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商務(wù)英語(yǔ)及學(xué)習(xí) |
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| 聽力突破掌上寶之聽力突破超級(jí)技巧 |
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作者：石家莊趙麗娜律師編輯
出處：法律顧問網(wǎng)·涉外www.coinwram.com
時(shí)間：2011/4/4 22:09:00 |
如何在聽不懂的情況下
照樣選對(duì)答案
（中英文對(duì)照）
——學(xué)一點(diǎn)“害人”的、只對(duì)考試有用的技巧
——三大實(shí)用技巧，抓住聽力考試題的致命弱點(diǎn)，在緊張的聽力考場(chǎng)上運(yùn)籌帷幄、
穩(wěn)操勝券！
這里所談的技巧以托福考試為樣本，它是英語(yǔ)考試的典范，國(guó)內(nèi)的高考、四級(jí)、六級(jí)
等考試都在逐漸向它靠攏。
以下比較難的部分采取中英文對(duì)照形式，其余的只給出英文，所有資料都適合進(jìn)行三
最口腔肌肉訓(xùn)練。編寫忱個(gè)部分的一個(gè)瘋狂目的是要求大家能夠用英文來告訴別人如何對(duì)付聽力考試！
這是李陽(yáng)·克立茲的一貫信念：一步登天！
首先讓我們來熟悉標(biāo)準(zhǔn)聽力考試的結(jié)構(gòu)：
[1] The Listening comprehension section of the TOEFL contains fifty
questions. There are three sections to this part of the test.
[2] Part A: in this section you hear a short statement and you are
asked to select the answer closest in meaning to what you heard. There are twenty
questions in Part A.
[3] Part B: In this section you hear a short dialogue between two
speakers. A third speaker will then ask you a question about what was said. There are
fifteen questions in Part B.
[4] Part C: In this section you hear three longer talks. Either a
conversation between two people or a lecture given by one person. Each talk is followed
by four to six questions, for which you are asked to select the best answer. There are
fifteen questions in art C.
[5] Total time for the section is about thirty minutes. There are
fifty questions total on this section.
[李陽(yáng)·克立茲三最口腔肌內(nèi)訓(xùn)練記錄為：35秒]
在進(jìn)行聽力考試的時(shí)候，你要面對(duì)巨大的時(shí)間壓力！因?yàn)椋?BR> You can't take any extra time for hard questions! (對(duì)于難的問題，你沒有多
余的時(shí)間！)
無論聽懂還是聽不懂，難還是簡(jiǎn)單，你都只有同樣的時(shí)間！只有一次機(jī)會(huì)！很多人
由于心理素質(zhì)差和缺 乏技巧而在聽力考試中一敗涂地！所以聽力考 試就象一場(chǎng) 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激 烈的體育
運(yùn)動(dòng)！有人把它比作打網(wǎng)球：
[1] Even if you've never played tennis, you've probably at some
point in your life seen it played. Your goal for this section is to learn to play the
game of Listening comprehension. Understanding what is on the tape is only one small
part o the game. First of all, you need to learn to pace[為…定步調(diào)；掌握速度] yourself.
Think for a moment about what makes a good tennis player
[2] Bad tennis players spend a lot of time watching the ball and
running to try to catch up to it.
[3] Good tennis players spend a lot of time watching their opponents
to anticipate [預(yù)料] where the ball will go so that they can be there first and be ready
to hit it back.
[4] Most people take the Listening Comprehension section the way
bad tennis players play tennis——always running a little bit behind. To do well on
this section, you need to stay one step ahead of your opponent——you need to stay
ahead of the questions.
