables. The items recorded in the right attribution certificate of the immovables shall be consistent with what is recorded in the register of the immovables; and in case of inconsistencies, what is recorded in the register of the immovables shall be taken as the standard unless there is evidence to prove that there are errors in what is recorded in the register of the immovables.
     第十七條  不動(dòng)產(chǎn)權(quán)屬證書是權(quán)利人享有該不動(dòng)產(chǎn)物權(quán)的證明。不動(dòng)產(chǎn)權(quán)屬證書記載的事項(xiàng),應(yīng)當(dāng)與不動(dòng)產(chǎn)登記簿一致;記載不一致的,除有證據(jù)證明不動(dòng)產(chǎn)登記簿確有錯(cuò)誤外,以不動(dòng)產(chǎn)登記簿為準(zhǔn)。
Article 18    The obligee or the interested party may apply for consulting and duplicating the registered information, and the registration authority shall provide such materials accordingly.
     第十八條  權(quán)利人、利害關(guān)系人可以申請(qǐng)查詢、復(fù)制登記資料,登記機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)當(dāng)提供。
Article 19    Where the obligee or the interested party believes that there are errors in what is recorded in the register of the immovables, he may apply for correction. Where the obligee recorded in the register of the immovables agrees in written form to make corrections or there is evidence to prove that there are definitely errors in the registration, the registration authority shall make corrections accordingly.
Where the obligee recorded in the register of the immovables disagrees on making corrections, the interested party may apply for the registration of disagreement. Where the registration authority registers the disagreement, the applicant in question fails to file a lawsuit within 15 days from the date the disagreement is registered, such a registration shall become invalid. If damages are caused to the obligee due to inappropriate registration of disagreement, the obligee may request the applicant to make compensation.
     第十九條  權(quán)利人、利害關(guān)系人認(rèn)為不動(dòng)產(chǎn)登記簿記載的事項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤的,可以申請(qǐng)更正登記。不動(dòng)產(chǎn)登記簿記載的權(quán)利人書面同意更正或者有證據(jù)證明登記確有錯(cuò)誤的,登記機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)當(dāng)予以更正。
    不動(dòng)產(chǎn)登記簿記載的權(quán)利人不同意更正的,利害關(guān)系人可以申請(qǐng)異議登記。登記機(jī)構(gòu)予以異議登記的,申請(qǐng)人在異議登記之日起十五日內(nèi)不起訴,異議登記失效。異議登記不當(dāng),造成權(quán)利人損害的,權(quán)利人可以向申請(qǐng)人請(qǐng)求損害賠償。
Article 20    When the party concerned intends to sign an agreement on the purchase or sale of a house or other property right of immovables, he may, in accordance with what is agreed upon, apply to the registration authority in advance for registration, in order to ensure the realization of his property right in future. Where after the registration is made in advance, such immovables are disposed of without the consent of the obligee who is recorded in the registration in advance, the property right of such immovables shall be invalid.
Where after the registration is made in advance, the creditor's rights extinguish or no application for registration of the immovables is made within three months from the date when such registration can be made, the registration made in advance shall become invalid.
     第二十條  當(dāng)事人簽訂買賣房屋或者其他不動(dòng)產(chǎn)物權(quán)的協(xié)議,為保障將來實(shí)現(xiàn)物權(quán),按照約定可以向登記機(jī)構(gòu)申請(qǐng)預(yù)告登記。預(yù)告登記后,未經(jīng)預(yù)告登記的權(quán)利人同意,處分該不動(dòng)產(chǎn)的,不發(fā)生物權(quán)效力。
    預(yù)告登記后,債權(quán)消滅或者自能夠進(jìn)行不動(dòng)產(chǎn)登記之日起三個(gè)月內(nèi)未申請(qǐng)登記的,預(yù)告登記失效。
Article 21    Where the party concerned submits false materials when applying for registration, thus causing damages to another person, he shall be liable for compensation.
Where damages are caused to another person due to the errors made in registration, the registration authority shall be liable for compensation. After making the compensation, the said authority may have recourse to the person who makes the errors in registration.
     第二十一條  當(dāng)事人提供虛假材料申請(qǐng)登記,給他人造成損害的,應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)賠償責(zé)任。
    因登記錯(cuò)誤,給他人造成損害的,登記機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)賠償責(zé)任。登記機(jī)構(gòu)賠償后,可以向造成登記錯(cuò)誤的人追償。
Article 22    Charges for registration of the immovables shall be collected piece by piece and shall not be collected on the basis of the areas or sizes of the immovables or in proportion to the purchase prices.  The specific rates for the charges shall be prescribed by relevant department under the State Council together with the department of pricing.
     第二十二條  不動(dòng)產(chǎn)登記費(fèi)按件收取,不得按照不動(dòng)產(chǎn)的面積、體積或者價(jià)款的比例收取。具體收費(fèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)由國(guó)務(wù)院有關(guān)部門會(huì)同價(jià)格主管部門規(guī)定。
Section 2: Delivery of the Movables
第二節(jié)  動(dòng)產(chǎn)交付
Article 23    The creation or transfer of the property right of the movables shall become valid as of the time of their delivery, unless otherwise provided for by law.
     第二十三條  動(dòng)產(chǎn)物權(quán)的設(shè)立和轉(zhuǎn)讓,自交付時(shí)發(fā)生效力,但法律另有規(guī)定的除外。
Article 24    Before registration, the creation, alteration, transfer or extinction of the property right of the vessels, aircraft, motor vehicles, etc. shall not be used against a bona fide third party.
     第二十四條  船舶、航空器和機(jī)動(dòng)車等物權(quán)的設(shè)立、變更、轉(zhuǎn)讓和消滅,未經(jīng)登記,不得對(duì)抗善意第三人。
Article 25    Where an obligee has already possessed the movables according to law prior to the creation or transfer of the property right of such movables, the property right shall become valid as of the time when such legal act becomes effective.
     第二十五條  動(dòng)產(chǎn)物權(quán)設(shè)立和轉(zhuǎn)讓前,權(quán)利人已經(jīng)依法占有該動(dòng)產(chǎn)的,物權(quán)自法律行為生效時(shí)發(fā)生效力。
Article 26    Where a third party has taken possession of the movables according to law prior to the creation or transfer of the property right of the said movables, the person who is obligated to deliver the movables may do so, instead, through transferring the right of requesting the third party to return the original movables. 
     第二十六條  動(dòng)產(chǎn)物權(quán)設(shè)立和轉(zhuǎn)讓前,第三人依法占有該動(dòng)產(chǎn)的,負(fù)有交付義務(wù)的人可以通過轉(zhuǎn)讓請(qǐng)求第三人返還原物的權(quán)利代替交付。
Article 27    Where both parties agree that the transferor continues to possess the movables while the property right of such movables is being transferred, the said property right shall be valid as of the time when the said agreement becomes effective.
     第二十七條  動(dòng)產(chǎn)物權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓時(shí),雙方又約定由出讓人繼續(xù)占有該動(dòng)產(chǎn)的,物權(quán)自該約定生效時(shí)發(fā)生效力。
Section 3: Other Provisions
第三節(jié)  其他規(guī)定
Article 28    Where the property right is created, altered or transferred or extinguishes in accordance with the legal document of a people's court or an arbitration committee or a decision made by a people's government on expropriation, etc., such creation, alteration, transfer and extinction shall become valid as of the time when the said document or decision comes into effect.
     第二十八條  因人民法院、仲裁委員會(huì)的法律文書或者人民政府的征收決定等,導(dǎo)致物權(quán)設(shè)立、變更、轉(zhuǎn)讓或者消滅的,自法律文書或者人民政府的征收決定等生效時(shí)發(fā)生效力。
Article 29    Where the property right is obtained through inheritance or acceptance of legacy, such property right shall become valid as of the time of inheritance or acceptance of legacy.
     第二十九條  因繼承或者受遺贈(zèng)取得物權(quán)的,自繼承或者受遺贈(zèng)開始時(shí)發(fā)生效力。
Article 30    Where the property right is created or extinguishes due to such factual acts as lawful construction and demolition of houses, such property right shall become valid as of the time when the factual acts are achieved.
     第三十條  因合法建造、拆除房屋等事實(shí)行為設(shè)立或者消滅物權(quán)的,自事實(shí)行為成就時(shí)發(fā)生效力。
Article 31    Where a person enjoys the property right over the immovables in accordance with the provisions of Articles 28 through 30 of this Law, and registration is required according to the provisions of laws, when such property right is disposed of, the property right shall be invalid if no registration is made.
     第三十一條  依照本法第二十八條至第三十條規(guī)定享有不動(dòng)產(chǎn)物權(quán)的,處分該物權(quán)時(shí),依照法律規(guī)定需要辦理登記的,未經(jīng)登記,不發(fā)生物權(quán)效力。
Chapter 3: Protection of the Property Right
第三章  物權(quán)的保護(hù)
Article 32    Where the property right is encroached on, the obligee may have the matter settled by means of conciliation, mediation, arbitration or litigation.
     第三十二條  物權(quán)受到侵害的,權(quán)利人可以通過和解、調(diào)解、仲裁、訴訟等途徑解決。
Article 33    Where a dispute arises over the attribution or contents of the property right, the interested parties may request confirmation of their right.
     第三十三條  因物權(quán)的歸屬、內(nèi)容發(fā)生爭(zhēng)議的,利害關(guān)系人可以請(qǐng)求確認(rèn)權(quán)利。
Article 34    Where a person takes possession of the immovables or movables without the right to do so, the obligee may request return of the original immovables or movables.
     第三十四條  無權(quán)占有不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)的,權(quán)利人可以請(qǐng)求返還原物。
Article 35    Where the property right is impaired or is likely to be impaired, the obligee may request removal of such impairment or elimination of the potential danger.
     第三十五條  妨害物權(quán)或者可能妨害物權(quán)的,權(quán)利人可以請(qǐng)求排除妨害或者消除危險(xiǎn)。
Article 36    Where the immovables or movables are damaged or destroyed, the obligee may request repairs, reconstruction or remaking, replacement or restoration to their original state.
     第三十六條  造成不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)毀損的,權(quán)利人可以請(qǐng)求修理、重作、更換或者恢復(fù)原狀。
Article 37    Where the infringement of the property right causes damages to an obligee, the obligee may request compensation for the damages and may also request the infringing party to assume other civil liabilities.
     第三十七條  侵害物權(quán),造成權(quán)利人損害的,權(quán)利人可以請(qǐng)求損害賠償,也可以請(qǐng)求承擔(dān)其他民事責(zé)任。
Article 38    The forms for protection of the property right as provided for in this Chapter may be applied separately and may also be applied otherwise, depending on the circumstances of infringement.
Apart from bearing civil liability for infringement on the property right, a person who, in addition, violates the administrative provisions shall bear administrative liability according to law; and if a crime is constituted, he shall be investigated for criminal liability according to law.
     第三十八條  本章規(guī)定的物權(quán)保護(hù)方式,可以單獨(dú)適用,也可以根據(jù)權(quán)利被侵害的情形合并適用。
    侵害物權(quán),除承擔(dān)民事責(zé)任外,違反行政管理規(guī)定的,依法承擔(dān)行政責(zé)任;構(gòu)成犯罪的,依法追究刑事責(zé)任。
Part 2: Ownership
第二編  所有權(quán)
Chapter 4: General Stipulations
第四章  一般規(guī)定
Article 39    Owners of immovables or movables shall be entitled to possess, use, benefit from and dispose of the immovables or movables according to law.
     第三十九條  所有權(quán)人對(duì)自己的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn),依法享有占有、使用、收益和處分的權(quán)利。
Article 40    On their own immovables or movables, owners shall have the right to create usufruct and security interest.  In exercising their rights, the usufructuaries or guarantors shall not impair the rights and interests of the owners. 
     第四十條  所有權(quán)人有權(quán)在自己的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)上設(shè)立用益物權(quán)和擔(dān)保物權(quán)。用益物權(quán)人、擔(dān)保物權(quán)人行使權(quán)利,不得損害所有權(quán)人的權(quán)益。
Article 41    No units or individuals shall be allowed to acquire ownership of the immovables and movables which are exclusively owned by the State as are provided for by law.
     第四十一條  法律規(guī)定專屬于國(guó)家所有的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)和動(dòng)產(chǎn),任何單位和個(gè)人不能取得所有權(quán)。
Article 42    For public interests, land owned by the collectives, and the houses and other immovables of units and individuals may be expropriated within the limits of power and in compliance with the procedures provided for by law.
Where land owned by the collective is expropriated, such fees as compensations for the land expropriated, subsidies for resettlement and compensations for the attachments and the young crops on land shall be paid in full according to law, and the premiums for social insurance of the farmers whose land is expropriated shall be arranged in order to guarantee their daily lives and safeguard their lawful rights and interests.
Where houses and other immovables of units or individuals are expropriated, compensations for their resettlement shall be paid according to law, and their lawful rights and interests shall be protected; and where the housings of individuals are expropriated, their living conditions shall be guaranteed.
No units or individuals shall embezzle, misappropriate, privately divide, withhold or default on payment of such fees as the compensations for expropriation.
     第四十二條  為了公共利益的需要,依照法律規(guī)定的權(quán)限和程序可以征收集體所有的土地和單位、個(gè)人的房屋及其他不動(dòng)產(chǎn)。
    征收集體所有的土地,應(yīng)當(dāng)依法足額支付土地補(bǔ)償費(fèi)、安置補(bǔ)助費(fèi)、地上附著物和青苗的補(bǔ)償費(fèi)等費(fèi)用,安排被征地農(nóng)民的社會(huì)保障費(fèi)用,保障被征地農(nóng)民的生活,維護(hù)被征地農(nóng)民的合法權(quán)益。
    征收單位、個(gè)人的房屋及其他不動(dòng)產(chǎn),應(yīng)當(dāng)依法給予拆遷補(bǔ)償,維護(hù)被征收人的合法權(quán)益;征收個(gè)人住宅的,還應(yīng)當(dāng)保障被征收人的居住條件。
    任何單位和個(gè)人不得貪污、挪用、私分、截留、拖欠征收補(bǔ)償費(fèi)等費(fèi)用。
Article 43    The State provides cultivated land with special protection through strictly restricting the transformation of the farmland into land for construction and keeping under control the total amount of land used for construction. No land owned by the collectives shall be expropriated in violation of the limits of power and in compliance with the procedures as provided for by law.
     第四十三條  國(guó)家對(duì)耕地實(shí)行特殊保護(hù),嚴(yán)格限制農(nóng)用地轉(zhuǎn)為建設(shè)用地,控制建設(shè)用地總量。不得違反法律規(guī)定的權(quán)限和程序征收集體所有的土地。
Article 44    In order to meet such urgent needs as rushing to rescue or providing disaster relief, the immovables or movables of units or individuals may be requisitioned within the limits of power and in compliance with the procedures as provided for by law. After the use of the requisitioned immovables or movables, they shall be returned to the units or individuals whose immovables or movables are requisitioned.  Where the immovables or movables of units or individuals are requisitioned or if they are damaged or lost thereafter, compensations shall be made therefor.
     第四十四條  因搶險(xiǎn)、救災(zāi)等緊急需要,依照法律規(guī)定的權(quán)限和程序可以征用單位、個(gè)人的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)。被征用的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)使用后,應(yīng)當(dāng)返還被征用人。單位、個(gè)人的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)被征用或者征用后毀損、滅失的,應(yīng)當(dāng)給予補(bǔ)償。
Chapter 5: Ownership of the State, the Collective and the Individual Person
第五章  國(guó)家所有權(quán)和集體所有權(quán)、私人所有權(quán)
Article 45    The property owned by the State as is provided for by law belongs to the State, that is, the entire people.
The State Council shall exercise ownership of State-owned property on behalf of the State; and where laws provide for otherwise, the provisions there shall prevail.
     第四十五條  法律規(guī)定屬于國(guó)家所有的財(cái)產(chǎn),屬于國(guó)家所有即全民所有。
    國(guó)有財(cái)產(chǎn)由國(guó)務(wù)院代表國(guó)家行使所有權(quán);法律另有規(guī)定的,依照其規(guī)定。
Article 46    All mineral resources, waters and sea areas belong to the State.
     第四十六條  礦藏、水流、海域?qū)儆趪?guó)家所有。
Article 47    Land in the cities belongs to the State. Land in the rural and suburban areas which belongs to the State as is provided for by law is owned by the State.
     第四十七條  城市的土地,屬于國(guó)家所有。法律規(guī)定屬于國(guó)家所有的農(nóng)村和城市郊區(qū)的土地,屬于國(guó)家所有。
Article 48    Such natural resources as forests, mountains, grasslands, wasteland and tidal flats belong to the State, except where they belong to the collectives as is provided for by law.
     第四十八條  森林、山嶺、草原、荒地、灘涂等自然資源,屬于國(guó)家所有,但法律規(guī)定屬于集體所有的除外。
Article 49    All resources of the wildlife that belong to the State, as is provided for by law, are owned by the State.
     第四十九條  法律規(guī)定屬于國(guó)家所有的野生動(dòng)植物資源,屬于國(guó)家所有。
Article 50    All resources of radio-frequency spectrum belong to the State.
     第五十條  無線電頻譜資源屬于國(guó)家所有。
Article 51    All cultural relics that belong to the State, as is provided for by law, are owned by the State.
     第五十一條  法律規(guī)定屬于國(guó)家所有的文物,屬于國(guó)家所有。
Article 52    All assets for national defense belong to the State.
All infrastructures such as railways, highways, power facilities, telecommunications facilities and oil and gas pipelines that belong to the State in accordance with the provisions of law are owned by the State.
