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國際貿(mào)易 |
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| 美國統(tǒng)一商法典(1) |
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出處：法律顧問網(wǎng)·涉外coinwram.com
時間：2010/11/19 14:24:00 |
PART 1. SHORT TITLE ， GENERAL CONSTRUCTION AND SUBJECT MATTER
Uniform Commercial Code
ARTICLE 2 SALES
§ 2-101. Short Title.
This Article shall be known and may be cited as Uniform Commercial
Code-Sales.
§ 2-102. Scope ； Certain Security and Other Transactions Excluded
From This Article.
Unless the context otherwise requires ， this Article applies to transactions
in goods； it does not apply to any transaction which although in the
form of an unconditional contract to sell or present sale is intended
to operate only as a security transaction nor does this Article impair
or repeal any statute regulating sales to consumers ， farmers or other
specified classes of buyers.
§ 2-103. Definitions and Index of Definitions.
（1 ） In this Article unless the context otherwise requires
。（a ） "Buyer" means a person who buys or contracts to buy goods.
。（b ） "Good faith" in the case of a merchant means honesty in fact
and the observance of reasonable commercial standards of fair dealing
in the trade.
。（c ） "Receipt" of goods means taking physical possession of them.
。（d ） "Seller" means a person who sells or contracts to sell goods.
（2 ） Other definitions applying to this Article or to specified
Parts thereof ， and the sections in which they appear are：
"Acceptance". Section 2-606.
"Banker ‘s credit". Section 2-325.
"Between Merchants". Section 2-104.
"Cancellation". Section 2-106 （4 ）。
"Commercial unit". Section 2-105.
"Confirmed credit". Section 2-325.
"Conforming to contract". Section 2-106.
"Contract for sale". Section 2-106.
"Cover". Section 2-712.
"Entrusting". Section 2-403.
"Financing agency". Section 2-104.
"Future Goods". Section 2-105.
"Goods". Section 2-105.
"Identification". Section 2-501.
"Installment contract". Section 2-612.
"Letter of Credit". Section 2-325.
"Lot". Section 2-105.
"Merchant". Section 2-104.
"Overseas". Section 2-323.
"Person in position of Seller". Section 2-707.
"Present sale". Section 2-106.
"Sale". Section 2-106.
"Sale on approval". Section 2-326.
"Sale or return". Section 2-326.
"Termination". Section 2-106.
（3 ） The following definitions in other Articles apply to this Article
：
"Check". Section 3-104.
"Consignee". Section 7-102.
"Consignor". Section 7-102.
"Consumer Goods". Section 9-109.
"Dishonor". Section 3-507.
"Draft". Section 3-104.
（4 ） In addition Article 1 contains general definitions and principles
of construction and interpretation applicable throughout this Article.
§ 2-104. Definitions ： "Merchant" ； "Between Merchants"； "Financing
Agency".
（1 ） "Merchant" means a person who deals in goods of the kind or
otherwise by his occupation holds himself out as having knowledge or skill
peculiar to the practices or goods involved in the transaction or to whom
such knowledge or skill may be attributed by his employment of an agent
or broker or other intermediary who by his occupation holds himself out
as having such knowledge or skill.
（2 ） "Financing agency" means a bank， finance company or other
person who in the ordinary course of business makes advances against goods
or documents of title or who by arrangement with either the seller or
the buyer intervenes in ordinary course to make or collect payment due
or claimed under the contract for sale， as by purchasing or paying the
seller‘s draft or making advances against it or by merely taking it for
collection whether or not documents of title accompany the draft. "Financing
agency" includes also a bank or other person who similarly intervenes
between persons who are in the position of seller and buyer in respect
to the goods（Section 2-707 ）。
（3 ） "Between Merchants" means in any transaction with respect to
which both parties are chargeable with the knowledge or skill of merchants.
§ 2-105. Definitions ： Transferability； "Goods"； "Future" Goods
； "Lot"； "Commercial Unit".