[李陽(yáng)·克立茲三最口腔肌內(nèi)訓(xùn)練記錄為：35秒]
翻譯的最高境界：中國(guó)人說中國(guó)話
（即使你從來沒有打過網(wǎng)球，但你要能看過別人打。你現(xiàn)在要做的就是學(xué)會(huì)玩聽力
考試的游戲。聽懂只是這個(gè)游戲的一小部分。首先，你需要學(xué)習(xí)如何控制自己的步調(diào)�，F(xiàn)在讓我們來
看看一個(gè)好的網(wǎng)球運(yùn)動(dòng)員是如何做的。
普通的網(wǎng)球運(yùn)動(dòng)者把大部分時(shí)間用在盯著別人的球， 然后再倉(cāng)促地跑過去接球，完
全處于被動(dòng)地位；而網(wǎng)球高手則是盯著對(duì)手，并預(yù)料球的方向以便先發(fā)制人。
大多數(shù)參加聽力考試的人表現(xiàn)得就象那個(gè)普通的網(wǎng)球運(yùn)動(dòng)者，總是慢 一步。所以要
想做好聽力考試，你必須比對(duì)手先行一步，你必須走在問題的前面。
下面我們來談一談技巧。李陽(yáng)·克立茲聽力訓(xùn)練的硬功夫要求是：像母語(yǔ)那樣去聽
懂！這里所談的技巧主要是幫助那些聽力很差的人對(duì)付考試、蒙混過關(guān)，當(dāng)然對(duì)具有英語(yǔ)真功夫的
朋友，這些技巧 也會(huì)幫助他們更加穩(wěn)操勝券！
技巧一： Reading ahead提前閱讀
You have about twelve seconds to answer each of the questions in Parts A
and B, no matter how hard or easy each question may seem. The best use of these twelve
seconds is to use them to get a sense of [進(jìn)行大致了解] the upcoming [即將到來的]
question. To do this:
Read the answer choices before you hear each question.
(在聽每個(gè)問題之前，先抓緊時(shí)間閱讀四個(gè)選擇答案。)
When you take the test, you will hear the voice on the tape reading the
directions for Part A. You will not be able to see the question for Part A until
the directions have been read. However, you should turn the page the instant [一…就]
you hear the end of the directions, which sounds something like this:
Sentence (B)"Could you help me carry these books" is closest in meaning
to the sentence you heard. Therefore you should choose answer (B).
As you are turning the page you will hear
Go on to the next page. Now let us begin Part A with question number one.
But by then you should already be reading the answer choices to question 1
in order to get ready to listen. Then, as soon as you hear
Question number one…
Followed by whatever that question may be, choose your answer and mark it
as quickly as possible. Now you can use the rest of the twelve seconds to read the
answer choices for qwuestion2, and so on
(聽到第一個(gè)問題后，就迅速選擇答案，然后以最快的速度標(biāo)記答案。這時(shí)你就可以
用剩余的/節(jié)省出來的十二秒鐘去閱讀下一個(gè)問題的選擇答案。)
The key to this method is discipline [紀(jì)律]. You'll find you tend to want
to linger [逗留；耽擱] on each of the questions until you hear the beginning of the next
one. DON'T DO IT! That's how you can end up [以…結(jié)束] missing two or three questions
in a row; if you don't know the answer, GUESS an move on!
（這個(gè)方法的關(guān)鍵是紀(jì)律。你可能會(huì)猶豫不定，在每個(gè)問題上耽擱久，直至你聽到下
一個(gè)問題開始。千萬不要這么做！否則你可能會(huì)連續(xù)錯(cuò)過兩、三個(gè)問題，如果你不知道答案，只管
猜，然后就繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。）
[李陽(yáng)·克立茲三最口腔肌肉訓(xùn)練記錄為：60秒]
提前閱讀技巧四步驟總結(jié)
[請(qǐng)用英文講給別人聽]
² When you hear the end of the instructions begin reading the answer
choices for question 1.
² As soon as you hear the question, guess.
² Use the rest of the twelve seconds to read the answer choices for
the next question.
² Repeat steps 2 and 3 until the end of Part A.
技巧二： Guess the Topic猜測(cè)話題
Staying ahead of the questions helps you overcome the problems caused by
the time pressure on this section. Any time you don't see the correct answer, just
guess and keep moving. Now that you're keeping up with the ball in this game, that is ,
staying ahead of the questions, you can begin to practice the second skill you need to
win — anticipating [預(yù)料] what you opponent will do. It's time to tackle [處理；應(yīng)付]
the second major difficulty of this section.