     第五十二條  國(guó)防資產(chǎn)屬于國(guó)家所有。
    鐵路、公路、電力設(shè)施、電信設(shè)施和油氣管道等基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施,依照法律規(guī)定為國(guó)家所有的,屬于國(guó)家所有。
Article 53    Government departments are entitled to possess and use the immovables and movables directly under their control and to dispose of them in accordance with laws and the relevant regulations of the State Council.
     第五十三條  國(guó)家機(jī)關(guān)對(duì)其直接支配的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)和動(dòng)產(chǎn),享有占有、使用以及依照法律和國(guó)務(wù)院的有關(guān)規(guī)定處分的權(quán)利。
Article 54    Institutions sponsored by the State shall have the right to possess and use the immovables and movables directly under their control and to benefit from and dispose of them in accordance with laws and the relevant regulations of the State Council.
     第五十四條  國(guó)家舉辦的事業(yè)單位對(duì)其直接支配的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)和動(dòng)產(chǎn),享有占有、使用以及依照法律和國(guó)務(wù)院的有關(guān)規(guī)定收益、處分的權(quán)利。
Article 55    With respect to enterprises invested by the State, the State Council or the local people's governments shall, in accordance with the provisions of laws and administrative regulations, perform the duties of the investors on behalf of the State and enjoy the rights and interests of the investors.
     第五十五條  國(guó)家出資的企業(yè),由國(guó)務(wù)院、地方人民政府依照法律、行政法規(guī)規(guī)定分別代表國(guó)家履行出資人職責(zé),享有出資人權(quán)益。
Article 56    The property owned by the State shall be protected by law, and illegal possession, looting, privately dividing, withholding or destruction of such property by any units or individuals shall be prohibited.
     第五十六條  國(guó)家所有的財(cái)產(chǎn)受法律保護(hù),禁止任何單位和個(gè)人侵占、哄搶、私分、截留、破壞。
Article 57    The authority performing the duties of administration and supervision over State-owned property and its staff members shall, according to law, exercise vigorous administration and supervision over State-owned property, promote the preservation and increase of the value of such property, and prevent its loss; and where losses are caused to State-owned property due to their abuse of power or dereliction of their duties, they shall bear legal liability according to law.
Where, in violation of the provisions governing the management of State-owned property, losses are caused to such property due to transferring it at a low price, privately dividing it in conspiracy with other persons, creating security on it without authorization or by other means in the course of enterprise restructuring, merger or division, affiliated transaction, etc., legal liability shall be borne according to law.
     第五十七條  履行國(guó)有財(cái)產(chǎn)管理、監(jiān)督職責(zé)的機(jī)構(gòu)及其工作人員,應(yīng)當(dāng)依法加強(qiáng)對(duì)國(guó)有財(cái)產(chǎn)的管理、監(jiān)督,促進(jìn)國(guó)有財(cái)產(chǎn)保值增值,防止國(guó)有財(cái)產(chǎn)損失;濫用職權(quán),玩忽職守,造成國(guó)有財(cái)產(chǎn)損失的,應(yīng)當(dāng)依法承擔(dān)法律責(zé)任。
    違反國(guó)有財(cái)產(chǎn)管理規(guī)定,在企業(yè)改制、合并分立、關(guān)聯(lián)交易等過程中,低價(jià)轉(zhuǎn)讓、合謀私分、擅自擔(dān);蛘咭云渌绞皆斐蓢(guó)有財(cái)產(chǎn)損失的,應(yīng)當(dāng)依法承擔(dān)法律責(zé)任。
Article 58    The immovables and movables owned by the collective include the following:
(1) the land, forests, mountains, grasslands, wasteland and tidal flats belong to the collective, as is provided for by law;
(2) the buildings, production equipment, water conservancy facilities of farmland that are owned by the collective;
(3) the educational, scientific, cultural, public health and sports facilities that are owned by the collective; and
(4) other immovables and movables owned by the collective.
     第五十八條  集體所有的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)和動(dòng)產(chǎn)包括:
    (一)法律規(guī)定屬于集體所有的土地和森林、山嶺、草原、荒地、灘涂;
    (二)集體所有的建筑物、生產(chǎn)設(shè)施、農(nóng)田水利設(shè)施;
    (三)集體所有的教育、科學(xué)、文化、衛(wèi)生、體育等設(shè)施;
    (四)集體所有的其他不動(dòng)產(chǎn)和動(dòng)產(chǎn)。
Article 59    The immovables and movables collectively owned by the farmers belong to the members of the collective.
The following matters shall be subject to decision by the members of a given collective in accordance with the statutory procedure:
(1) plans for contracting of land, and subcontracting of land to other units or to individuals other than those belonging to the collective;
(2) adjustment to be made to the contracted land by the individual persons among themselves who have the right to land contractual management;
(3) methods for the use and distribution of such fees as compensations paid for land;
(4) such matters as change in ownership of the enterprises invested by the collective; and
(5) other matters as provided for by law.
     第五十九條  農(nóng)民集體所有的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)和動(dòng)產(chǎn),屬于本集體成員集體所有。
    下列事項(xiàng)應(yīng)當(dāng)依照法定程序經(jīng)本集體成員決定:
    (一)土地承包方案以及將土地發(fā)包給本集體以外的單位或者個(gè)人承包;
    (二)個(gè)別土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)人之間承包地的調(diào)整;
    (三)土地補(bǔ)償費(fèi)等費(fèi)用的使用、分配辦法;
    (四)集體出資的企業(yè)的所有權(quán)變動(dòng)等事項(xiàng);
    (五)法律規(guī)定的其他事項(xiàng)。
Article 60    With respect to the land, forests, mountains, grasslands, wasteland, tidal flats, etc. owned by the collective, the right of their ownership shall be exercised in accordance with the following provisions:
(1) For those owned by the collective of farmers of a village, the collective economic organization of the village or the villagers' committee shall exercise the right of ownership on behalf of the collective;
(2) For those respectively owned by two or more collectives of farmers within a village, the collective economic organizations or villagers' teams concerned within the village shall exercise the right of ownership on behalf of the collectives; and
(3) For those owned by the collective of farmers of a town or township, the collective economic organization of the town or township shall exercise the right of ownership on behalf of the collective.
     第六十條  對(duì)于集體所有的土地和森林、山嶺、草原、荒地、灘涂等,依照下列規(guī)定行使所有權(quán):
    (一)屬于村農(nóng)民集體所有的,由村集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織或者村民委員會(huì)代表集體行使所有權(quán);
    (二)分別屬于村內(nèi)兩個(gè)以上農(nóng)民集體所有的,由村內(nèi)各該集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織或者村民小組代表集體行使所有權(quán);
    (三)屬于鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)農(nóng)民集體所有的,由鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織代表集體行使所有權(quán)。
Article 61    With respect to the immovables and movables owned by a collective of a town or township, the said collective shall, in accordance with the provisions of laws and administrative regulations, have the right to possess, use, benefit from and dispose of such immovables and movables.
     第六十一條  城鎮(zhèn)集體所有的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)和動(dòng)產(chǎn),依照法律、行政法規(guī)的規(guī)定由本集體享有占有、使用、收益和處分的權(quán)利。
Article 62    The collective economic organization or the villagers' committee or team shall, in accordance with laws and administrative regulations as well as the articles of association, village rules and farmers' agreements, make the position of the collective property known to the members of the collective.
     第六十二條  集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織或者村民委員會(huì)、村民小組應(yīng)當(dāng)依照法律、行政法規(guī)以及章程、村規(guī)民約向本集體成員公布集體財(cái)產(chǎn)的狀況。
Article 63    The property owned by the collective shall be protected by law, and illegal possession, looting, privately sharing, and destruction of such property by any units or individuals shall be prohibited.
Where a decision made by a collective economic organization, or villagers' committee or by the leading person of the organization or committee encroaches on the lawful rights and interests of the members of the collective, the said members may apply to a people's court for reversing such decision.
     第六十三條  集體所有的財(cái)產(chǎn)受法律保護(hù),禁止任何單位和個(gè)人侵占、哄搶、私分、破壞。
    集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織、村民委員會(huì)或者其負(fù)責(zé)人作出的決定侵害集體成員合法權(quán)益的,受侵害的集體成員可以請(qǐng)求人民法院予以撤銷。
Article 64    All individual persons shall be entitled to enjoy ownership of such immovables and movables as their lawful incomes, houses, articles for daily use, tools of production, and raw and semi-finished materials.
     第六十四條  私人對(duì)其合法的收入、房屋、生活用品、生產(chǎn)工具、原材料等不動(dòng)產(chǎn)和動(dòng)產(chǎn)享有所有權(quán)。
Article 65    The lawful savings and investments of individual persons and the gains derived there from are protected by law.
The State protects, in accordance with the provisions of law, the right of individual persons to inheritance and their other lawful rights and interests.
     第六十五條  私人合法的儲(chǔ)蓄、投資及其收益受法律保護(hù)。
    國(guó)家依照法律規(guī)定保護(hù)私人的繼承權(quán)及其他合法權(quán)益。
Article 66    The lawful property of individual persons is protected by law, and illegal possession, looting and destruction of such property by any units or individuals are prohibited.
     第六十六條  私人的合法財(cái)產(chǎn)受法律保護(hù),禁止任何單位和個(gè)人侵占、哄搶、破壞。
Article 67    The State, the collective or the individual person may, in accordance with law, invest to establish companies with limited liability, companies limited by shares or other enterprises. Where the immovables or movables owned by the State, the collective or the individual person are invested in enterprises, the investor shall have such rights as receiving benefits derived from the assets, making major decisions and selecting managers, and shall perform it/his duties, in accordance with what is agreed upon or in proportion to the amount of investment.
     第六十七條  國(guó)家、集體和私人依法可以出資設(shè)立有限責(zé)任公司、股份有限公司或者其他企業(yè)。國(guó)家、集體和私人所有的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn),投到企業(yè)的,由出資人按照約定或者出資比例享有資產(chǎn)收益、重大決策以及選擇經(jīng)營(yíng)管理者等權(quán)利并履行義務(wù)。
Article 68    An enterprise legal person has the right to possess, use, benefit from and dispose of his immovables and movables in accordance with laws and administrative regulations as well as the articles of association.
The rights enjoyed by legal persons other than enterprise legal persons with respect to their immovables and movables shall be governed by the provisions of relevant laws and administrative regulations as well as the articles of association.
     第六十八條  企業(yè)法人對(duì)其不動(dòng)產(chǎn)和動(dòng)產(chǎn)依照法律、行政法規(guī)以及章程享有占有、使用、收益和處分的權(quán)利。
    企業(yè)法人以外的法人,對(duì)其不動(dòng)產(chǎn)和動(dòng)產(chǎn)的權(quán)利,適用有關(guān)法律、行政法規(guī)以及章程的規(guī)定。
Article 69    The immovables and movables owned by public organizations according to law are protected by law.
     第六十九條  社會(huì)團(tuán)體依法所有的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)和動(dòng)產(chǎn),受法律保護(hù)。
Chapter 6: Condominium Right of Property Owners
第六章  業(yè)主的建筑物區(qū)分所有權(quán)
Article 70    Property owners shall enjoy ownership of the special parts within a building, such as the residential units and the units for business purposes and shall enjoy the right to share and jointly manage the common parts other than the special parts.
     第七十條  業(yè)主對(duì)建筑物內(nèi)的住宅、經(jīng)營(yíng)性用房等專有部分享有所有權(quán),對(duì)專有部分以外的共有部分享有共有和共同管理的權(quán)利。
Article 71    An owner shall enjoy the rights of possession, use, benefiting from and disposition of the part exclusively owned by him within a building. In exercising his rights, the owner shall not endanger the safety of the building or infringe on the lawful rights and interests of other owners therein.
     第七十一條  業(yè)主對(duì)其建筑物專有部分享有占有、使用、收益和處分的權(quán)利。業(yè)主行使權(quán)利不得危及建筑物的安全,不得損害其他業(yè)主的合法權(quán)益。
Article 72    An owner shall enjoy rights and fulfill obligations with respect to the common parts of a building other than the special parts, and shall not refuse to fulfill the obligations by forfeiting his rights.
When an owner transfers a residential unit or a unit for business purposes owned by him within a building, his right to share and jointly manage the common parts shall be transferred along.
     第七十二條  業(yè)主對(duì)建筑物專有部分以外的共有部分,享有權(quán)利,承擔(dān)義務(wù);不得以放棄權(quán)利不履行義務(wù)。
    業(yè)主轉(zhuǎn)讓建筑物內(nèi)的住宅、經(jīng)營(yíng)性用房,其對(duì)共有部分享有的共有和共同管理的權(quán)利一并轉(zhuǎn)讓。
Article 73    The roads in the district of a building shall be jointly owned by all the owners, with the exception of the public roads belonging to a city or township. The greens within the district of a building shall be jointly owned by all the owners, with the exception of the public greens belonging to a city or township, and the greens belonging to individual persons, as is clearly indicated. Other public spaces, public facilities and houses or rooms used for property management within the district of a building shall be jointly owned by all the owners.
     第七十三條  建筑區(qū)劃內(nèi)的道路,屬于業(yè)主共有,但屬于城鎮(zhèn)公共道路的除外。建筑區(qū)劃內(nèi)的綠地,屬于業(yè)主共有,但屬于城鎮(zhèn)公共綠地或者明示屬于個(gè)人的除外。建筑區(qū)劃內(nèi)的其他公共場(chǎng)所、公用設(shè)施和物業(yè)服務(wù)用房,屬于業(yè)主共有。
Article 74    In the district of a building, the designed parking places and garages shall first be used to meet the need of the owners.
In the district of a building, ownership of the designed parking places and garages shall be decided on through agreement among the parties concerned, by such means as selling, giving away as gifts, and leasing.
The roads and other places commonly owned by all the owners which are used for parking vehicles shall be jointly owned by all the owners.
     第七十四條  建筑區(qū)劃內(nèi),規(guī)劃用于停放汽車的車位、車庫(kù)應(yīng)當(dāng)首先滿足業(yè)主的需要。
    建筑區(qū)劃內(nèi),規(guī)劃用于停放汽車的車位、車庫(kù)的歸屬,由當(dāng)事人通過出售、附贈(zèng)或者出租等方式約定。
    占用業(yè)主共有的道路或者其他場(chǎng)地用于停放汽車的車位,屬于業(yè)主共有。
Article 75    The owners may form an owners' assembly and elect an owners' committee.
The department concerned of the local people's government shall give guidance and assistance to the formation of an owners' assembly and the election of an owners' committee.
     第七十五條  業(yè)主可以設(shè)立業(yè)主大會(huì),選舉業(yè)主委員會(huì)。
    地方人民政府有關(guān)部門應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)設(shè)立業(yè)主大會(huì)和選舉業(yè)主委員會(huì)給予指導(dǎo)和協(xié)助。
Article 76    The following matters shall be decided on by all the owners:
(1) formation and revision of the rules of procedure of the owners' assembly;
(2) formation and revision of the rules and agreement on managing the buildings and the attached facilities;
(3) election of the owners' committee or replacement of its members;
(4) employment or removal of the property management service or other managers;
(5) raising and use of funds for the maintenance of a building and its attached facilities;
(6) renovation and reconstruction of a building and its attached facilities; and
(7) other major matters relating to joint ownership and joint management rights.
For decision on the matters specified in Subparagraphs (5) and (6) of the preceding paragraph, an agreement shall be reached by the owners whose ownership of the exclusive parts within the building in question accounts for two-thirds or more of the total construction area of the building and who account for two-thirds or more of the total number of the owners. For decision on the rest of the matters specified in the preceding paragraph, an agreement shall be reached by the owners whose ownership of the exclusive parts in the building accounts for more than half of the total construction area of the building and who account for more than half of the total number of the owners.
     第七十六條  下列事項(xiàng)由業(yè)主共同決定:
    (一)制定和修改業(yè)主大會(huì)議事規(guī)則;
    (二)制定和修改建筑物及其附屬設(shè)施的管理規(guī)約;
    (三)選舉業(yè)主委員會(huì)或者更換業(yè)主委員會(huì)成員;
    (四)選聘和解聘物業(yè)服務(wù)企業(yè)或者其他管理人;
    (五)籌集和使用建筑物及其附屬設(shè)施的維修資金;
    (六)改建、重建建筑物及其附屬設(shè)施;
    (七)有關(guān)共有和共同管理權(quán)利的其他重大事項(xiàng)。
    決定前款第五項(xiàng)和第六項(xiàng)規(guī)定的事項(xiàng),應(yīng)當(dāng)經(jīng)專有部分占建筑物總面積三分之二以上的業(yè)主且占總?cè)藬?shù)三分之二以上的業(yè)主同意。決定前款其他事項(xiàng),應(yīng)當(dāng)經(jīng)專有部分占建筑物總面積過半數(shù)的業(yè)主且占總?cè)藬?shù)過半數(shù)的業(yè)主同意。
Article 77    No owners may, in violation of the relevant laws, regulations or the management rules and agreements, turn a residential unit into a unit for business purposes. If an owner intends to do so, he shall, in addition to observing the relevant laws, regulations and the management rules and agreements, obtain the consent of the interested owners.
     第七十七條  業(yè)主不得違反法律、法規(guī)以及管理規(guī)約,將住宅改變?yōu)榻?jīng)營(yíng)性用房。業(yè)主將住宅改變?yōu)榻?jīng)營(yíng)性用房的,除遵守法律、法規(guī)以及管理規(guī)約外,應(yīng)當(dāng)經(jīng)有利害關(guān)系的業(yè)主同意。
Article 78    The decisions of the owners' assembly or the owners' committee shall be binding to all the owners.