（1 ） "Goods" means all things （including specially manufactured
goods ） which are movable at the time of identification to the contract
for sale other than the money in which the price is to be paid， investment
securities（Article 8 ） and things in action. "Goods" also includes the
unborn young of animals and growing crops and other identified things
attached to realty as described in the section on goods to be severed
from realty （Section 2-107 ）。
（2 ） Goods must be both existing and identified before any interest
in them can pass. Goods which are not both existing and identified are
"future" goods. A purported present sale of future goods or of any interest
therein operates as a contract to sell.
（3 ） There may be a sale of a part interest in existing identified
goods.
（4 ） An undivided share in an identified bulk of fungible goods
is sufficiently identified to be sold although the quantity of the bulk
is not determined. Any agreed proportion of such a bulk or any quantity
thereof agreed upon by number ， weight or other measure may to the extent
of the seller ‘s interest in the bulk be sold to the buyer who then becomes
an owner in common.
（5 ） "Lot" means a parcel or a single article which is the subject
matter of a separate sale or delivery ， whether or not it is sufficient
to perform the contract.
（6 ） "Commercial unit" means such a unit of goods as by commercial
usage is a single whole for purposes of sale and division of which materially
impairs its character or value on the market or in use. A commercial unit
may be a single article （as a machine） or a set of articles （as a suite
of furniture or an assortment of sizes） or a quantity（as a bale ， gross，
or carload） or any other unit treated in use or in the relevant market
as a single whole.
§ 2-106. Definitions ： "Contract" ； "Agreement"； "Contract for
sale" ； "Sale" ； "Present sale" ； "Conforming" to Contract ； "Termination"
； "Cancellation".
（1 ） In this Article unless the context otherwise requires "contract"
and "agreement" are limited to those relating to the present or future
sale of goods. "Contract for sale" includes both a present sale of goods
and a contract to sell goods at a future time. A "sale" consists in the
passing of title from the seller to the buyer for a price （Section 2-401）。
A "present sale" means a sale which is accomplished by the making
of the contract.
（2 ） Goods or conduct including any part of a performance are "conforming"
or conform to the contract when they are in accordance with the obligations
under the contract.
（3 ） "Termination" occurs when either party pursuant to a power
created by agreement or law puts an end to the contract otherwise than
for its breach. On "termination" all obligations which are still executory
on both sides are discharged but any right based on prior breach or performance
survives.
（4 ） "Cancellation" occurs when either party puts an end to the
contract for breach by the other and its effect is the same as that of
"termination" except that the cancelling party also retains any remedy
for breach of the whole contract or any unperformed balance.
§ 2-107. Goods to Be Severed From Realty ： Recording.
（1 ） A contract for the sale of minerals or the like（including
oil and gas ） or a structure or its materials to be removed from realty
is a contract for the sale of goods within this Article if they are to
be severed by the seller but until severance a purported present sale
thereof which is not effective as a transfer of an interest in land is
effective only as a contract to sell.
（2 ） A contract for the sale apart from the land of growing crops
or other things attached to realty and capable of severance without material
harm thereto but not described in subsection（1 ） or of timber to be
cut is a contract for the sale of goods within this Article whether the
subject matter is to be severed by the buyer or by the seller even though
it forms part of the realty at the time of contracting， and the parties
can by identification effect a present sale before severance.
（3 ） The provisions of this section are subject to any third party
rights provided by the law relating to realty records ， and the contract
for sale may be executed and recorded as a document transferring an interest
in land and shall then constitute notice to third parties of the buyer
‘s rights under the contract for sale.