（走在問題的前面幫助你克服了由于時(shí)間緊張而引起的問題。如果你一下找不到正確
的答案，就只管進(jìn)行猜測(cè)，然后繼續(xù)做下面的題目。既然你已經(jīng)能夠跟得上這場(chǎng)聽力游戲中“球”的
速度，那么你就可以開始操練第二個(gè)技巧——預(yù)料你對(duì)手的舉動(dòng)。現(xiàn)在是你對(duì)付第二個(gè)主要難題的時(shí)
候了。）
[李陽(yáng)·克立茲三最口腔肌肉訓(xùn)練記錄為：15秒]
1．No context沒有上下文/沒有前后關(guān)聯(lián)
In face-to-face conversation there are a lot of things that you rely on
to help you understand what the other person is saying — facial expressions, hand
gestures, and what you know about the person or the topic all give additional meaning
to the words used. Furthermore if this person uses some words or expressions that
you 're not familiar with, you can use the context of the rest of the conversation to
help you figure out what they mean.
(在面對(duì)面的談話中，你可以依*很多東西來幫助你理解對(duì)方的話——面部表情、手勢(shì)
和你所了解的對(duì)方的情況和話題，這些都給你額外的含義。另外，如果對(duì)方用了你不熟悉的單詞和
表達(dá)法，你可以借助其余對(duì)話的線索來理解它們的含義。)
All of these cues [線索；提示] are gone on Parts A and B of the Listening
comprehension section. Aside from time, the largest hurdle to get over in order to do
well on this section is that lack of context. For the questions on Parts A and B the
information presented is isolated [孤立的]. The question you're waiting to hear on
the tape could be about anything. You can't see the person speaking, so it's much harder
to figure out their emotional state or opinion.
(在聽力第一和第二部分，這些線索通通消失。除了時(shí)間的因素，這個(gè)部分的最大障
礙就是缺乏上下文，所有的信息都是孤立的。你準(zhǔn)備聽到的可能是任何東西。你看不到那個(gè)人在說
話，所以理解他們的感情狀態(tài)和想法非常困難。)
[李陽(yáng)·克立茲三最口腔肌肉訓(xùn)練記錄為：30秒]
2．Guess the topic猜測(cè)話題
You're reading ahead, you've heard the end of the instructions for Part
A, and you begin to read the answer choices for question 1. Let's say the choices are:
1.(A) I never heard the lecture.
(B) That kind of lecture never fascinates me.
(C) That lecture was the most fascinating I've heard.
(D) I would have preferred a different lecture.
What are most of the answer choices about? A lecture. So the stem will
have to be about the same thing. Now you have a context. You know it will have
something to do with a lecture. Your task is to find out more information about it.
[李陽(yáng)·克立茲三最口腔肌肉訓(xùn)練記錄為：23秒]
技巧三： Three Ways to Find the Right Answer
三個(gè)找到正確答案的方法
Reading ahead helps you keep up. Guessing the topic supplies you with a
context and helps you listen actively. These three techniques help you narrow down
[縮��；限制范圍] your choices whether or not you have actually understood what is
spoken on the tape .
[李陽(yáng)·克立茲三最口腔肌肉訓(xùn)練記錄為：8秒]
1． OPPOSITES相反的選擇
One of ETS's [美國(guó)教育考試機(jī)構(gòu)] favorite kind of wrong answers is one
that traps people who almost understood the stem. It looks pretty similar to the
correct answer, but means the opposite.
For example:
(A) Sunday is a day Mary often works.
(B) Mary rarely works on Sunday.
(C) Some days Mary's work is awful.
(D) Mary has had a terrible cough since Sunday.
In the example above, (A) and (B) are what we call opposites, that is,
both statements could not be true. Of a typical Listening comprehension section, one
third to one half of the questions contain opposites. This is good news for you because:
If there is one pair of opposites in the answer choices, one of them is
the right answer!
(如果在四個(gè)選擇答案中有兩個(gè)對(duì)立/相反的句子，那么其中一個(gè)就是正確答案。)
Even if you never hear the question, you now have a 50 percent chance of
answering this question correctly. Furthermore a pair of opposites in the answer
choices tells you exactly what the stem will be about. You only have to listen to hear
confirmation [確認(rèn)；證實(shí)] of one or the other of the two opposites.
Find the opposites in the example below:
1.(A) Stone does not enjoy clothes shopping.
(B) Stone ate while he tried on the clothes.
(C) Buying clothing is a pleasure for Stone.
(D) Not one piece of clothing was available in his size.
In this example, the opposites are (A), which say that stone doesn't like
to buy clothes, and (C), which says that he does. Now when you hear the stem, you
only need to find out which one is true. The stem is:
If there's one thing Stone hates, It's buying clothes.