If a decision made by the owners' assembly or the owners' committee infringes on the lawful rights and interests of an owner, the said owner may apply to a people's court for voiding of the decision.
     第七十八條  業(yè)主大會(huì)或者業(yè)主委員會(huì)的決定,對(duì)業(yè)主具有約束力。
    業(yè)主大會(huì)或者業(yè)主委員會(huì)作出的決定侵害業(yè)主合法權(quán)益的,受侵害的業(yè)主可以請(qǐng)求人民法院予以撤銷。
Article 79    The funds for maintenance of a building and its attached facilities shall belong to all the owners, which, upon their common decision, may be used for maintaining and repairing the common parts such as the elevators and water tanks. The raising and use of such funds shall be made public.
     第七十九條  建筑物及其附屬設(shè)施的維修資金,屬于業(yè)主共有。經(jīng)業(yè)主共同決定,可以用于電梯、水箱等共有部分的維修。維修資金的籌集、使用情況應(yīng)當(dāng)公布。
Article 80    The apportioning of the expenses for a building and its attached facilities and the distribution of benefits therefrom shall follow the agreement reached; if there is no such agreement or the agreement is unclear, such apportioning and distribution shall be determined on the basis of the ratio of the area of the exclusive parts an owner owns to the total construction area of the building.
     第八十條  建筑物及其附屬設(shè)施的費(fèi)用,分?jǐn)、收益分配等事?xiàng),有約定的,按照約定;沒有約定或者約定不明確的,按照業(yè)主專有部分占建筑物總面積的比例確定。
Article 81    Owners may manage the building and its affixtures by themselves, or entrust the matter to a property management service or other managers.
The owners shall, according to law, have the right to replace the property management service or other managers employed by the developer.
     第八十一條  業(yè)主可以自行管理建筑物及其附屬設(shè)施,也可以委托物業(yè)服務(wù)企業(yè)或者其他管理人管理。
    對(duì)建設(shè)單位聘請(qǐng)的物業(yè)服務(wù)企業(yè)或者其他管理人,業(yè)主有權(quán)依法更換。
Article 82    The property management service or other managers shall manage the building and its affixtures within the district of the building, as entrusted by the owners, and shall be subject to supervision by the owners.
     第八十二條  物業(yè)服務(wù)企業(yè)或者其他管理人根據(jù)業(yè)主的委托管理建筑區(qū)劃內(nèi)的建筑物及其附屬設(shè)施,并接受業(yè)主的監(jiān)督。
Article 83    Owners shall observe the relevant laws and regulations and the management rules and agreements.
With respect to a person who randomly discards garbage, discharges pollutants, makes noises, keeps animals in violation of regulations, erects structures against rules, occupies passages, refuses to pay property management fees, etc., thus infringing on the lawful rights and interests of another person, the owners' assembly and the owners' committee shall, according to the relevant laws and regulations and the management rules and agreements, have the right to require the person to discontinue such infringement, eliminate the hazards, clear away the obstructions and compensate the losses entailed. The owner whose lawful rights and interests are infringed on may bring a lawsuit to the people's court against such acts.
     第八十三條  業(yè)主應(yīng)當(dāng)遵守法律、法規(guī)以及管理規(guī)約。
    業(yè)主大會(huì)和業(yè)主委員會(huì),對(duì)任意棄置垃圾、排放污染物或者噪聲、違反規(guī)定飼養(yǎng)動(dòng)物、違章搭建、侵占通道、拒付物業(yè)費(fèi)等損害他人合法權(quán)益的行為,有權(quán)依照法律、法規(guī)以及管理規(guī)約,要求行為人停止侵害、消除危險(xiǎn)、排除妨害、賠償損失。業(yè)主對(duì)侵害自己合法權(quán)益的行為,可以依法向人民法院提起訴訟。
Chapter 7: Neighboring Relations
第七章  相鄰關(guān)系
Article 84    Owners of neighboring immovables shall properly deal with their neighboring relations in adherence to the principles of conduciveness to production, convenience for daily lives, unity and mutual help, and fairness and rationality.
     第八十四條  不動(dòng)產(chǎn)的相鄰權(quán)利人應(yīng)當(dāng)按照有利生產(chǎn)、方便生活、團(tuán)結(jié)互助、公平合理的原則,正確處理相鄰關(guān)系。
Article 85    Where there are laws or regulations governing neighboring relations, the provisions there shall prevail; otherwise, such relations shall be dealt with in accordance with local customs.
     第八十五條  法律、法規(guī)對(duì)處理相鄰關(guān)系有規(guī)定的,依照其規(guī)定;法律、法規(guī)沒有規(guī)定的,可以按照當(dāng)?shù)亓?xí)慣。
Article 86    An owner of immovables shall provide the necessary convenience to a neighboring obligee in the use or discharge of water.
The natural flowing waters shall be reasonably distributed among the neighboring obligees of immovables. The direction of natural flow shall be set store by where discharge of such water is concerned.
     第八十六條  不動(dòng)產(chǎn)權(quán)利人應(yīng)當(dāng)為相鄰權(quán)利人用水、排水提供必要的便利。
    對(duì)自然流水的利用,應(yīng)當(dāng)在不動(dòng)產(chǎn)的相鄰權(quán)利人之間合理分配。對(duì)自然流水的排放,應(yīng)當(dāng)尊重自然流向。
Article 87    Where a neighboring obligee has to use for passage, etc. the land of an obligee of immovables, the latter shall provide the necessary convenience to the former.
     第八十七條  不動(dòng)產(chǎn)權(quán)利人對(duì)相鄰權(quán)利人因通行等必須利用其土地的,應(yīng)當(dāng)提供必要的便利。
Article 88    Where an obligee of immovables, for constructing or maintaining a building, or laying wires, cables, or pipelines for water, heating or gas, has to use the neighboring land or building, the owner of the said land or building shall provide the necessary convenience accordingly.
     第八十八條  不動(dòng)產(chǎn)權(quán)利人因建造、修繕建筑物以及鋪設(shè)電線、電纜、水管、暖氣和燃?xì)夤芫等必須利用相鄰?fù)恋、建筑物的,該土地、建筑物的?quán)利人應(yīng)當(dāng)提供必要的便利。
Article 89    In construction of a building, ventilation, light and sunshine of the neighboring building shall not be blocked in violation of the relevant construction standards of the State.
     第八十九條  建造建筑物,不得違反國(guó)家有關(guān)工程建設(shè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),妨礙相鄰建筑物的通風(fēng)、采光和日照。
Article 90    An obligee of immovables shall not, in violation of State regulations, discard solid waste or discharge hazardous substances, such as air and water pollutants, noises, and optical and electromagnetic radiation.
     第九十條  不動(dòng)產(chǎn)權(quán)利人不得違反國(guó)家規(guī)定棄置固體廢物,排放大氣污染物、水污染物、噪聲、光、電磁波輻射等有害物質(zhì)。
Article 91    When digging, constructing a building, laying pipelines or installing facilities, etc., an owner of immovables shall not endanger the neighboring immovables.
     第九十一條  不動(dòng)產(chǎn)權(quán)利人挖掘土地、建造建筑物、鋪設(shè)管線以及安裝設(shè)備等,不得危及相鄰不動(dòng)產(chǎn)的安全。
Article 92    When making use of the neighboring immovables for the drawing or draining off of water, for passage or for laying of pipelines, an owner of immovables shall do the best to avoid causing damage to the owner of the neighboring land; if damage is caused, he shall compensate for the damage.
     第九十二條  不動(dòng)產(chǎn)權(quán)利人因用水、排水、通行、鋪設(shè)管線等利用相鄰不動(dòng)產(chǎn)的,應(yīng)當(dāng)盡量避免對(duì)相鄰的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)權(quán)利人造成損害;造成損害的,應(yīng)當(dāng)給予賠償。
Chapter 8: Co-ownership
第八章  共有
Article 93    Immovables or movables may be co-owned by two or more units or individuals. Co-ownership consists of shared ownership and joint ownership.
     第九十三條  不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)可以由兩個(gè)以上單位、個(gè)人共有。共有包括按份共有和共同共有。
Article 94    Persons who share the ownership of immovables or movables shall enjoy the ownership in proportion to the amount of their shares.
     第九十四條  按份共有人對(duì)共有的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)按照其份額享有所有權(quán)。
Article 95    Persons who jointly own immovables or movables shall enjoy the ownership jointly.
     第九十五條  共同共有人對(duì)共有的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)共同享有所有權(quán)。
Article 96    Co-owners shall manage the immovables or movables they own as agreed upon; if there is no agreement or the agreement is indefinite in this respect, all the co-owners shall have the right and duty of management. 
     第九十六條  共有人按照約定管理共有的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn);沒有約定或者約定不明確的,各共有人都有管理的權(quán)利和義務(wù)。
Article 97    Disposing of or making major repairs to the co-owned immovables or movables shall be subject to agreement reached by the co-owners who possess two-thirds or more of the total shares or by all of the joint owners, except where the owners agree otherwise.
     第九十七條  處分共有的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)以及對(duì)共有的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)作重大修繕的,應(yīng)當(dāng)經(jīng)占份額三分之二以上的按份共有人或者全體共同共有人同意,但共有人之間另有約定的除外。
Article 98    The fees for managing what is co-owned and other expenses shall be paid according to agreement; if there is no such agreement or the agreement is indefinite in this respect, they shall be paid by the persons who share the ownership in proportion to the amounts of their respective shares, or jointly paid by the joint owners.
     第九十八條  對(duì)共有物的管理費(fèi)用以及其他負(fù)擔(dān),有約定的,按照約定;沒有約定或者約定不明確的,按份共有人按照其份額負(fù)擔(dān),共同共有人共同負(fù)擔(dān)。
Article 99    Where the co-owners have agreed not to sever the immovables or movables owned by them in order to maintain the co-ownership, such agreement shall be complied with; however, if a co-owner has major reasons for severing them, he may make a request for severance; where there is no such agreement or the agreement is indefinite in this respect, a person who shares the ownership may make a request for severance at any time, while a joint owner may do so if the basis for joint ownership no longer exists or he has major reasons for severance. Where the severance causes losses to the other co-owners, they shall be compensated for the losses.
     第九十九條  共有人約定不得分割共有的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn),以維持共有關(guān)系的,應(yīng)當(dāng)按照約定,但共有人有重大理由需要分割的,可以請(qǐng)求分割;沒有約定或者約定不明確的,按份共有人可以隨時(shí)請(qǐng)求分割,共同共有人在共有的基礎(chǔ)喪失或者有重大理由需要分割時(shí)可以請(qǐng)求分割。因分割對(duì)其他共有人造成損害的,應(yīng)當(dāng)給予賠償。
Article 100    The co-owners may decide on the method for severance through consultation. If they fail to reach an agreement, and the immovables or movables owned by them can be severed and its value will not be reduced because of such severance, the actual property shall be severed; if it is difficult to sever the property or its value will be reduced because of such severance, the severance shall be made after the property is converted into money, or auctioned, or sold.
If the immovables or movables of a co-owner obtains from the severance is flawed, the other co-owners shall share the losses.
     第一百條  共有人可以協(xié)商確定分割方式。達(dá)不成協(xié)議,共有的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)可以分割并且不會(huì)因分割減損價(jià)值的,應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)實(shí)物予以分割;難以分割或者因分割會(huì)減損價(jià)值的,應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)折價(jià)或者拍賣、變賣取得的價(jià)款予以分割。
    共有人分割所得的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)有瑕疵的,其他共有人應(yīng)當(dāng)分擔(dān)損失。
Article 101    A co-owner who shares ownership of the immovables or movables shall have the right to transfer his own share. The other co-owners shall have the priority to purchase under equal conditions.
     第一百零一條  按份共有人可以轉(zhuǎn)讓其享有的共有的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)份額。其他共有人在同等條件下享有優(yōu)先購(gòu)買的權(quán)利。
Article 102    In external relations, the co-owners shall have joint and several claims arising from the immovables or movables owned by them and bear joint and several liability for the debts arising likewise, except where laws provide otherwise or where a third party is aware that the co-owners are not associated in the aftersaid manner; in internal relations, unless otherwise agreed upon by the co-owners, the co-owners who share the ownership shall enjoy the claims and bear liability for the debts in proportion to the amounts of their respective shares, while the joint owners shall jointly enjoy the claims and bear liability for the debts. Where a person who shares ownership pays debts in excess of his share, he shall have the right to recourse from the other co-owners.
     第一百零二條  因共有的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)產(chǎn)生的債權(quán)債務(wù),在對(duì)外關(guān)系上,共有人享有連帶債權(quán)、承擔(dān)連帶債務(wù),但法律另有規(guī)定或者第三人知道共有人不具有連帶債權(quán)債務(wù)關(guān)系的除外;在共有人內(nèi)部關(guān)系上,除共有人另有約定外,按份共有人按照份額享有債權(quán)、承擔(dān)債務(wù),共同共有人共同享有債權(quán)、承擔(dān)債務(wù)。償還債務(wù)超過自己應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)份額的按份共有人,有權(quán)向其他共有人追償。
Article 103    Where the co-owners fail to reach an agreement either on shared or on joint ownership of the immovables or movables, or the agreement reached is indefinite in this respect, the ownership shall be deemed to be shared ownership, unless the co-owners are of a family or have other relations.
     第一百零三條  共有人對(duì)共有的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)沒有約定為按份共有或者共同共有,或者約定不明確的,除共有人具有家庭關(guān)系等外,視為按份共有。
Article 104    Where the shares of immovables or movables are not agreed upon among the persons who share the ownership, or the agreement reached is indefinite in this respect, their shares shall be determined on the basis of the amounts of their respective capital contributions; if it is difficult to determine the amounts of capital contributions, the immovables or movables shall be deemed to be shared equally among them.
     第一百零四條  按份共有人對(duì)共有的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)享有的份額,沒有約定或者約定不明確的,按照出資額確定;不能確定出資額的,視為等額享有。
Article 105    Where two or more entities or individuals jointly enjoy usufructs or security interest, the provisions in this Chapter shall be applied mutatis mutandis.
     第一百零五條  兩個(gè)以上單位、個(gè)人共同享有用益物權(quán)、擔(dān)保物權(quán)的,參照本章規(guī)定。
Chapter 9: Special Provisions on Acquirement of Ownership
第九章  所有權(quán)取得的特別規(guī)定
Article 106    Where a person transfers to a transferee immovables or movables which he has no right to dispose of, the owner shall have the right to recover them; except where otherwise provided for by law, the transferee shall acquire ownership of the said immovables or movables under one of the following circumstances:
(1) The transferee is in good faith when the said immovables or movables are transferred to him;
(2) The transfer is made at a reasonable price; or
(3) The said immovables or movables have duely been registered as is required by law, or have been delivered to the transferee where no registration is required.
Where a transferee acquires the ownership of the immovables or movables in accordance with the provisions in the preceding paragraph, the original owner shall have the right to request the person who has no right of disposition to compensate for the losses.
Where a party acquires other property rights in good faith, the preceding two paragraphs shall be applied mutatis mutandis.
     第一百零六條  無處分權(quán)人將不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)轉(zhuǎn)讓給受讓人的,所有權(quán)人有權(quán)追回;除法律另有規(guī)定外,符合下列情形的,受讓人取得該不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)的所有權(quán):
    (一)受讓人受讓該不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)時(shí)是善意的;
    (二)以合理的價(jià)格轉(zhuǎn)讓;
    (三)轉(zhuǎn)讓的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)依照法律規(guī)定應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)怯浀囊呀?jīng)登記,不需要登記的已經(jīng)交付給受讓人。
    受讓人依照前款規(guī)定取得不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)的所有權(quán)的,原所有權(quán)人有權(quán)向無處分權(quán)人請(qǐng)求賠償損失。
    當(dāng)事人善意取得其他物權(quán)的,參照前兩款規(guī)定。
Article 107    An owner or any other obligee shall have the right to recover a lost-and-found thing. Where the thing comes to be possessed by another person through transfer, the obligee shall have the right to request the person who has no right of disposition to compensate for the losses or, within two years from the date he becomes, or ought to become, aware of the transferee, request the transferee to return the lost thing, however, if the lost thing is purchased by the transferee at auction or from a qualified seller, the obligee shall, when requesting the transferee to return the original thing, compensate the transferee for the expenses the latter has paid for the thing. After the obligee compensates the transferee for the expenses, he shall have the right to recover the payment he has made from the person who has no right of disposition.
     第一百零七條  所有權(quán)人或者其他權(quán)利人有權(quán)追回遺失物。該遺失物通過轉(zhuǎn)讓被他人占有的,權(quán)利人有權(quán)向無處分權(quán)人請(qǐng)求損害賠償,或者自知道或者應(yīng)當(dāng)知道受讓人之日起二年內(nèi)向受讓人請(qǐng)求返還原物,但受讓人通過拍賣或者向具有經(jīng)營(yíng)資格的經(jīng)營(yíng)者購(gòu)得該遺失物的,權(quán)利人請(qǐng)求返還原物時(shí)應(yīng)當(dāng)支付受讓人所付的費(fèi)用。權(quán)利人向受讓人支付所付費(fèi)用后,有權(quán)向無處分權(quán)人追償。
Article 108    After a bona fide transferee acquires a piece of movables, the rights previously attached to the said piece shall extinguish, unless where the bona fide transferee is or ought to be aware of the attached rights at the time of transfer of the piece.
     第一百零八條  善意受讓人取得動(dòng)產(chǎn)后,該動(dòng)產(chǎn)上的原有權(quán)利消滅,但善意受讓人在受讓時(shí)知道或者應(yīng)當(dāng)知道該權(quán)利的除外。
Article 109    A person who finds a lost thing shall return it to the obligee. The finder shall, in a timely manner, give a notice to the obligee asking him to take it back, or deliver it to the public security organ or relevant departments.