中文譯文：
第一章簡稱、解釋原則和適用范圍
《美國統(tǒng)一商法典》 第二篇 買賣
第一章 簡稱、解釋原則和適用范圍
第２—１０１條 簡稱
本篇稱為并可被引用為“統(tǒng)一商法典——買賣”。
第２—１０２條 適用范圍；某些不包括在本篇內(nèi)的擔(dān)保交易和其它交易
除上下文另有所指外，本篇適用于涉及貨物的交易；本篇不適用于采用無保
留銷售合同形式或現(xiàn)售形式而實質(zhì)上純屬擔(dān)保交易的交易，本篇也不損害或廢除
任何其它的有關(guān)向消費者、農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)者或其他特定種類買方出售貨物的法律。
第２—１０３條 定義和定義索引
１.除上下文另有所指外，在本篇中，
ａ.“買方”指買進貨物或訂立買進貨物合同的人。
ｂ.涉及商人時，“善意”指事實上的誠實和遵守同行中有關(guān)公平交易的合
理商業(yè)準則。
ｃ.“收到”貨物，指實際取得對貨物的占有。
ｄ.“賣方”指出售貨物或訂立出售貨物合同的人。
２.適用于本篇或本篇某些章的其它定義及其索引：
“接受” 第２—６０６條
“銀行信用證” 第２—３２５條
“商人之間” 第２—１０４條
“解除” 第２—１０６條第４款。
“商業(yè)單位” 第２—１０５條
“保兌信用證” 第２—３２５條
“符合合同” 第２—１０６條
“買賣合同” 第２—１０６條
“補進” 第２—７１２條
“委托” 第２—４０３條
“融資機構(gòu)” 第２—１０４條
“期貨” 第２—１０５條
“貨物” 第２—１０５條
“特定化” 第２—５０１條
“分批交貨合同” 第２—６１２條
“信用證” 第２—３２５條
“一宗” 第２—１０５條
“商人” 第２—１０４條
“海外” 第２—３２３條
“處于賣方地位的人” 第２—７０７條
“現(xiàn)售” 第２—１０６條
“買賣” 第２—１０６條
“試用” 第２—３２６條
“試銷” 第２—３２６條
“終止” 第２—１０６條
３.其它各篇中適用于本篇的定義：
“支票” 第３—１０４條
“收貨人” 第７—１０２條
“發(fā)貨人” 第７—１０２條
“消費品” 第９—１０９條
“拒付” 第３—５０７條
“匯票” 第３—１０４條
４.此外，第一篇中的一般定義和解釋原則適用于本篇通篇。
第２—１０４條 定義：“商人”：“商人之間”：“融資機構(gòu)”
１.“商人”指從事某類貨物交易業(yè)務(wù)或因職業(yè)關(guān)系以其它方式表明其對交
易所涉及的貨物或作法具有專門知識或技能的人，也指雇傭因職業(yè)關(guān)系表明其具
有此種專門知識或技能的代理人、經(jīng)紀人或其他中介人的人。
２.“融資機構(gòu)”指任何銀行、融資公司或其他人，只要它在正常業(yè)務(wù)中以
貨物或所有權(quán)憑證為憑提供貸款，或只要它依據(jù)與賣方或買方達成的協(xié)議以正常
方式參與支付或收取買賣合同中已到期或已規(guī)定的款項，如購買或支付賣方的匯
票，或為購買或支付該匯票提供貸款，或為收款單純?nèi)〉脜R票，而不論匯票是否
同時附有所有權(quán)憑證�！叭谫Y機構(gòu)”還包括以同樣方式介入就貨物處于賣方和買
方地位之當事方（第２—７０７條）之間的銀行或其他人。
３.“商人之間”指交易的當事雙方均可被視為具有商人之專門知識或技能。
第２—１０５條 定義：可轉(zhuǎn)讓性：“貨物”：“期貨”：“一宗”：“商
業(yè)單位”
１.“貨物”指除作為支付價款之手段的金錢、投資證券（第八篇）和訴權(quán)
物以外的所有在特定于買賣合同項下時可以移動的物品（包括特別制造的貨物）。
“貨物”還包括尚未出生的動物幼仔、生長中的農(nóng)作物和有關(guān)將與不動產(chǎn)分
離之貨物的第２—１０７條所規(guī)定的其它附著于不動產(chǎn)但已特定化的物品。
２.貨物必須同時是現(xiàn)實存在并已特定化，其權(quán)益才能轉(zhuǎn)讓。不是現(xiàn)實存在