So the correct answer is (A).
Now try this one. First, reading the answer choices and find the opposites.
2.(A) I think your desk is far too tiny.
(B) Your desk is too messy.
(C) I think you need a new desk.
(D) I cleaned up your desk.
The opposites are (B) and (D). If you didn't recognize them, you need to be
a little more broad in your understanding of the term. (B) implies that the desk is messy,
and (D) implies that the desk is clean. That's enough for them to be considered opposites.
So now all you need to do is decide if the desk is clean or messy. When you hear the stem.
My, your desk could sure use some tidying up!
You know the answer is (B).
2．COMMON SENSE常識(shí)
The people who write the TOEFL have very conservative tastes. None of their
statements or dialogues will contain anything controversial, violent, passionate, or silly.
(編寫托福考試的人比較保守，他們的句子和對(duì)話都不會(huì)包含有爭(zhēng)議的、激烈的、熱烈
的和愚蠢的東西。)
Remember, you can use common sense to eliminate three types of wrong answers：
Type 1: Answer choices that are too extreme [極端].
(A) Sunday is a day Mary often works.
(B) Mary rarely works on Sunday.
(C) Some days Mary's work is awful.
(D) Mary has had a terrible cough since Sunday.
Answer (C) is too extreme to be a good bet. ETS would probably say someone's
work was "unsatisfactory" or even "bad", but not "awful." Just remember, ETS can't afford
to offend anyone: any answers that might be controversial are automatically wrong.
Type 2: Answer choices that have wrong subject, for example:
(A) He is a good football player.
(B) He doesn't understand football at all.
(C) He lives right across that field.
(D) Playing football indoors is forbidden.
Since most of the answer choices are about football, you know that "football"
is the topic of the stem, therefore you can eliminate answer (C). Now here's the stem
He sure seems right at home on the football field.
The closest in meaning is answer (A). By the way, did you notice that (A)
and (B) were opposites?
Type 3: Answer choices that are just plain silly [明顯的愚蠢], for example:
(A) Rob is too tall to be an actor.
(B) Rob's performance was excellent.
(C) He didn't see Rob on stage.
(D) Rob was suspended above the stage.
Answer (A) is just silly. How can someone be too tall to be an actor? Answer
choice (D) is weird [奇怪的] too. Now here's the stem.
W: How was Rob in the new play last night?
M: Great! He was head and shoulders above the rest of the cast.
Q: what does that man mean?
The expression "head and shoulders above" means "far better than", so the
closest is meaning is answer (B). Notice that both silly answers, (A) and (D), are based
on literal interpretations[字面理解] of the expression "head and shoulders above". If you
hear something in the stem that doesn't make literal sense, it's an idiom. Idioms are a
signal to be on the lookout for [提防；尋找] answer choices that take that idiom literally
and turn it into something silly.
3．OPPOSITES相反的選擇
Another of ETS's favorite trap answers is what we call a sound-alike.
Sound-alikes take some of the words and sounds from the statement or dialogue and rearrange
them so that they have a totally different meaning. Remember this example?
(A) Sunday is a day Mary often works.
(B) Mary rarely works on Sunday.
(C) Some days Mary's work is awful.
(D) Mary has had a terrible cough since Sunday.
The statement was
Sunday is usually Mary's day off.
We already found the opposites in these answers, (A) and (B), and one extreme
answer, (C). So now look at how ETS might trap you with sounds. Notice how many things in
the answer choices echo [回響] the word "off' in the statement— "often", "awful" and
"cough". And in answer (C)，The one answer choice without Sunday, has been replaced with
"some days". The right answer, (B), is one of the pair of opposites, is not silly or
extreme, and contains the fewest sound-alikes.
After you've found the opposites and silly answers, choose the answer choice
that sounds "least " like what you heard on the tape.
You'll notice that many sound-alikes can also be eliminated using common sense.
Summary of Strategy
技巧總結(jié)
Step 1: Read the answer choices before you hear the question.
Step 2: While reading, look for
² The topic for Part A.
² The topic or the question for Part B.
² Opposite pairs in the answer choices
² Anything that violates common sense.
Step 3: Listen to confirm what you found in step 2.
Step 4: Choose your answer. If you are still undecided, choose the answer
choice containing the fewest sounds from the statement or dialogue.
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