     第一百零九條  拾得遺失物,應(yīng)當(dāng)返還權(quán)利人。拾得人應(yīng)當(dāng)及時(shí)通知權(quán)利人領(lǐng)取,或者送交公安等有關(guān)部門。
Article 110    Where the relevant department that receives a found thing knows who the obligee is, it shall, without delay, give a notice to the obligee to notify the obligee asking him to take the thing back; otherwise, it shall publish a notice of the finding of the lost thing without delay.
     第一百一十條  有關(guān)部門收到遺失物,知道權(quán)利人的,應(yīng)當(dāng)及時(shí)通知其領(lǐng);不知道的,應(yīng)當(dāng)及時(shí)發(fā)布招領(lǐng)公告。
Article 111    Before a finder delivers a found thing to the relevant department and before the lost thing is taken back from the department, both the finder and the department shall safekeep the thing. If, the thing in his or its safekeeping is damaged, destroyed or lost intentionally or through gross negligence, he or it shall bear civil liability therefor.
     第一百一十一條  拾得人在遺失物送交有關(guān)部門前,有關(guān)部門在遺失物被領(lǐng)取前,應(yīng)當(dāng)妥善保管遺失物。因故意或者重大過失致使遺失物毀損、滅失的,應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)民事責(zé)任。
Article 112    When an obligee goes to take back the thing he lost, he shall pay to the finder or the relevant department the necessary expenses entailed by safekeeping, etc.
Where an obligee offers a reward for the finding of the thing he lost, he shall fulfill his obligation as promised when taking the thing back.
Where a finder illegally takes into his own possession a lost thing, he shall have no right to request the expenses paid for the safekeeping of the thing, nor shall he have the right to request the obligee to fulfill the obligation as promised.
     第一百一十二條  權(quán)利人領(lǐng)取遺失物時(shí),應(yīng)當(dāng)向拾得人或者有關(guān)部門支付保管遺失物等支出的必要費(fèi)用。
    權(quán)利人懸賞尋找遺失物的,領(lǐng)取遺失物時(shí)應(yīng)當(dāng)按照承諾履行義務(wù)。
    拾得人侵占遺失物的,無權(quán)請(qǐng)求保管遺失物等支出的費(fèi)用,也無權(quán)請(qǐng)求權(quán)利人按照承諾履行義務(wù)。
Article 113    A lost thing shall belong to the State if no one goes to claim it within six months from the date the notice of the finding of the thing is published.
     第一百一十三條  遺失物自發(fā)布招領(lǐng)公告之日起六個(gè)月內(nèi)無人認(rèn)領(lǐng)的,歸國(guó)家所有。
Article 114    The provisions governing the finding of lost things shall be applied mutatis mutandis to the finding of drift-stuff or buried or hidden things. Where the laws such as the Law on Protection of Cultural Relics provide for otherwise, the provisions there shall prevail.
     第一百一十四條  拾得漂流物、發(fā)現(xiàn)埋藏物或者隱藏物的,參照拾得遺失物的有關(guān)規(guī)定。文物保護(hù)法等法律另有規(guī)定的,依照其規(guī)定。
Article 115    Where the principal part of a thing is transferred, the ancillaries shall be transferred along with it, except where the parties concerned agree otherwise.
     第一百一十五條  主物轉(zhuǎn)讓的,從物隨主物轉(zhuǎn)讓,但當(dāng)事人另有約定的除外。
Article 116    The natural fruits of a thing shall go to the owner; if there are both owner and usufructuary, the fruits shall go to the usufructuary. Where the parties concerned agree otherwise, their agreement shall prevail.
The statutory fruits of a thing shall go to the party as agreed upon if there is an agreement between the parties concerned; if there is no such agreement or the agreement in this respect is indefinite, the fruits shall be acquired according to the customs of transaction.
     第一百一十六條  天然孳息,由所有權(quán)人取得;既有所有權(quán)人又有用益物權(quán)人的,由用益物權(quán)人取得。當(dāng)事人另有約定的,按照約定。
    法定孳息,當(dāng)事人有約定的,按照約定取得;沒有約定或者約定不明確的,按照交易習(xí)慣取得。
Part 3: Usufructs
Chapter 10: General Stipulations
第三編  用益物權(quán)
第十章  一般規(guī)定
Article 117    A usufructuary shall, according to law, have the right to possess, use and benefit from the immovables or movables owned by another.
     第一百一十七條  用益物權(quán)人對(duì)他人所有的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn),依法享有占有、使用和收益的權(quán)利。
Article 118    Units or individuals may, according to law, possess, use and benefit from the natural resources which are owned by the State, or owned by the State but used by the collective, or owned by the collective as stipulated by law.
     第一百一十八條  國(guó)家所有或者國(guó)家所有由集體使用以及法律規(guī)定屬于集體所有的自然資源,單位、個(gè)人依法可以占有、使用和收益。
Article 119    The State shall apply a system of compensated use of natural resources, unless otherwise stipulated by law.
     第一百一十九條  國(guó)家實(shí)行自然資源有償使用制度,但法律另有規(guī)定的除外。
Article 120    In exercising his rights, the usufructuary shall observe the provisions of law governing the protection and reasonable exploitation and utilization of resources. The owner shall not interfere with the exercise of rights by the usufrustuary.
     第一百二十條  用益物權(quán)人行使權(quán)利,應(yīng)當(dāng)遵守法律有關(guān)保護(hù)和合理開發(fā)利用資源的規(guī)定。所有權(quán)人不得干涉用益物權(quán)人行使權(quán)利。
Article 121    The usufurstuary shall, in accordance with the provisions of Articles 42 and 44 of this Law, get appropriate compensation when his usufruct extinguishes or the exercise of his usufruct is limited due to expropriation or requisition of the immovables or movables.
     第一百二十一條  因不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)被征收、征用致使用益物權(quán)消滅或者影響用益物權(quán)行使的,用益物權(quán)人有權(quán)依照本法第四十二條、第四十四條的規(guī)定獲得相應(yīng)補(bǔ)償。
Article 122    The right to the use of sea areas that is obtained in accordance with law shall be protected by law.
     第一百二十二條  依法取得的海域使用權(quán)受法律保護(hù)。
Article 123    The rights to prospecting for mineral deposits, mining, water taking, and the rights to the use of waters or tidal flats for aquaculture or fishing, which are obtained in accordance with law, shall be protected by law.
     第一百二十三條  依法取得的探礦權(quán)、采礦權(quán)、取水權(quán)和使用水域、灘涂從事養(yǎng)殖、捕撈的權(quán)利受法律保護(hù)。
Chapter 11: The Right to Land Contractual Management
第十一章  土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)
Article 124    Rural collective economic organizations apply the dual management system characterized by the combination of centralized management with decentralized management on the basis of management by households under a contract.
The contractual management system shall, in accordance with law, be applied to the cultivated land, forestlands, grasslands and other land used for agriculture, which are owned collectively by the farmers or by the State but used collectively by the farmers.
     第一百二十四條  農(nóng)村集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織實(shí)行家庭承包經(jīng)營(yíng)為基礎(chǔ)、統(tǒng)分結(jié)合的雙層經(jīng)營(yíng)體制。
    農(nóng)民集體所有和國(guó)家所有由農(nóng)民集體使用的耕地、林地、草地以及其他用于農(nóng)業(yè)的土地,依法實(shí)行土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)制度。
Article 125    Contractors for the right to land management shall, in accordance with law, have the right to possess, use, and benefit from the cultivated land, forestlands, grasslands, etc. which are under their contractual management, and shall have the right to engage in agricultural production, including crop cultivation, forestry and animal husbandry.
     第一百二十五條  土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)人依法對(duì)其承包經(jīng)營(yíng)的耕地、林地、草地等享有占有、使用和收益的權(quán)利,有權(quán)從事種植業(yè)、林業(yè)、畜牧業(yè)等農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)。
Article 126    The term of contract for cultivated land is 30 years. The term of contract for grasslands ranges from 30 to 50 years. The term of contract for forestlands ranges from 30 to 70 years; and that for forestlands where special trees grow may be extended upon approval by the competent administrative department for forestry under the State Council.
At the expiration of the term of contract stipulated in the preceding paragraph, the contract may be renewed by the contractor for the right to land management in accordance with the relevant regulations of the State.
     第一百二十六條  耕地的承包期為三十年。草地的承包期為三十年至五十年。林地的承包期為三十年至七十年;特殊林木的林地承包期,經(jīng)國(guó)務(wù)院林業(yè)行政主管部門批準(zhǔn)可以延長(zhǎng)。
    前款規(guī)定的承包期屆滿,由土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)人按照國(guó)家有關(guān)規(guī)定繼續(xù)承包。
Article 127    The right to land contractual management shall be established as of the date the contract for the right to land management becomes valid.
Local people's governments at or above the county level shall issue to the contractors for the right to land management certificates of the right to land contractual management, certificates of the right to use forestlands, or certificates of the right to use grasslands, and shall have them registered to confirm their right to land contractual management.
     第一百二十七條  土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)自土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)合同生效時(shí)設(shè)立。
    縣級(jí)以上地方人民政府應(yīng)當(dāng)向土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)人發(fā)放土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)證、林權(quán)證、草原使用權(quán)證,并登記造冊(cè),確認(rèn)土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)。
Article 128    Contractors for the right to land management shall, in accordance with the provisions of the Law on Land Contract in Rural Areas, have the right to circulate the right to land contractual management by subcontracting, exchanging or transferring the right or by other means. The term of circulation may not exceed the remaining period of the term of a contract. Without approval as granted according to law, no contracted land may be used for non-agricultural development.
     第一百二十八條  土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)人依照農(nóng)村土地承包法的規(guī)定,有權(quán)將土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)采取轉(zhuǎn)包、互換、轉(zhuǎn)讓等方式流轉(zhuǎn)。流轉(zhuǎn)的期限不得超過承包期的剩余期限。未經(jīng)依法批準(zhǔn),不得將承包地用于非農(nóng)建設(shè)。
Article 129    When contractors for the right to land management exchange or transfer the said right and the parties concerned request registration, they shall apply to the local people's governments at or above the county level for alteration of the registration of the right to land contractual management. Where such registration is lacking, it shall not be used against a bona fide third party.
     第一百二十九條  土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)人將土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)互換、轉(zhuǎn)讓,當(dāng)事人要求登記的,應(yīng)當(dāng)向縣級(jí)以上地方人民政府申請(qǐng)土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)變更登記;未經(jīng)登記,不得對(duì)抗善意第三人。
Article 130    During the term of contract, the party giving out the contract may not readjust the contracted land.
When the contracted cultivated land or grasslands need to be readjusted appropriately under the special circumstances in which the contracted land or grasslands are seriously damaged due to natural disasters, the matter shall be handled in accordance with the provisions of the Law on Land Contract in Rural Areas, etc.
     第一百三十條  承包期內(nèi)發(fā)包人不得調(diào)整承包地。
    因自然災(zāi)害嚴(yán)重毀損承包地等特殊情形,需要適當(dāng)調(diào)整承包的耕地和草地的,應(yīng)當(dāng)依照農(nóng)村土地承包法等法律規(guī)定辦理。
Article 131    During the term of contract, the party giving out the contract may not take back the contracted land. Where the Law on Land Contract in Rural Areas and other laws provide otherwise, the provisions there shall apply.
     第一百三十一條  承包期內(nèi)發(fā)包人不得收回承包地。農(nóng)村土地承包法等法律另有規(guī)定的,依照其規(guī)定。
Article 132    Where the contracted land is expropriated, the contractors for the right to land management shall be entitled to corresponding compensation in accordance with the provisions of  the second paragraph of Article 42 of this Law.
     第一百三十二條  承包地被征收的,土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)人有權(quán)依照本法第四十二條第二款的規(guī)定獲得相應(yīng)補(bǔ)償。
Article 133    Where a person enters into a contract for the right to rural land such as barren land through bidding, auction, open consultation or other means, his right to land contractual management may, in accordance with such laws as the Law on Land Contract in Rural Areas and the relevant regulations of the State Council, be circulated through transfer, pooling of rights as shares, mortgage or other means.
     第一百三十三條  通過招標(biāo)、拍賣、公開協(xié)商等方式承包荒地等農(nóng)村土地,依照農(nóng)村土地承包法等法律和國(guó)務(wù)院的有關(guān)規(guī)定,其土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)可以轉(zhuǎn)讓、入股、抵押或者以其他方式流轉(zhuǎn)。
Article 134    Where contractual management is applied to the land owned by the State which is used for agricultural purposes, the relevant provisions of this Law shall be followed mutatis mutandis.
     第一百三十四條  國(guó)家所有的農(nóng)用地實(shí)行承包經(jīng)營(yíng)的,參照本法的有關(guān)規(guī)定。
Chapter 12: The Right to the Use of Land for Construction
第十二章  建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)
Article 135    A person who enjoys the right to the use of land for construction shall, according to law, possess, use and benefit from the land owned by the State, and shall have the right to use the land for erecting buildings and structures and the facilities attached to them.
     第一百三十五條  建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)人依法對(duì)國(guó)家所有的土地享有占有、使用和收益的權(quán)利,有權(quán)利用該土地建造建筑物、構(gòu)筑物及其附屬設(shè)施。
Article 136    The right to the use of land for construction may be separately created on the surface, above or under the ground. The newly created right to the use of land for construction shall not infringe on the usufruct which has already been created thereon.
     第一百三十六條  建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)可以在土地的地表、地上或者地下分別設(shè)立。新設(shè)立的建設(shè)用地使用權(quán),不得損害已設(shè)立的用益物權(quán)。
Article 137    The right to the use of land for construction may be created by assignment, allocation or other means.
Where land is used for industrial, commercial, tourist or entertaining purposes, as commodity residences, or for other profit-making purposes, or there are two or more persons who are willing to use the same piece of land, the right to the use of land for construction shall be assigned through bid invitation, auction or other open bidding.
Creation of the right to the use of land for construction through allocation shall strictly be controlled. Creation of the right by such means shall be done in compliance with the provisions of laws and administrative regulations governing the purposes of use of land.
     第一百三十七條  設(shè)立建設(shè)用地使用權(quán),可以采取出讓或者劃撥等方式。
    工業(yè)、商業(yè)、旅游、娛樂和商品住宅等經(jīng)營(yíng)性用地以及同一土地有兩個(gè)以上意向用地者的,應(yīng)當(dāng)采取招標(biāo)、拍賣等公開競(jìng)價(jià)的方式出讓。
    嚴(yán)格限制以劃撥方式設(shè)立建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)。采取劃撥方式的,應(yīng)當(dāng)遵守法律、行政法規(guī)關(guān)于土地用途的規(guī)定。
Article 138    Where the right to the use of land for construction is created through bid invitation, auction, agreement or by other means of assignment, the parties shall enter into a contract for assigning the right to the use of land for construction in written form.
A contract for assigning the right to the use of land for construction generally contains the following particulars:
(1)  names and addresses of the parties;
(2)  the boundary and the area of the land;
(3)  the space occupied by the buildings and structures and the facilities attached to them;
(4)  purposes of use of land;
(5)  the period of time for use;
(6)  payment for the assigning and other fees, and the manners of payment; and
(7)  means for settlement of disputes.
     第一百三十八條  采取招標(biāo)、拍賣、協(xié)議等出讓方式設(shè)立建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)的,當(dāng)事人應(yīng)當(dāng)采取書面形式訂立建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)出讓合同。
    建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)出讓合同一般包括下列條款:
    (一)當(dāng)事人的名稱和住所;
    (二)土地界址、面積等;
    (三)建筑物、構(gòu)筑物及其附屬設(shè)施占用的空間;
    (四)土地用途;
    (五)使用期限;
    (六)出讓金等費(fèi)用及其支付方式;
    (七)解決爭(zhēng)議的方法。
Article 139    For creating the right to the use of land for construction, an application for registration of such right shall be made to the registration authority. The right to the use of land for construction shall be deemed to be created as of the time of registration. The registration authority shall issue to the person who is granted the right to the use of land for construction the certificate of the right to the use of land for construction.
     第一百三十九條  設(shè)立建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)的,應(yīng)當(dāng)向登記機(jī)構(gòu)申請(qǐng)建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)登記。建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)自登記時(shí)設(shè)立。登記機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)當(dāng)向建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)人發(fā)放建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)證書。
Article 140    Persons who enjoy the right to the use of land for construction shall make rational use of the land and shall not change the purposes of use of the land; if the purposes of use need to be changed, the matter shall be subject to approval by relevant administrative departments according to law.
     第一百四十條  建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)人應(yīng)當(dāng)合理利用土地,不得改變土地用途;需要改變土地用途的,應(yīng)當(dāng)依法經(jīng)有關(guān)行政主管部門批準(zhǔn)。
Article 141    The persons who enjoy the right to the use of land for construction shall, in accordance with the provisions of law and the stipulations in the contract, pay the expenses for assignment and other fees.
     第一百四十一條  建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)人應(yīng)當(dāng)依照法律規(guī)定以及合同約定支付出讓金等費(fèi)用。
Article 142    Ownership of the buildings and structures and the facilities attached to them that the person who enjoys the right to the use of land for construction has constructed belongs to the said person, unless there is evidence to prove the contrary.
     第一百四十二條  建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)人建造的建筑物、構(gòu)筑物及其附屬設(shè)施的所有權(quán)屬于建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)人,但有相反證據(jù)證明的除外。
Article 143    A person who enjoys the right to the use of land for construction shall have the right to transfer, exchange, offer as capital contributions, give as a gift or mortgage such right, except where otherwise provided for by law.