并已特定化的貨物稱為“期貨”。對期貨或期貨中任何權(quán)益作出的現(xiàn)售，效力上
相當于銷售合同。
３.可以僅出售現(xiàn)實存在并已特定化之貨物中的部分權(quán)益。
４.特定化的一批種類物，即使總量未知，其中已定量的任何部分仍可在未
與整批貨物分離的情況下被視為已特定化而用于出售。該批種類物中以數(shù)量、重
量或其它標準計算的任何已議定的部分或數(shù)量，可在賣方所擁有之權(quán)益的范圍內(nèi)
出售給買方。買方因此成為該批種類物的共同所有人。
５.“一宗”指構(gòu)成單獨一次出售或交貨的一組或一件物品，不論它是否足
以履行整個合同。
６.“商業(yè)單位”指商業(yè)慣例中貨物的基本銷售單位，即如果將此單位分割，
將損害貨物的特性或損害其使用價值或銷售價值。一個“商業(yè)單位”可以是一件
物品（如一臺機器），可以是一組物品（如一套家具或一套尺寸不同的物品），
可以是一定數(shù)量（如一包、一羅、一車），也可以是在使用中或在有關(guān)市場上被
視作單一整體的任何或它單位。
第２—１０６條 定義：“合同”：“協(xié)議”：“買賣合同”：“買賣”：
“現(xiàn)售”：“符合合同”：“終止”：“解除”
１.除上下文另有所指外，在本篇中，“合同”與“協(xié)議”僅指與貨物的現(xiàn)
售或未來銷售有關(guān)的合同與協(xié)議�！百I賣合同”既包括貨物的現(xiàn)售，也包括在未
來某一時間出售貨物的合同：“買賣”（或“出售”、“銷售”）指賣方在取得
價款的條件下將貨物所有權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)移至買方（第２—４０１條）：“現(xiàn)售”指訂立合
同與出售貨物同時完成的買賣。
２.貨物或行為，包括履約中的任何步驟，如果符合合同所規(guī)定的義務(wù)，即
為“符合”合同。
３.如果任何一方非因違約，而是根據(jù)協(xié)議規(guī)定或根據(jù)法律賦予的權(quán)力結(jié)束
合同，該合同即告“終止”。合同一旦“終止”，當事方尚待履行的各項義務(wù)即
被解除，但在此之前因?qū)Ψ竭`約或已方履約而產(chǎn)生的權(quán)利仍然存在。
４.由于一方違約致使另一方結(jié)束合同時，合同即告“解除”。解除的效力
與終止相同，但解除合同的一方保留因他方全部或部分違反合同而應(yīng)得到的救濟。
第２—１０７條 將與不動產(chǎn)分離的貨物：登記
１.出售將與不動產(chǎn)分離的礦物或類似物質(zhì)（包括石油和天然氣）的合同，
以及出售將與不動產(chǎn)分離的建筑結(jié)構(gòu)或其材料的合同，屬于本篇范圍內(nèi)的貨物買
賣合同，只要此種物品與不動產(chǎn)的分離系由賣方進行；但在分離之前，如果賣方
的現(xiàn)售不能構(gòu)成土地上所存權(quán)益的有效轉(zhuǎn)讓，則該現(xiàn)售在效力上只相當于一項銷
售合同。
２.出售正在長于土地上的農(nóng)作物或本條第１款中未作規(guī)定的其它附著于不
動產(chǎn)但分離后又不至造成實質(zhì)損害的物品的合同，或出售待砍伐樹木的合同，屬
于本篇所規(guī)定的貨物買賣合同，而不論分離系由買方還是由賣方進行，也不論物
品在訂立合同時仍為不動產(chǎn)的組成部分。對此種物品，當事方可在分離前通過特
定化而完成現(xiàn)售。
３.第三方根據(jù)有關(guān)不動產(chǎn)登記的法律所取得的權(quán)利，優(yōu)于本條各款的效力
；但上述買賣合同可作為轉(zhuǎn)讓土地上所存權(quán)益的文件，經(jīng)簽名和登記，構(gòu)成對第
三方有關(guān)買方依買賣合同所取得的權(quán)利的通知。
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