     第一百四十三條  建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)人有權(quán)將建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓、互換、出資、贈(zèng)與或者抵押,但法律另有規(guī)定的除外。
Article 144    Where the right to the use of land for construction is transferred, exchanged, offered as capital contributions, given as a gift or mortgaged, the parties shall enter into a contract in written form accordingly. The period of time for use shall be agreed upon by the parties, provided that the remaining period of time for the right to the use of land for construction is not exceeded.
     第一百四十四條  建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓、互換、出資、贈(zèng)與或者抵押的,當(dāng)事人應(yīng)當(dāng)采取書面形式訂立相應(yīng)的合同。使用期限由當(dāng)事人約定,但不得超過建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)的剩余期限。
Article 145    Where the right to the use of land for construction is to be transferred, exchanged, offered as capital contributions, or given as a gift, an application for alteration of registration shall be made to the registration authority.
     第一百四十五條  建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓、互換、出資或者贈(zèng)與的,應(yīng)當(dāng)向登記機(jī)構(gòu)申請(qǐng)變更登記。
Article 146    Where the right to the use of land for construction is transferred, exchanged, offered as capital contributions, or given as a gift, the buildings and structures and the facilities attached to them which are attached to the said land shall be disposed of along with it.
     第一百四十六條  建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓、互換、出資或者贈(zèng)與的,附著于該土地上的建筑物、構(gòu)筑物及其附屬設(shè)施一并處分。
Article 147    Where buildings and structures and the facilities attached to them are transferred, exchanged, offered as capital contributions, or given as a gift, the right to the use of the land for construction to which the said buildings and structures and facilities are attached shall be disposed of along with them.
     第一百四十七條  建筑物、構(gòu)筑物及其附屬設(shè)施轉(zhuǎn)讓、互換、出資或者贈(zèng)與的,該建筑物、構(gòu)筑物及其附屬設(shè)施占用范圍內(nèi)的建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)一并處分。
Article 148    Where, before the expiration of the period of time for the right to the use of land for construction, the land needs to be taken back for public interests, compensations for the houses and other immovables on the land shall be paid in accordance with the provisions of Article 42 of this Law, and the fees paid for assignment shall appropriately be returned.
     第一百四十八條  建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)期間屆滿前,因公共利益需要提前收回該土地的,應(yīng)當(dāng)依照本法第四十二條的規(guī)定對(duì)該土地上的房屋及其他不動(dòng)產(chǎn)給予補(bǔ)償,并退還相應(yīng)的出讓金。
Article 149    When the period of time for the right to the use of land for construction of residences expires, it shall automatically be renewed.
Renewal of the period of time for the right to the use of land for nonresidential construction shall be handled in accordance with the provisions of law. Ownership of the houses and other immovables on the said land shall be decided on according to the agreement reached; if there is no agreement or the agreement on the matter is indefinite, it shall be decided in accordance with the provisions of laws and administrative regulations.
     第一百四十九條  住宅建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)期間屆滿的,自動(dòng)續(xù)期。
    非住宅建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)期間屆滿后的續(xù)期,依照法律規(guī)定辦理。該土地上的房屋及其他不動(dòng)產(chǎn)的歸屬,有約定的,按照約定;沒有約定或者約定不明確的,依照法律、行政法規(guī)的規(guī)定辦理。
Article 150    When the right to the use of land for construction lapses, the assignor shall have his registration cancelled in time. The registration authority shall take back the certificate of the right to the use of land for construction.
     第一百五十條  建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)消滅的,出讓人應(yīng)當(dāng)及時(shí)辦理注銷登記。登記機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)當(dāng)收回建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)證書。
Article 151    Where land owned by the collective is to be used for construction purposes, the matter shall be handled according to the provisions of the Land Administration Law and of other laws
     第一百五十一條  集體所有的土地作為建設(shè)用地的,應(yīng)當(dāng)依照土地管理法等法律規(guī)定辦理。
Chapter 13: The Right to the Use of House Sites
第十三章  宅基地使用權(quán)
Article 152    Persons with the right to the use of house sites who, according to law, enjoy the right to possess and use the land owned by the collective, shall have the right to use the land for constructing residences and the facilities to be attached to them according to law.
     第一百五十二條  宅基地使用權(quán)人依法對(duì)集體所有的土地享有占有和使用的權(quán)利,有權(quán)依法利用該土地建造住宅及其附屬設(shè)施。
Article 153    Such laws as the Land Administration Law and the relevant State regulations shall be applicable to the obtaining, exercising and transferring of the right to the use of house sites.
     第一百五十三條  宅基地使用權(quán)的取得、行使和轉(zhuǎn)讓,適用土地管理法等法律和國(guó)家有關(guān)規(guī)定。
Article 154    When house sites disappear due to natural disasters or other reasons, the right to the use of the house sites extinguishes. New house sites shall be allocated to the villagers who lose their house sites.
     第一百五十四條  宅基地因自然災(zāi)害等原因滅失的,宅基地使用權(quán)消滅。對(duì)失去宅基地的村民,應(yīng)當(dāng)重新分配宅基地。
Article 155    When the registered right to the use of house sites is transferred or extinguishes, registration of the change or cancellation of registration shall be handled in a timely manner.
     第一百五十五條  已經(jīng)登記的宅基地使用權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓或者消滅的,應(yīng)當(dāng)及時(shí)辦理變更登記或者注銷登記。
Chapter 14: Easements
第十四章  地役權(quán)
Article 156    Easement holders shall, according to the stipulations in the contract, have the right to use another person's immovable property to get better results from his own immovables.
Another person's immovable property mentioned in the preceding paragraph is the servient estate, and one's own immovables are the dominant estate.
     第一百五十六條  地役權(quán)人有權(quán)按照合同約定,利用他人的不動(dòng)產(chǎn),以提高自己的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)的效益。
    前款所稱他人的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)為供役地,自己的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)為需役地。
Article 157    For creating an easement, the parties shall enter into a contract for easement in written form.
The contract for easement generally includes the following particulars:
(1)  names or titles, and domiciles of the parties;
(2)  locations of the servient estate and the dominant estate;
(3)  purposes and means of use;
(4)  the period of time for use;
(5)  fees and the manner of payment; and
(6)  means to be used for settling disputes.
     第一百五十七條  設(shè)立地役權(quán),當(dāng)事人應(yīng)當(dāng)采取書面形式訂立地役權(quán)合同。
    地役權(quán)合同一般包括下列條款:
    (一)當(dāng)事人的姓名或者名稱和住所;
    (二)供役地和需役地的位置;
    (三)利用目的和方法;
    (四)利用期限;
    (五)費(fèi)用及其支付方式;
    (六)解決爭(zhēng)議的方法。
Article 158    An easement is created as of the time when the easement contract becomes valid. If the parties request registration, they may apply to the registration authority for registration of easement. Where the registration is lacking, such right may not be used against a bona fide third party.
     第一百五十八條  地役權(quán)自地役權(quán)合同生效時(shí)設(shè)立。當(dāng)事人要求登記的,可以向登記機(jī)構(gòu)申請(qǐng)地役權(quán)登記;未經(jīng)登記,不得對(duì)抗善意第三人。
Article 159    The obligee of the servient estate shall, according to what is stipulated in the contract, allow the easement holder to use his land and shall not obstruct the latter from exercising his right.
     第一百五十九條  供役地權(quán)利人應(yīng)當(dāng)按照合同約定,允許地役權(quán)人利用其土地,不得妨害地役權(quán)人行使權(quán)利。
Article 160    The easement holder shall use the servient estate in conformity with the purposes and means of use as agreed upon in the contract and to lighten as much as possible the restrictions on the property right of the obligee of the servient estate.
     第一百六十條  地役權(quán)人應(yīng)當(dāng)按照合同約定的利用目的和方法利用供役地,盡量減少對(duì)供役地權(quán)利人物權(quán)的限制。
Article 161    The period of time for an easement shall be agreed upon by the parties, provided that it does not exceed the remaining period for usufructs, such as the right to land contractual management and the right to the use of the land for construction.
     第一百六十一條  地役權(quán)的期限由當(dāng)事人約定,但不得超過土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)、建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)等用益物權(quán)的剩余期限。
Article 162    When the owner of a piece of land who enjoys, or is encumbered with an easement creates a right on the right to land contractual management or the right to the use of house sites, the contractor for the right to land contractual management or the user of the house sites shall continue to enjoy or be encumbered with the created easement.
     第一百六十二條  土地所有權(quán)人享有地役權(quán)或者負(fù)擔(dān)地役權(quán)的,設(shè)立土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)、宅基地使用權(quán)時(shí),該土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)人、宅基地使用權(quán)人繼續(xù)享有或者負(fù)擔(dān)已設(shè)立的地役權(quán)。
Article 163    If on a piece of land is already created the right to land contractual management, the right to the use of the land for construction or the right to the use of house sites, etc., the owner of the piece of land shall not create any easement without the consent of the usufructuary.
     第一百六十三條  土地上已設(shè)立土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)、建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)、宅基地使用權(quán)等權(quán)利的,未經(jīng)用益物權(quán)人同意,土地所有權(quán)人不得設(shè)立地役權(quán)。
Article 164    An easement shall not be transferred separately. When the right to land contractual management or the right to the use of land for construction is transferred, the easement shall be transferred along with it, unless the contract stipulates otherwise.
     第一百六十四條  地役權(quán)不得單獨(dú)轉(zhuǎn)讓。土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)、建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)等轉(zhuǎn)讓的,地役權(quán)一并轉(zhuǎn)讓,但合同另有約定的除外。
Article 165    An easement shall not be mortgaged separately. If the right to land contractual management or the right to the use of land for construction is mortgaged, the easement shall be transferred along with it at the time when the mortgage interest is enforced.
     第一百六十五條  地役權(quán)不得單獨(dú)抵押。土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)、建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)等抵押的,在實(shí)現(xiàn)抵押權(quán)時(shí),地役權(quán)一并轉(zhuǎn)讓。
Article 166    When the dominant estate and part of the right to land contractual management or of the right to the use of land for construction thereon are transferred, if the part to be transferred involves easement, the transferee shall concurrently enjoy the easement.
     第一百六十六條  需役地以及需役地上的土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)、建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)部分轉(zhuǎn)讓時(shí),轉(zhuǎn)讓部分涉及地役權(quán)的,受讓人同時(shí)享有地役權(quán)。
Article 167    When the servient estate and part of the right to land contractual management or of the right to the use of land for construction thereon are transferred, if the part to be transferred involves easements, the easements shall be binding to the transferee.
     第一百六十七條  供役地以及供役地上的土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)、建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)部分轉(zhuǎn)讓時(shí),轉(zhuǎn)讓部分涉及地役權(quán)的,地役權(quán)對(duì)受讓人具有約束力。
Article 168    If an easement holder is under any of the following circumstances, the obligee of the servient estate shall have the right to terminate the easement contract, and the easement extinguishes:
(1) abusing the easement in violation of the provisions of law or the contract; or
(2)  in the case of compensated use of the servient estate, at the expiration of the duration for payment as is agreed upon, failing to pay the fees after two exigents are given within a reasonable time limit.
     第一百六十八條  地役權(quán)人有下列情形之一的,供役地權(quán)利人有權(quán)解除地役權(quán)合同,地役權(quán)消滅:
    (一)違反法律規(guī)定或者合同約定,濫用地役權(quán);
    (二)有償利用供役地,約定的付款期間屆滿后在合理期限內(nèi)經(jīng)兩次催告未支付費(fèi)用。
Article 169    If a registered easement is altered, transferred or extinguishes, the alteration shall be registered or cancelled in a timely manner.
     第一百六十九條  已經(jīng)登記的地役權(quán)變更、轉(zhuǎn)讓或者消滅的,應(yīng)當(dāng)及時(shí)辦理變更登記或者注銷登記。
Part 4: Security Interest in Property
Chapter 15: General Stipulations
第四編  擔(dān)保物權(quán)
第十五章  一般規(guī)定
Article 170    Unless otherwise stipulated by law, the holder of security interests shall have the priority in having his claim paid if a debtor defaults or if the conditions for enforcement of the said interests, as agreed upon by the parties concerned, arise.
     第一百七十條  擔(dān)保物權(quán)人在債務(wù)人不履行到期債務(wù)或者發(fā)生當(dāng)事人約定的實(shí)現(xiàn)擔(dān)保物權(quán)的情形,依法享有就擔(dān)保財(cái)產(chǎn)優(yōu)先受償?shù)臋?quán)利,但法律另有規(guī)定的除外。
Article 171    Where, in the making of loans, in business transactions or other civil activities, a creditor needs a guarantee to have his claim honored, a security interest may be created in accordance with the provisions of this Law and other laws.
Where a third party provides a guarantee to a creditor for a debtor, the third party may require the debtor to provide him with a counter-guarantee. The relevant provisions of this Law and other laws shall be applicable to counter-guarantee.
     第一百七十一條  債權(quán)人在借貸、買賣等民事活動(dòng)中,為保障實(shí)現(xiàn)其債權(quán),需要擔(dān)保的,可以依照本法和其他法律的規(guī)定設(shè)立擔(dān)保物權(quán)。
    第三人為債務(wù)人向債權(quán)人提供擔(dān)保的,可以要求債務(wù)人提供反擔(dān)保。反擔(dān)保適用本法和其他法律的規(guī)定。
Article 172    For creation of a security interest, a guarantee contract shall be concluded in accordance with the provisions of this Law and other laws. A guarantee contract is an ancillary contract of the principal claim-debt contract. When the principal claim-debt contract is null and void, the guarantee contract shall be null and void accordingly, unless otherwise provided for by law.
After it is confirmed that a guarantee contract is nullified, the debtor, the guarantor and the creditor who are in fault shall, on the merits of each case, bear civil liability respectively.
     第一百七十二條  設(shè)立擔(dān)保物權(quán),應(yīng)當(dāng)依照本法和其他法律的規(guī)定訂立擔(dān)保合同。擔(dān)保合同是主債權(quán)債務(wù)合同的從合同。主債權(quán)債務(wù)合同無效,擔(dān)保合同無效,但法律另有規(guī)定的除外。
    擔(dān)保合同被確認(rèn)無效后,債務(wù)人、擔(dān)保人、債權(quán)人有過錯(cuò)的,應(yīng)當(dāng)根據(jù)其過錯(cuò)各自承擔(dān)相應(yīng)的民事責(zé)任。
Article 173    The scope of security interest embraces the principal creditor's right and the interest therefrom, penalty, damages and expenses for safekeeping of the property used as security and for enforcing security interest. Where the parties concerned agree otherwise, their agreement shall prevail.
     第一百七十三條  擔(dān)保物權(quán)的擔(dān)保范圍包括主債權(quán)及其利息、違約金、損害賠償金、保管擔(dān)保財(cái)產(chǎn)和實(shí)現(xiàn)擔(dān)保物權(quán)的費(fèi)用。當(dāng)事人另有約定的,按照約定。
Article 174    In case of damage or destruction, loss or requisition of the mortgaged property during the period of guarantee, the holder of the security interest shall have priority in having his claim paid with the insurance monies, compensations or indemnities. The holder of security interest may also have the insurance monies, compensation payment or indemnities deposited with a third party before the time limit for payment of the guaranteed claim expires.
     第一百七十四條  擔(dān)保期間,擔(dān)保財(cái)產(chǎn)毀損、滅失或者被征收等,擔(dān)保物權(quán)人可以就獲得的保險(xiǎn)金、賠償金或者補(bǔ)償金等優(yōu)先受償。被擔(dān)保債權(quán)的履行期未屆滿的,也可以提存該保險(xiǎn)金、賠償金或者補(bǔ)償金等。
Article 175    Where a guarantee is provided by a third party, if the creditor permits the debtor to transfer part or all of his debts without the consent of the third party in written form, the guarantor shall not undertake the corresponding suretyship liability.
     第一百七十五條  第三人提供擔(dān)保,未經(jīng)其書面同意,債權(quán)人允許債務(wù)人轉(zhuǎn)移全部或者部分債務(wù)的,擔(dān)保人不再承擔(dān)相應(yīng)的擔(dān)保責(zé)任。
Article 176    Where both security and suretyship are provided to guarantee for the same claim, the creditor shall have his claim paid as agreed upon, if the debtor defaults or the conditions for enforcement of the interest, as agreed upon by the parties concerned, arise; where there is no such agreement or the agreement is indefinite in this respect, if the debtor himself provides property as security, the creditor shall have his claim paid with such property first; where a third party provides property as security, the creditor may either have his claim paid with such property or request the guarantor to undertake the suretyship. After the third party has borne the suretyship, he shall have the right of recourse against the debtor.
     第一百七十六條  被擔(dān)保的債權(quán)既有物的擔(dān)保又有人的擔(dān)保的,債務(wù)人不履行到期債務(wù)或者發(fā)生當(dāng)事人約定的實(shí)現(xiàn)擔(dān)保物權(quán)的情形,債權(quán)人應(yīng)當(dāng)按照約定實(shí)現(xiàn)債權(quán);沒有約定或者約定不明確,債務(wù)人自己提供物的擔(dān)保的,債權(quán)人應(yīng)當(dāng)先就該物的擔(dān)保實(shí)現(xiàn)債權(quán);第三人提供物的擔(dān)保的,債權(quán)人可以就物的擔(dān)保實(shí)現(xiàn)債權(quán),也可以要求保證人承擔(dān)保證責(zé)任。提供擔(dān)保的第三人承擔(dān)擔(dān)保責(zé)任后,有權(quán)向債務(wù)人追償。
Article 177    The security interest shall extinguish under one of following circumstances:
(1) The principal claim extinguishes;
(2) The security interest is enforced;
(3) The creditor waives the security interest; or
(4) Other circumstances provided for by law under which the security interest extinguishes. 
     第一百七十七條  有下列情形之一的,擔(dān)保物權(quán)消滅:
    (一)主債權(quán)消滅;
    (二)擔(dān)保物權(quán)實(shí)現(xiàn);
    (三)債權(quán)人放棄擔(dān)保物權(quán);
    (四)法律規(guī)定擔(dān)保物權(quán)消滅的其他情形。
Article 178    In case of any inconsistencies between the provisions of the Guarantee Law and of this Law, those of this Law shall prevail.
     第一百七十八條  擔(dān)保法與本法的規(guī)定不一致的,適用本法。
Chapter 16: Interests Obtained from Mortgage
Section 1: General Interest Obtained form Mortgage
第十六章  抵押權(quán)
第一節(jié)  一般抵押權(quán)
Article 179    Where a debtor or a third party, for guaranteeing the payment of debts, mortgages property to a creditor instead of transferring of the possession of such property, if the debtor defaults or the conditions for enforcement of the interest, as agreed upon by the parties concerned, arise, the creditor shall have priority in having his claim paid with the property.
The debtor or the third party specified in the preceding paragraph is the mortgagor, the creditor specified there is the mortgagee, and the property used as security is mortgaged property.
     第一百七十九條  為擔(dān)保債務(wù)的履行,債務(wù)人或者第三人不轉(zhuǎn)移財(cái)產(chǎn)的占有,將該財(cái)產(chǎn)抵押給債權(quán)人的,債務(wù)人不履行到期債務(wù)或者發(fā)生當(dāng)事人約定的實(shí)現(xiàn)抵押權(quán)的情形,債權(quán)人有權(quán)就該財(cái)產(chǎn)優(yōu)先受償。
    前款規(guī)定的債務(wù)人或者第三人為抵押人,債權(quán)人為抵押權(quán)人,提供擔(dān)保的財(cái)產(chǎn)為抵押財(cái)產(chǎn)。
Article 180    The following property which the debtor or the third party is entitled to dispose of may be mortgaged:
(1) buildings and other attachments on the ground;
(2) the right to the use of land for construction;
(3) the contractual management right to barren land, etc. obtained through bidding, auction, open consultation or other means;
(4) production equipment, raw and semi-finished materials, semi-finished products and finished products;
(5) buildings, vessels and aircraft under construction;
(6) means of transportation; and
(7) other property that is not prohibited from being mortgaged by laws or administrative regulations.
A mortgagor may mortgage all the property specified in the preceding paragraph at the same time.
     第一百八十條  債務(wù)人或者第三人有權(quán)處分的下列財(cái)產(chǎn)可以抵押:
    (一)建筑物和其他土地附著物;
    (二)建設(shè)用地使用權(quán);
    (三)以招標(biāo)、拍賣、公開協(xié)商等方式取得的荒地等土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán);
    (四)生產(chǎn)設(shè)備、原材料、半成品、產(chǎn)品;
    (五)正在建造的建筑物、船舶、航空器;
    (六)交通運(yùn)輸工具;
    (七)法律、行政法規(guī)未禁止抵押的其他財(cái)產(chǎn)。
    抵押人可以將前款所列財(cái)產(chǎn)一并抵押。
Article 181    Subject to written agreement between the parties, enterprises, self-employed industrial and commercial households and agricultural producers and distributors may mortgage their existing and anticipated production equipment, raw and semi-finished materials, semi-finished products and finished products, and if the debtor defaults or the conditions for enforcement of the interest, as agreed upon by the parties concerned, arise, the creditor shall have priority in having his claim paid with the movables. 
     第一百八十一條  經(jīng)當(dāng)事人書面協(xié)議,企業(yè)、個(gè)體工商戶、農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)者可以將現(xiàn)有的以及將有的生產(chǎn)設(shè)備、原材料、半成品、產(chǎn)品抵押,債務(wù)人不履行到期債務(wù)或者發(fā)生當(dāng)事人約定的實(shí)現(xiàn)抵押權(quán)的情形,債權(quán)人有權(quán)就實(shí)現(xiàn)抵押權(quán)時(shí)的動(dòng)產(chǎn)優(yōu)先受償。
Article 182    Where a building is mortgaged, the right to the use of the land for construction within the area occupied by the building shall be mortgaged along with the building. Where the right to the use of the land for construction is mortgaged, the buildings on the land shall be mortgaged along with that right.
If the mortgagor fails to comply with what is provided for in the preceding paragraph, the property not mortgaged shall be deemed to be mortgaged along with what is mortgaged.
     第一百八十二條  以建筑物抵押的,該建筑物占用范圍內(nèi)的建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)一并抵押。以建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)抵押的,該土地上的建筑物一并抵押。
    抵押人未依照前款規(guī)定一并抵押的,未抵押的財(cái)產(chǎn)視為一并抵押。
Article 183    The right to the use of the land for construction enjoyed by a town (township) or village enterprise may not be mortgaged separately. Where workshops and other buildings of a town (township) or village enterprise are mortgaged, the right to the use of the land for construction within the area occupied by the workshops or other buildings shall be mortgaged along with the workshops and other buildings.
     第一百八十三條  鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)、村企業(yè)的建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)不得單獨(dú)抵押。以鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)、村企業(yè)的廠房等建筑物抵押的,其占用范圍內(nèi)的建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)一并抵押。
Article 184    The following property may not be mortgaged:
(1) land ownership;
(2) the right to the use of the land owned by the collective, such as cultivated land, house sites, private plots and private hills, except where otherwise provided for by law;
(3) educational facilities, medical and health facilities and other public welfare facilities of undertakings for public welfare, such as schools, kindergartens and hospitals and public organizations;
(4) property the ownership or right to the use of which is indefinite or controversial;
(5) property sealed up, distrained or placed under custody in accordance with law; and
(6) other property which may not be mortgaged as prescribed by laws and administrative regulations.
     第一百八十四條  下列財(cái)產(chǎn)不得抵押:
    (一)土地所有權(quán);
    (二)耕地、宅基地、自留地、自留山等集體所有的土地使用權(quán),但法律規(guī)定可以抵押的除外;
    (三)學(xué)校、幼兒園、醫(yī)院等以公益為目的的事業(yè)單位、社會(huì)團(tuán)體的教育設(shè)施、醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生設(shè)施和其他社會(huì)公益設(shè)施;
    (四)所有權(quán)、使用權(quán)不明或者有爭(zhēng)議的財(cái)產(chǎn);
    (五)依法被查封、扣押、監(jiān)管的財(cái)產(chǎn);
    (六)法律、行政法規(guī)規(guī)定不得抵押的其他財(cái)產(chǎn)。
Article 185    To create a mortgage interest, the parties concerned shall conclude a mortgage contract in written form.
A mortgage contract generally includes the following particulars:
(1) the kind and amount of claims secured;
(2) the time limit for the debtor to repay the debt;
(3) the name, quantity, quality, conditions, location or attribution of the ownership or the right to the use, of the mortgaged property; and
(4) the scope of security interest. 
     第一百八十五條  設(shè)立抵押權(quán),當(dāng)事人應(yīng)當(dāng)采取書面形式訂立抵押合同。
    抵押合同一般包括下列條款:
    (一)被擔(dān)保債權(quán)的種類和數(shù)額;
    (二)債務(wù)人履行債務(wù)的期限;
    (三)抵押財(cái)產(chǎn)的名稱、數(shù)量、質(zhì)量、狀況、所在地、所有權(quán)歸屬或者使用權(quán)歸屬;
    (四)擔(dān)保的范圍。
Article 186    Before maturity of the debts, the mortgagee may not enter into an agreement with the mortgagor that the mortgaged property shall come under the ownership of the creditor when the debtor defaults.
     第一百八十六條  抵押權(quán)人在債務(wù)履行期屆滿前,不得與抵押人約定債務(wù)人不履行到期債務(wù)時(shí)抵押財(cái)產(chǎn)歸債權(quán)人所有。
Article 187    Where the property specified in Subparagraphs (1), (2) and (3), or the buildings under construction specified in Subparagraph (5), under the first paragraph of Article 180 of this Law are mortgaged, such mortgage shall be registered. The mortgage interest is created as of the date of registration.
     第一百八十七條  以本法第一百八十條第一款第一項(xiàng)至第三項(xiàng)規(guī)定的財(cái)產(chǎn)或者第五項(xiàng)規(guī)定的正在建造的建筑物抵押的,應(yīng)當(dāng)辦理抵押登記。抵押權(quán)自登記時(shí)設(shè)立。
Article 188    Where the property specified in Subparagraphs (4), (5) and (6), or the vessels and aircraft under construction specified in Subparagraph (5), under the first paragraph of Article 180 of this Law are mortgaged, the mortgage interest is created at the time when the mortgage contract becomes valid; if the mortgage interest is not registered, it shall not be used against a bona fide third party.
     第一百八十八條  以本法第一百八十條第一款第四項(xiàng)、第六項(xiàng)規(guī)定的財(cái)產(chǎn)或者第五項(xiàng)規(guī)定的正在建造的船舶、航空器抵押的,抵押權(quán)自抵押合同生效時(shí)設(shè)立;未經(jīng)登記,不得對(duì)抗善意第三人。
Article 189    Where an enterprise, a self-employed industrial or commercial household, or an agricultural producer or distributor mortgages movable property specified in Article 181 of this Law, it shall register with the administration department for industry and commerce at the place where the domicile of the mortgagor is located. The mortgage interest shall be created at the time when the mortgage contract becomes valid; if such interest is not registered, it shall not be used against a bona fide third party.
Where a mortgage is made in accordance with the provisions of Article 181 of this Law, it shall not be used against the buyer who has paid reasonable price and obtained the mortgaged property in the ordinary course of business operations.
     第一百八十九條  企業(yè)、個(gè)體工商戶、農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)者以本法第一百八十一條規(guī)定的動(dòng)產(chǎn)抵押的,應(yīng)當(dāng)向抵押人住所地的工商行政管理部門辦理登記。抵押權(quán)自抵押合同生效時(shí)設(shè)立;未經(jīng)登記,不得對(duì)抗善意第三人。
    依照本法第一百八十一條規(guī)定抵押的,不得對(duì)抗正常經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)中已支付合理價(jià)款并取得抵押財(cái)產(chǎn)的買受人。
Article 190    If a mortgagor leases the mortgaged property before the mortgage contract is concluded, the previously established leasing relation shall not be affected. If a mortgagor leases the mortgaged property after the creation of the mortgage interest, the leasing relation may not be used against the registered mortgage interest.
     第一百九十條  訂立抵押合同前抵押財(cái)產(chǎn)已出租的,原租賃關(guān)系不受該抵押權(quán)的影響。抵押權(quán)設(shè)立后抵押財(cái)產(chǎn)出租的,該租賃關(guān)系不得對(duì)抗已登記的抵押權(quán)。
Article 191    If a mortgagor transfers the mortgaged property with the consent of the mortgagee during the period of mortgage, the proceeds which the mortgagor obtains from the transfer of the mortgaged property shall in advance be used to settle the claim secured by the mortgagee or be deposited with a third party. If the proceeds obtained from the transfer exceed the secured claim, the balance shall go to the mortgagor; if the proceeds is insufficient to cover the claim, the uncovered part shall be paid by the debtor. 
The mortgagor may not transfer the mortgaged property without the consent of the mortgagee during the period of mortgage, unless the transferee pays off the debts for the mortgagor and thus the mortgage interest extinguishes.
     第一百九十一條  抵押期間,抵押人經(jīng)抵押權(quán)人同意轉(zhuǎn)讓抵押財(cái)產(chǎn)的,應(yīng)當(dāng)將轉(zhuǎn)讓所得的價(jià)款向抵押權(quán)人提前清償債務(wù)或者提存。轉(zhuǎn)讓的價(jià)款超過債權(quán)數(shù)額的部分歸抵押人所有,不足部分由債務(wù)人清償。
    抵押期間,抵押人未經(jīng)抵押權(quán)人同意,不得轉(zhuǎn)讓抵押財(cái)產(chǎn),但受讓人代為清償債務(wù)消滅抵押權(quán)的除外。
Article 192    The mortgage interest may not be separated from the claim to be transferred independently, or to be used to secure another claim. If the claim is transferred, the interest of mortgage shall be transferred along with it, unless otherwise provided for by law or agreed upon by the parties.
     第一百九十二條  抵押權(quán)不得與債權(quán)分離而單獨(dú)轉(zhuǎn)讓或者作為其他債權(quán)的擔(dān)保。債權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓的,擔(dān)保該債權(quán)的抵押權(quán)一并轉(zhuǎn)讓,但法律另有規(guī)定或者當(dāng)事人另有約定的除外。
Article 193    Where a mortgagor acts in such a way as to cause depreciation of the mortgaged property, the mortgagee shall have the right to demand that the mortgagor cease and desist from such act. Where the value of the mortgaged property depreciates, the mortgagee shall have the right to demand that the mortgagor restore the original value of the mortgaged property or provide security corresponding to the amount of the value reduced. Where a mortgagor fails to restore the original value of the mortgaged property or provide corresponding security, the mortgagee shall have the right to demand the debtor to settle the claim in advance.
     第一百九十三條  抵押人的行為足以使抵押財(cái)產(chǎn)價(jià)值減少的,抵押權(quán)人有權(quán)要求抵押人停止其行為。抵押財(cái)產(chǎn)價(jià)值減少的,抵押權(quán)人有權(quán)要求恢復(fù)抵押財(cái)產(chǎn)的價(jià)值,或者提供與減少的價(jià)值相應(yīng)的擔(dān)保。抵押人不恢復(fù)抵押財(cái)產(chǎn)的價(jià)值也不提供擔(dān)保的,抵押權(quán)人有權(quán)要求債務(wù)人提前清償債務(wù)。
Article 194    A mortgagee may waive his mortgage interest or his place in the order of mortgage interest. A mortgagee and a mortgagor may, upon agreement, change the place in the order of the mortgage interest, the amount of secured claims, etc., provided that such a change, without the written consent of other mortgagees, shall not have an adverse effect on other mortgagees.
Where a debtor uses his own property for mortgage, if a mortgagee waives his mortgage interest or his place in the order of the mortgage interest or makes changes in respect of his mortgage interest, other guarantors shall be exempted from the suretyship to the extent that the mortgagee forfeits his rights and interests in terms of the priority in being paid off, unless the said guarantors are still committed to the suretyship.
     第一百九十四條  抵押權(quán)人可以放棄抵押權(quán)或者抵押權(quán)的順位。抵押權(quán)人與抵押人可以協(xié)議變更抵押權(quán)順位以及被擔(dān)保的債權(quán)數(shù)額等內(nèi)容,但抵押權(quán)的變更,未經(jīng)其他抵押權(quán)人書面同意,不得對(duì)其他抵押權(quán)人產(chǎn)生不利影響。
    債務(wù)人以自己的財(cái)產(chǎn)設(shè)定抵押,抵押權(quán)人放棄該抵押權(quán)、抵押權(quán)順位或者變更抵押權(quán)的,其他擔(dān)保人在抵押權(quán)人喪失優(yōu)先受償權(quán)益的范圍內(nèi)免除擔(dān)保責(zé)任,但其他擔(dān)保人承諾仍然提供擔(dān)保的除外。
Article 195    Where the debtor defaults or the conditions for enforcement of the mortgage interest thereof, as agreed upon by the parties concerned, arise, the mortgagee may enter into an agreement with the mortgagor that he be given the priority in being paid with the money into which the mortgaged property is converted or the proceeds obtained from auction or sale of the property. If such agreement undermines the interests of other creditors, they may apply to the people's court for cancellation of the agreement within one year from the date they come to know or should have known the cause for cancellation.
If the mortgagee and mortgagor fail to reach an agreement on the means of enforcing the mortgage interest, the mortgagee may apply to the people's court for auction or sale of the mortgaged property.
The mortgaged property shall be converted into money or be sold off by referring to its market price.
     第一百九十五條  債務(wù)人不履行到期債務(wù)或者發(fā)生當(dāng)事人約定的實(shí)現(xiàn)抵押權(quán)的情形,抵押權(quán)人可以與抵押人協(xié)議以抵押財(cái)產(chǎn)折價(jià)或者以拍賣、變賣該抵押財(cái)產(chǎn)所得的價(jià)款優(yōu)先受償。協(xié)議損害其他債權(quán)人利益的,其他債權(quán)人可以在知道或者應(yīng)當(dāng)知道撤銷事由之日起一年內(nèi)請(qǐng)求人民法院撤銷該協(xié)議。
    抵押權(quán)人與抵押人未就抵押權(quán)實(shí)現(xiàn)方式達(dá)成協(xié)議的,抵押權(quán)人可以請(qǐng)求人民法院拍賣、變賣抵押財(cái)產(chǎn)。
    抵押財(cái)產(chǎn)折價(jià)或者變賣的,應(yīng)當(dāng)參照市場(chǎng)價(jià)格。
Article 196    Where a mortgage interest is created in accordance with the provisions of Article 181 of this Law, the mortgaged property shall be established when one of the following circumstances arises:
(1) The debts are not paid when they fall due;
(2) The mortgagor is declared bankrupt or is dissolved;
(3) The conditions for enforcement of the mortgage interest, as agreed upon by the parties concerned, arise; or
(4) Other circumstances arise which may seriously affect the enforcement of the claim.
     第一百九十六條  依照本法第一百八十一條規(guī)定設(shè)定抵押的,抵押財(cái)產(chǎn)自下列情形之一發(fā)生時(shí)確定:
    (一)債務(wù)履行期屆滿,債權(quán)未實(shí)現(xiàn);
    (二)抵押人被宣告破產(chǎn)或者被撤銷;
    (三)當(dāng)事人約定的實(shí)現(xiàn)抵押權(quán)的情形;
    (四)嚴(yán)重影響債權(quán)實(shí)現(xiàn)的其他情形。
Article 197    If the mortgaged property is seized by a people's court according to law because the debtor defaults or the conditions for enforcement of the interest, as agreed upon by the parties concerned, arise, the mortgagee shall, from the date of the seizure, have the right to collect the natural or statutory fruits accrued from the mortgaged property, except where the mortgagee fails to notify the person who is obliged to pay the statutory fruits.
The fruits mentioned in the preceding paragraph shall first be used to pay off the expenses for collecting such fruits.
     第一百九十七條  債務(wù)人不履行到期債務(wù)或者發(fā)生當(dāng)事人約定的實(shí)現(xiàn)抵押權(quán)的情形,致使抵押財(cái)產(chǎn)被人民法院依法扣押的,自扣押之日起抵押權(quán)人有權(quán)收取該抵押財(cái)產(chǎn)的天然孳息或者法定孳息,但抵押權(quán)人未通知應(yīng)當(dāng)清償法定孳息的義務(wù)人的除外。
    前款規(guī)定的孳息應(yīng)當(dāng)先充抵收取孳息的費(fèi)用。
Article 198    If the proceeds obtained from conversion into money or from auction or sale of mortgaged property exceed the amount of a claim, the balance shall go to the mortgagor; and if the proceeds are insufficient to cover the claim, the uncovered part shall be paid by the debtor.
     第一百九十八條  抵押財(cái)產(chǎn)折價(jià)或者拍賣、變賣后,其價(jià)款超過債權(quán)數(shù)額的部分歸抵押人所有,不足部分由債務(wù)人清償。
Article 199    Where a piece of property is mortgaged to two or more creditors, the proceeds from auction or sale of the mortgaged property shall be used for liquidation according to the following provisions:
(1) Where the mortgage interest is registered, the liquidation shall be made in the order of the registration of the mortgage interest; if the order of registration is the same, liquidation of the claims shall be made on a pro rata basis;
(2) The claim secured by a registered mortgage interest shall be satisfied prior to the unregistered ones; and
(3) Liquidation of unregistered mortgage interests shall be made on a pro rata basis in respect of the claims. 
     第一百九十九條  同一財(cái)產(chǎn)向兩個(gè)以上債權(quán)人抵押的,拍賣、變賣抵押財(cái)產(chǎn)所得的價(jià)款依照下列規(guī)定清償:
    (一)抵押權(quán)已登記的,按照登記的先后順序清償;順序相同的,按照債權(quán)比例清償;
    (二)抵押權(quán)已登記的先于未登記的受償;
    (三)抵押權(quán)未登記的,按照債權(quán)比例清償。
Article 200    After the right to the use of land for construction is mortgaged, the buildings erected thereafter are not mortgaged property. Where the said land use right is used to satisfy the mortgage interest, the newly-erected buildings on the land shall be disposed of together with the land use right; however, the mortgagee shall have no priority in having his claim paid with the proceeds from the said buildings.
     第二百條  建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)抵押后,該土地上新增的建筑物不屬于抵押財(cái)產(chǎn)。該建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)實(shí)現(xiàn)抵押權(quán)時(shí),應(yīng)當(dāng)將該土地上新增的建筑物與建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)一并處分,但新增建筑物所得的價(jià)款,抵押權(quán)人無權(quán)優(yōu)先受償。
Article 201    Where the right to land contractual management is mortgaged, as specified in Subparagraph (3) under the first paragraph of Article 180 of this Law, or the right to the use of land for construction within the area occupied by the workshops and other buildings of a town (township) or village enterprise is mortgaged along with the workshops or other buildings, as specified in Article 183 of this Law, the nature of ownership and the purpose of use of the land may not be altered without going through the statutory procedure after the enforcement of the mortgage interests thereon.
     第二百零一條  依照本法第一百八十條第一款第三項(xiàng)規(guī)定的土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)抵押的,或者依照本法第一百八十三條規(guī)定以鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)、村企業(yè)的廠房等建筑物占用范圍內(nèi)的建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)一并抵押的,實(shí)現(xiàn)抵押權(quán)后,未經(jīng)法定程序,不得改變土地所有權(quán)的性質(zhì)和土地用途。
Article 202    The mortgagee shall exercise his mortgage interest within the limitation provided for action of the principal claim; if he fails to do so, the people's court shall not provide protection in this respect .
     第二百零二條  抵押權(quán)人應(yīng)當(dāng)在主債權(quán)訴訟時(shí)效期間行使抵押權(quán);未行使的,人民法院不予保護(hù)。
Section 2: Maximum Mortgage Interest
第二節(jié)  最高額抵押權(quán)
Article 203    Where a debtor or a third party provides security for the debts to be incurred consecutively within a given period of time, if the debtor defaults or the conditions for enforcement of the mortgage interest, as agreed upon by the parties concerned, arise, the mortgagee shall have the priority in having his claims paid with the security to the extent of the maximum amount of the claims.
A claim that exists before the creation of the maximum mortgage interest may, with consent of the parties, be included in the claims secured by the maximum amount of mortgage.
     第二百零三條  為擔(dān)保債務(wù)的履行,債務(wù)人或者第三人對(duì)一定期間內(nèi)將要連續(xù)發(fā)生的債權(quán)提供擔(dān)保財(cái)產(chǎn)的,債務(wù)人不履行到期債務(wù)或者發(fā)生當(dāng)事人約定的實(shí)現(xiàn)抵押權(quán)的情形,抵押權(quán)人有權(quán)在最高債權(quán)額限度內(nèi)就該擔(dān)保財(cái)產(chǎn)優(yōu)先受償。
    最高額抵押權(quán)設(shè)立前已經(jīng)存在的債權(quán),經(jīng)當(dāng)事人同意,可以轉(zhuǎn)入最高額抵押擔(dān)保的債權(quán)范圍。
Article 204    Where, before the claims secured by the maximum amount of mortgage are established, part of the claims is transferred, the maximum amount of the mortgage interest may not be transferred along, unless otherwise agreed upon by the parties.
     第二百零四條  最高額抵押擔(dān)保的債權(quán)確定前,部分債權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓的,最高額抵押權(quán)不得轉(zhuǎn)讓,但當(dāng)事人另有約定的除外。
Article 205    Before the claims secured by the maximum amount of mortgage are established, the mortgagee and the mortgagor may alter the term, scope and maximum amount of the claims through agreement, provided that such alteration shall not have any adverse effect on the other mortgagees. 
     第二百零五條  最高額抵押擔(dān)保的債權(quán)確定前,抵押權(quán)人與抵押人可以通過協(xié)議變更債權(quán)確定的期間、債權(quán)范圍以及最高債權(quán)額,但變更的內(nèi)容不得對(duì)其他抵押權(quán)人產(chǎn)生不利影響。
Article 206    The claim of the mortgagee is established under one of the following circumstances:
(1) The agreed term for establishment of the claim expires;
(2) In the absence of a definitely agreed term for establishing the claim or the term agreed upon is indefinite, the mortgagee or the mortgagor requests establishment of the claim after the lapse of two years calculated from the date of creation of the maximum mortgage interest;
(3) No new claim is likely to be created;
(4) The mortgaged property is sealed up or distrained;
(5) The debtor or the mortgagor is declared bankrupt or is dissolved; or
(6) Other circumstances provided by law under which a claim is established.
     第二百零六條  有下列情形之一的,抵押權(quán)人的債權(quán)確定:
    (一)約定的債權(quán)確定期間屆滿;
    (二)沒有約定債權(quán)確定期間或者約定不明確,抵押權(quán)人或者抵押人自最高額抵押權(quán)設(shè)立之日起滿二年后請(qǐng)求確定債權(quán);
    (三)新的債權(quán)不可能發(fā)生;
    (四)抵押財(cái)產(chǎn)被查封、扣押;
    (五)債務(wù)人、抵押人被宣告破產(chǎn)或者被撤銷;
    (六)法律規(guī)定債權(quán)確定的其他情形。
Article 207    The maximum mortgage interest shall be governed by the provisions of Section 1 of this Chapter on general interests acquired through mortgage, apart from the provisions of this Section.
     第二百零七條  最高額抵押權(quán)除適用本節(jié)規(guī)定外,適用本章第一節(jié)一般抵押權(quán)的規(guī)定。
Chapter 17: Interest Acquired Through Pledge
Section 1: Interest Acquired Through Pledge of Movables
第十七章  質(zhì)權(quán)
第一節(jié)  動(dòng)產(chǎn)質(zhì)權(quán)
Article 208    Where to guarantee the repayment of debts, the debtor or a third party pledges his movables to the creditor, if the debtor defaults or the conditions for enforcement of the interest, as agreed upon by the parties concerned, arise, the creditor shall be entitled to the priority in having his claim paid with the pledged movables.
As mentioned in the preceding paragraph, the debtor or the third party is the pledgor, the creditor is the pledgee, and the movables delivered are the pledged property.
     第二百零八條  為擔(dān)保債務(wù)的履行,債務(wù)人或者第三人將其動(dòng)產(chǎn)出質(zhì)給債權(quán)人占有的,債務(wù)人不履行到期債務(wù)或者發(fā)生當(dāng)事人約定的實(shí)現(xiàn)質(zhì)權(quán)的情形,債權(quán)人有權(quán)就該動(dòng)產(chǎn)優(yōu)先受償。
    前款規(guī)定的債務(wù)人或者第三人為出質(zhì)人,債權(quán)人為質(zhì)權(quán)人,交付的動(dòng)產(chǎn)為質(zhì)押財(cái)產(chǎn)。
Article 209    Movables the transfer of which is prohibited by laws or administrative regulations shall not be pledged.
     第二百零九條  法律、行政法規(guī)禁止轉(zhuǎn)讓的動(dòng)產(chǎn)不得出質(zhì)。
Article 210    To create the interest of a pledge, the parties concerned shall conclude a pledge contract in written form.
A pledge contract generally includes the following particulars:
(1) the kind and amount of the claim secured;
(2) the time limit for the debtor to repay his debts;
(3) the name, quantity, quality and conditions of the pledged property;
(4) the scope of the secured interest; and
(5) the time for delivery of the pledged property.
     第二百一十條  設(shè)立質(zhì)權(quán),當(dāng)事人應(yīng)當(dāng)采取書面形式訂立質(zhì)權(quán)合同。
    質(zhì)權(quán)合同一般包括下列條款:
    (一)被擔(dān)保債權(quán)的種類和數(shù)額;
    (二)債務(wù)人履行債務(wù)的期限;
    (三)質(zhì)押財(cái)產(chǎn)的名稱、數(shù)量、質(zhì)量、狀況;
    (四)擔(dān)保的范圍;
    (五)質(zhì)押財(cái)產(chǎn)交付的時(shí)間。
Article 211    Before the maturity of the debts, the pledgee shall not conclude an agreement with the pledgor that ownership of the pledged property go to the pledgee if the debtor defaults.
     第二百一十一條  質(zhì)權(quán)人在債務(wù)履行期屆滿前,不得與出質(zhì)人約定債務(wù)人不履行到期債務(wù)時(shí)質(zhì)押財(cái)產(chǎn)歸債權(quán)人所有。
Article 212    The interest of a pledge is established upon delivery of the pledged property by the pledgor.
     第二百一十二條  質(zhì)權(quán)自出質(zhì)人交付質(zhì)押財(cái)產(chǎn)時(shí)設(shè)立。
Article 213    The pledgee shall have the right to collect the fruits accrued from the pledged property, unless otherwise stipulated in the contract.
The fruits specified in the preceding paragraph shall first be used to pay off the expenses for collecting the fruits.
     第二百一十三條  質(zhì)權(quán)人有權(quán)收取質(zhì)押財(cái)產(chǎn)的孳息,但合同另有約定的除外。
    前款規(guī)定的孳息應(yīng)當(dāng)先充抵收取孳息的費(fèi)用。
Article 214    If, without the consent of the pledgor, the pledgee uses or disposes of the pledged property during the existence of the pledge interest, thus causing losses to the pledgor, he shall be liable for compensation.
     第二百一十四條  質(zhì)權(quán)人在質(zhì)權(quán)存續(xù)期間,未經(jīng)出質(zhì)人同意,擅自使用、處分質(zhì)押財(cái)產(chǎn),給出質(zhì)人造成損害的,應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)賠償責(zé)任。
Article 215    The pledgee has the duty to safekeep the pledged property. If the pledged property is damaged, destroyed or lost due to improper keeping, the pledgee shall be liable for compensation.
Where the action of the pledgee will likely cause damage, destruction or loss of the pledged property, the pledgor may request the pledgee to deposit the pledged property with a third party, or to offer to clear his debts in advance and return the pledged property.
     第二百一十五條  質(zhì)權(quán)人負(fù)有妥善保管質(zhì)押財(cái)產(chǎn)的義務(wù);因保管不善致使質(zhì)押財(cái)產(chǎn)毀損、滅失的,應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)賠償責(zé)任。
    質(zhì)權(quán)人的行為可能使質(zhì)押財(cái)產(chǎn)毀損、滅失的,出質(zhì)人可以要求質(zhì)權(quán)人將質(zhì)押財(cái)產(chǎn)提存,或者要求提前清償債務(wù)并返還質(zhì)押財(cái)產(chǎn)。
Article 216    Where due to no fault of the pledgee, the pledged property is likely to be so damaged or destroyed or its value to be depreciated so markedly as to undermine the rights of the pledgee, the pledgee shall have the right to demand that the pledgor provide an appropriate security. If the pledgor refuses to do so, the pledgee may have the pledged property auctioned or sold and may, through agreement with the pledgor, use the proceeds therefrom to repay the debts in advance or deposit the proceeds with a third party.
     第二百一十六條  因不能歸責(zé)于質(zhì)權(quán)人的事由可能使質(zhì)押財(cái)產(chǎn)毀損或者價(jià)值明顯減少,足以危害質(zhì)權(quán)人權(quán)利的,質(zhì)權(quán)人有權(quán)要求出質(zhì)人提供相應(yīng)的擔(dān)保;出質(zhì)人不提供的,質(zhì)權(quán)人可以拍賣、變賣質(zhì)押財(cái)產(chǎn),并與出質(zhì)人通過協(xié)議將拍賣、變賣所得的價(jià)款提前清償債務(wù)或者提存。
Article 217    If, during the existence of the interest of a pledge, the pledgee repledges the pledged property to a third party without the consent of the pledgor, thus causing damage, destruction or loss of the property, the pledgee shall be liable for compensation.
     第二百一十七條  質(zhì)權(quán)人在質(zhì)權(quán)存續(xù)期間,未經(jīng)出質(zhì)人同意轉(zhuǎn)質(zhì),造成質(zhì)押財(cái)產(chǎn)毀損、滅失的,應(yīng)當(dāng)向出質(zhì)人承擔(dān)賠償責(zé)任。
Article 218    The pledgee may waive his interest to the pledge. Where the debtor pledges his own property and the pledgee waives his interest to the pledge, the other guarantors may be exempted from suretyship to the extent that the pledgee forfeits his rights and interests in terms of the priority in being paid off, unless the guarantors are still committed to the suretyship.
     第二百一十八條  質(zhì)權(quán)人可以放棄質(zhì)權(quán)。債務(wù)人以自己的財(cái)產(chǎn)出質(zhì),質(zhì)權(quán)人放棄該質(zhì)權(quán)的,其他擔(dān)保人在質(zhì)權(quán)人喪失優(yōu)先受償權(quán)益的范圍內(nèi)免除擔(dān)保責(zé)任,但其他擔(dān)保人承諾仍然提供擔(dān)保的除外。
Article 219    Where the debtor repays the debts or the pledgor pays off in advance the debts he guaranteed, the pledgee shall return the pledged property.
If the debtor defaults or the conditions for enforcement of the interest, as agreed upon by the parties concerned, arise, the pledgee may conclude an agreement with the pledgor that the pledged property be converted into money, or he may enjoy the priority in having his claim paid with the proceeds obtained from auction or sale of the pledged property.
The pledged property shall be converted into money or be sold off by referring to its market price.
     第二百一十九條  債務(wù)人履行債務(wù)或者出質(zhì)人提前清償所擔(dān)保的債權(quán)的,質(zhì)權(quán)人應(yīng)當(dāng)返還質(zhì)押財(cái)產(chǎn)。
    債務(wù)人不履行到期債務(wù)或者發(fā)生當(dāng)事人約定的實(shí)現(xiàn)質(zhì)權(quán)的情形,質(zhì)權(quán)人可以與出質(zhì)人協(xié)議以質(zhì)押財(cái)產(chǎn)折價(jià),也可以就拍賣、變賣質(zhì)押財(cái)產(chǎn)所得的價(jià)款優(yōu)先受償。
    質(zhì)押財(cái)產(chǎn)折價(jià)或者變賣的,應(yīng)當(dāng)參照市場(chǎng)價(jià)格。
Article 220    The pledgor may request the pledgee to enforce his interest to the pledge in a timely manner at the maturity of the debts. Where the pledgee fails to do so, the pledgor may request the people's court to have the pledged property auctioned or sold.
Where the pledgor requests the pledgee to enforce his interest to the pledge in a timely manner, the pledgee slacks in doing so, thus causing losses, he shall be liable for compensation.
     第二百二十條  出質(zhì)人可以請(qǐng)求質(zhì)權(quán)人在債務(wù)履行期屆滿后及時(shí)行使質(zhì)權(quán);質(zhì)權(quán)人不行使的,出質(zhì)人可以請(qǐng)求人民法院拍賣、變賣質(zhì)押財(cái)產(chǎn)。
    出質(zhì)人請(qǐng)求質(zhì)權(quán)人及時(shí)行使質(zhì)權(quán),因質(zhì)權(quán)人怠于行使權(quán)利造成損害的,由質(zhì)權(quán)人承擔(dān)賠償責(zé)任。
Article 221    If, after the pledged property is converted into money or auctioned or sold, the proceeds therefrom exceed the amount of the claim, the balance shall go to the pledgor, and if they are insufficient to cover the debts, the difference shall be paid by the debtor.
     第二百二十一條  質(zhì)押財(cái)產(chǎn)折價(jià)或者拍賣、變賣后,其價(jià)款超過債權(quán)數(shù)額的部分歸出質(zhì)人所有,不足部分由債務(wù)人清償。
Article 222    The pledgor and the pledgee may create the maximum pledge interest by agreement.
Apart from the relevant provisions of this Section, the provisions in Section 2 of Chapter 16 of this Law on maximum mortgage interest shall be applicable mutantis mutandis.
     第二百二十二條  出質(zhì)人與質(zhì)權(quán)人可以協(xié)議設(shè)立最高額質(zhì)權(quán)。
    最高額質(zhì)權(quán)除適用本節(jié)有關(guān)規(guī)定外,參照本法第十六章第二節(jié)最高額抵押權(quán)的規(guī)定。
Section 2: Interests Acquired Through Pledge of Rights
第二節(jié)  權(quán)利質(zhì)權(quán)
Article 223    The following rights that a debtor or a third party is entitled to dispose of may be pledged:
(1) bills of exchange, cheques, promissory notes;
(2) bonds, certificates of deposit;
(3) warehouse receipts, bills of lading;
(4) portions of funds or certificates of stocks which are transferable;
(5) proprietary rights consisted in the intellectual property rights, such as the right to exclusive use of registered trademarks, the patents and copyrights, which are transferable;
(6) accounts receivable; and
(7) other property rights which may be pledged as provided for by laws and administrative regulations.
     第二百二十三條  債務(wù)人或者第三人有權(quán)處分的下列權(quán)利可以出質(zhì):
    (一)匯票、支票、本票;
    (二)債券、存款單;
    (三)倉(cāng)單、提單;
    (四)可以轉(zhuǎn)讓的基金份額、股權(quán);
    (五)可以轉(zhuǎn)讓的注冊(cè)商標(biāo)專用權(quán)、專利權(quán)、著作權(quán)等知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)中的財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán);
    (六)應(yīng)收賬款;
    (七)法律、行政法規(guī)規(guī)定可以出質(zhì)的其他財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)利。
Article 224    Where a bill of exchange, cheque, promissory note, bond, certificate of deposit, warehouse receipt or bill of lading is pledged, the parties concerned shall conclude a contract in written form. The interest to the pledge is created at the time when the certificate of right is delivered to the pledgee; if there is no such certificate, the interest is created at the time when the pledge is registered with the relevant authority.
     第二百二十四條  以匯票、支票、本票、債券、存款單、倉(cāng)單、提單出質(zhì)的,當(dāng)事人應(yīng)當(dāng)訂立書面合同。質(zhì)權(quán)自權(quán)利憑證交付質(zhì)權(quán)人時(shí)設(shè)立;沒有權(quán)利憑證的,質(zhì)權(quán)自有關(guān)部門辦理出質(zhì)登記時(shí)設(shè)立。
Article 225    Where the date of payment or of delivery of goods in respect of a pledged bill of exchange, cheque, promissory note, bond, certificate of deposit, warehouse receipt or bill of lading is matured prior to the date of maturity of the principal claim, the pledgee may accept the payment or the goods delivered and may conclude an agreement with the pledgor that the payment or the goods accepted be used to pay the debts in advance or be deposited with a third party.
     第二百二十五條  匯票、支票、本票、債券、存款單、倉(cāng)單、提單的兌現(xiàn)日期或者提貨日期先于主債權(quán)到期的,質(zhì)權(quán)人可以兌現(xiàn)或者提貨,并與出質(zhì)人協(xié)議將兌現(xiàn)的價(jià)款或者提取的貨物提前清償債務(wù)或者提存。
Article 226    Where portions of funds or shares are pledged, the parties concerned shall conclude a contract in written form. Where portions of funds or the shares that are registered with the securities registration and settlement authority are pledged, the interest to the pledge is established at the time when the pledge is registered with the securities registration and settlement authority. Where other kinds of shares are pledged, the interest to the pledge is established at the time when the pledge is registered with the administration department for industry and commerce.
The portions of funds or the shares that are pledged may not be transferred, unless otherwise agreed upon by the pledgor and the pledgee. The proceeds the pledgor obtained from the transfer of the portions of funds or shares shall be used in advance to pay the debts owed to the pledgee or be deposited with a third party.
     第二百二十六條  以基金份額、股權(quán)出質(zhì)的,當(dāng)事人應(yīng)當(dāng)訂立書面合同。以基金份額、證券登記結(jié)算機(jī)構(gòu)登記的股權(quán)出質(zhì)的,質(zhì)權(quán)自證券登記結(jié)算機(jī)構(gòu)辦理出質(zhì)登記時(shí)設(shè)立;以其他股權(quán)出質(zhì)的,質(zhì)權(quán)自工商行政管理部門辦理出質(zhì)登記時(shí)設(shè)立。
    基金份額、股權(quán)出質(zhì)后,不得轉(zhuǎn)讓,但經(jīng)出質(zhì)人與質(zhì)權(quán)人協(xié)商同意的除外。出質(zhì)人轉(zhuǎn)讓基金份額、股權(quán)所得的價(jià)款,應(yīng)當(dāng)向質(zhì)權(quán)人提前清償債務(wù)或者提存。
Article 227    Where the proprietary rights consisted in the intellectual property rights, such as the right to exclusive use of registered trademarks, the patents and copyrights, are pledged, the parties concerned shall conclude a contract in written form. The interest to the pledge is perfected at the time when the pledge is registered with the relevant authority.
If the proprietary rights consisted in the intellectual property rights are pledged, the pledgor may not transfer or permit another person to use such rights, unless otherwise agreed upon by the pledgor and the pledgee through consultation. The proceeds obtained by the pledgor through transfer of such rights or through permitting another person to use such rights shall be used in advance to pay the debts owed to the pledgee or be deposited with a third party.
     第二百二十七條  以注冊(cè)商標(biāo)專用權(quán)、專利權(quán)、著作權(quán)等知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)中的財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)出質(zhì)的,當(dāng)事人應(yīng)當(dāng)訂立書面合同。質(zhì)權(quán)自有關(guān)主管部門辦理出質(zhì)登記時(shí)設(shè)立。
    知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)中的財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)出質(zhì)后,出質(zhì)人不得轉(zhuǎn)讓或者許可他人使用,但經(jīng)出質(zhì)人與質(zhì)權(quán)人協(xié)商同意的除外。出質(zhì)人轉(zhuǎn)讓或者許可他人使用出質(zhì)的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)中的財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)所得的價(jià)款,應(yīng)當(dāng)向質(zhì)權(quán)人提前清償債務(wù)或者提存。
Article 228    Where the accounts receivable are pledged, the parties concerned shall conclude a contract in written form. The interest to the pledge is created at the time when the pledge is registered with the credit information service.
The pledged accounts receivable may not be transferred, unless otherwise agreed upon by the pledgor and the pledgee through consultation. The proceeds obtained by the pledgor from the transfer of the accounts receivable shall be used in advance to pay the debts owed to the pledge or be deposited with a third party.
     第二百二十八條  以應(yīng)收賬款出質(zhì)的,當(dāng)事人應(yīng)當(dāng)訂立書面合同。質(zhì)權(quán)自信貸征信機(jī)構(gòu)辦理出質(zhì)登記時(shí)設(shè)立。
    應(yīng)收賬款出質(zhì)后,不得轉(zhuǎn)讓,但經(jīng)出質(zhì)人與質(zhì)權(quán)人協(xié)商同意的除外。出質(zhì)人轉(zhuǎn)讓應(yīng)收賬款所得的價(jià)款,應(yīng)當(dāng)向質(zhì)權(quán)人提前清償債務(wù)或者提存。
Article 229    The interests acquired through pledge of rights are governed, apart from by the provisions of this Section, by those under Section 1 of this Chapter on interests acquired through pledge.
     第二百二十九條  權(quán)利質(zhì)權(quán)除適用本節(jié)規(guī)定外,適用本章第一節(jié)動(dòng)產(chǎn)質(zhì)權(quán)的規(guī)定。
Chapter 18: Lien
第十八章  留置權(quán)
Article 230    If a debtor defaults, the creditor may retain the debtor's movables which have been legally possessed by the creditor and shall have the priority in being paid with the said property.
The creditor mentioned in the preceding paragraph is the lien holder, and the movables in his possession are the retained property.
     第二百三十條  債務(wù)人不履行到期債務(wù),債權(quán)人可以留置已經(jīng)合法占有的債務(wù)人的動(dòng)產(chǎn),并有權(quán)就該動(dòng)產(chǎn)優(yōu)先受償。
    前款規(guī)定的債權(quán)人為留置權(quán)人,占有的動(dòng)產(chǎn)為留置財(cái)產(chǎn)。
Article 231    The movables retained by the creditor fall in the same nexus of legal relationships with the creditor's claims, except in the case of a lien between enterprises.
     第二百三十一條  債權(quán)人留置的動(dòng)產(chǎn),應(yīng)當(dāng)與債權(quán)屬于同一法律關(guān)系,但企業(yè)之間留置的除外。
Article 232    The movables may not be retained as are so stipulated by law or by agreement between the parties concerned.
     第二百三十二條  法律規(guī)定或者當(dāng)事人約定不得留置的動(dòng)產(chǎn),不得留置。
Article 233    Where the retained property is dividable, the value of the retained property shall be equivalent to the amount of the debts owed.
     第二百三十三條  留置財(cái)產(chǎn)為可分物的,留置財(cái)產(chǎn)的價(jià)值應(yīng)當(dāng)相當(dāng)于債務(wù)的金額。
Article 234    The lien holder shall have the duty to safekeep the retained property. If the retained property is damaged, destroyed or lost due to improper keeping, the lien holder shall be liable for compensation.
     第二百三十四條  留置權(quán)人負(fù)有妥善保管留置財(cái)產(chǎn)的義務(wù);因保管不善致使留置財(cái)產(chǎn)毀損、滅失的,應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)賠償責(zé)任。
Article 235    The lien holder shall have the right to collect the fruits accrued from the retained property.
The fruits mentioned in the preceding paragraph shall first be used to pay the expenses for collecting the fruits.
     第二百三十五條  留置權(quán)人有權(quán)收取留置財(cái)產(chǎn)的孳息。
    前款規(guī)定的孳息應(yīng)當(dāng)先充抵收取孳息的費(fèi)用。
Article 236    The lien holder and the debtor shall reach an agreement on the time limit for the debtor to pay the debts after the property is retained. If there is no such agreement or if the agreement is indefinite, the lien holder shall allow a time limit of two months or longer for the debtor to pay the debts, except where the movables are fresh, living or perishable things. If the debtor defaults at the expiration of the specified time limit, the lien holder may upon agreement with the debtor have the retained property converted into money, or may enjoy the priority in having the debts paid with the proceeds from auction or sale of the property.
The retained property shall be converted into money or be sold off by referring to its market price.
     第二百三十六條  留置權(quán)人與債務(wù)人應(yīng)當(dāng)約定留置財(cái)產(chǎn)后的債務(wù)履行期間;沒有約定或者約定不明確的,留置權(quán)人應(yīng)當(dāng)給債務(wù)人兩個(gè)月以上履行債務(wù)的期間,但鮮活易腐等不易保管的動(dòng)產(chǎn)除外。債務(wù)人逾期未履行的,留置權(quán)人可以與債務(wù)人協(xié)議以留置財(cái)產(chǎn)折價(jià),也可以就拍賣、變賣留置財(cái)產(chǎn)所得的價(jià)款優(yōu)先受償。
    留置財(cái)產(chǎn)折價(jià)或者變賣的,應(yīng)當(dāng)參照市場(chǎng)價(jià)格。
Article 237    The debtor may request the lien holder to enforce the right of lien after the expiration of the time limit for payment of the debts. Where the lien holder fails to enforce the right, the debtor may request the people's court to have the retained property auctioned or sold.
     第二百三十七條  債務(wù)人可以請(qǐng)求留置權(quán)人在債務(wù)履行期屆滿后行使留置權(quán);留置權(quán)人不行使的,債務(wù)人可以請(qǐng)求人民法院拍賣、變賣留置財(cái)產(chǎn)。
Article 238    If after the retained property is converted into money, auctioned or sold, the proceeds therefrom exceed the amount of the claim, the balance shall go to the debtor, and if they are insufficient to cover the debts, the difference shall be paid by the debtor.
     第二百三十八條  留置財(cái)產(chǎn)折價(jià)或者拍賣、變賣后,其價(jià)款超過債權(quán)數(shù)額的部分歸債務(wù)人所有,不足部分由債務(wù)人清償。
Article 239    Where a lien is created on the same piece of the movables that has been mortgaged or pledged, the lien holder shall enjoy the priority in having his debts paid.
     第二百三十九條  同一動(dòng)產(chǎn)上已設(shè)立抵押權(quán)或者質(zhì)權(quán),該動(dòng)產(chǎn)又被留置的,留置權(quán)人優(yōu)先受償。
Article 240    Where the lien holder forfeits his possession of the retained property or accepts other security provided by the debtor, the right of lien shall extinguish.
     第二百四十條  留置權(quán)人對(duì)留置財(cái)產(chǎn)喪失占有或者留置權(quán)人接受債務(wù)人另行提供擔(dān)保的,留置權(quán)消滅。
Part 5: Possession
Chapter 19: Possession
第五編  占有
第十九章  占有
Article 241    In the event of possession arising from contractual relationship, the use of the immovables or movables in question, the benefits therefrom and breach of duty shall be subject to the terms of the contract. If there are no such terms in the contract or such terms are indefinite, they shall be governed by the provisions of relevant laws.
     第二百四十一條  基于合同關(guān)系等產(chǎn)生的占有,有關(guān)不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)的使用、收益、違約責(zé)任等,按照合同約定;合同沒有約定或者約定不明確的,依照有關(guān)法律規(guī)定。
Article 242    Where a possessor causes damage to the immovables or movables in the use of it, the possessor, if he is a mala fidei one, shall be liable for compensation.
     第二百四十二條  占有人因使用占有的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn),致使該不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)受到損害的,惡意占有人應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)賠償責(zé)任。
Article 243    Where the immovables or movables come to be possessed by another person, the obligee may request the person to return them and the fruits therefrom; however, the obligee shall compensate the possessor, if he is a bona fide one, for his expenses necessitated for maintaining the property.
     第二百四十三條  不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)被占有人占有的,權(quán)利人可以請(qǐng)求返還原物及其孳息,但應(yīng)當(dāng)支付善意占有人因維護(hù)該不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)支出的必要費(fèi)用。
Article 244    Where the immovables or movables in the possession of another person is damaged, or destroyed or lost and the obligee requests compensation, the possessor shall return the insurance monies, compensation payment, indemnities, etc. to the obligee. If the losses of the obligee are not fully covered thereby, the possessor, if he is a mala fidei one, shall, in addition, compensate for the uncovered part.
     第二百四十四條  占有的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)毀損、滅失,該不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)的權(quán)利人請(qǐng)求賠償?shù),占有人?yīng)當(dāng)將因毀損、滅失取得的保險(xiǎn)金、賠償金或者補(bǔ)償金等返還給權(quán)利人;權(quán)利人的損害未得到足夠彌補(bǔ)的,惡意占有人還應(yīng)當(dāng)賠償損失。
Article 245    Where the immovables or movables in a person's possession are encroached upon, the person shall have the right to request the return of the original property. In the event of trespass to the possession of another, the possessor shall have the right to request elimination of such trespass or hazard. If damage is caused by encroachment or the trespass, the possessor shall have the right to request compensation.,
The right of claim to the return of the original property shall extinguish, if the possessor fails to exercise it within one year from the date of the encroachment.
     第二百四十五條  占有的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)被侵占的,占有人有權(quán)請(qǐng)求返還原物;對(duì)妨害占有的行為,占有人有權(quán)請(qǐng)求排除妨害或者消除危險(xiǎn);因侵占或者妨害造成損害的,占有人有權(quán)請(qǐng)求損害賠償。
    占有人返還原物的請(qǐng)求權(quán),自侵占發(fā)生之日起一年內(nèi)未行使的,該請(qǐng)求權(quán)消滅。
Supplementary Provisions
附 則
Article 246    Before the scope, authority and measures for unified registration of immovable property are stipulated by laws or administrative regulations, they may be stipulated by local regulations according to the relevant provisions of this Law.
     第二百四十六條  法律、行政法規(guī)對(duì)不動(dòng)產(chǎn)統(tǒng)一登記的范圍、登記機(jī)構(gòu)和登記辦法作出規(guī)定前,地方性法規(guī)可以依照本法有關(guān)規(guī)定作出規(guī)定。
Article 247    This Law shall go into effect as of October 1, 2007.
ENGLISH TRANSLATION BY THE GENERAL OFFICE OF THE LEGISLATIVE AFFAIRS COMMISSION, THE STANDING COMMITTEE OF THE NATIONAL PEOPLE'S CONGRESS.
LICENSED FOR USE AS OF MARCH 2009.
     第二百四十七條  本法自2007年10月1日起施行。

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