國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則(2010)
目 錄
前言. 1
EXW——工廠交貨(……指定地點(diǎn)). 5
FCA——貨交承運(yùn)人(……指定地點(diǎn)). 7
CPT——運(yùn)費(fèi)付至(……指定目的港). 10
CIP——運(yùn)費(fèi)和保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)付至(……指定目的地) 13
DAT——終點(diǎn)站交貨(……指定目的港或目的地) 16
DAP——目的地交貨(……指定目的地). 18
DDP——完稅后交貨(……指定目的地). 20
FAS——船邊交貨(……指定裝運(yùn)港). 22
FOB——船上交貨(……指定裝運(yùn)港). 24
CFR——成本加運(yùn)費(fèi)付至(……指定目的港) 27
CIF——成本,保險(xiǎn)加運(yùn)費(fèi)付至(……指定目的港) 30
國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則2010
全球化經(jīng)濟(jì)賦予商業(yè)以空前寬廣途徑通往世界各地市場(chǎng)。貨物得以在更多的國(guó)家、大量且種類愈繁地銷售。然而隨著全球貿(mào)易數(shù)額的增加與貿(mào)易復(fù)雜性的提升,因銷售合同不恰當(dāng)起草引致誤解與高代價(jià)爭(zhēng)端可能性也提高了。
國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則這一用于國(guó)內(nèi)與國(guó)際貿(mào)易事項(xiàng)的國(guó)際商會(huì)規(guī)則使得全球貿(mào)易行為更便捷。在銷售合同中參引國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則2010可清晰界定各方義務(wù)并降低法律糾紛的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
自1936年國(guó)際商會(huì)創(chuàng)制國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語以來,這項(xiàng)在全球范圍內(nèi)普遍被接受的合同標(biāo)準(zhǔn)經(jīng)常更新,以保持與國(guó)際貿(mào)易發(fā)展步調(diào)一致。國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則2010版考慮到了全球范圍內(nèi)免稅區(qū)的擴(kuò)展,商業(yè)交往中電子通訊運(yùn)用的增多,貨物運(yùn)輸中安保問題關(guān)注度的提高以及運(yùn)輸實(shí)踐中的許多變化。國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則2010更新并加強(qiáng)了“交貨規(guī)則”——規(guī)則的總數(shù)從13降到11,并為每一規(guī)則提供了更為簡(jiǎn)潔和清晰的解釋。國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則2010同時(shí)也是第一部使得所有解釋對(duì)買方與賣方呈現(xiàn)中立的貿(mào)易解釋版本。
國(guó)際商會(huì)商法和實(shí)踐委員會(huì)成員來自世界各地和所有貿(mào)易領(lǐng)域,該委員會(huì)寬泛的專業(yè)技能確保了國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則2010與各地的商貿(mào)需要照應(yīng)。
國(guó)際商會(huì)向Fabio Bortolotti(意大利)的商法和實(shí)踐委員會(huì)的成員表示謝意,向由Charles Debattista(副組長(zhǎng),英國(guó)),Christoph Martin Radtke (副組長(zhǎng),法國(guó)),Jens Bredow (德國(guó)),Johnny Herre (瑞典),David Lwee(英國(guó)),Lauri Railas (芬蘭),Frank Reynold(美國(guó)),Miroslav Subert (捷克)組成的起草小組致謝,并且向?qū)?/SPAN>11條規(guī)則的表述給予幫助的Asko Raty (芬蘭)致謝。
前言
Incoterms 2010規(guī)則闡釋了一系列在貨物銷售商業(yè)(商事)合同實(shí)踐中使用的三字母系列貿(mào)易術(shù)語。Incerotms 2010規(guī)則主要描述貨物從賣方到買方運(yùn)輸過程中涉及的義務(wù)、費(fèi)用和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的分配。
如何運(yùn)用Incoterms®2010規(guī)則
1.將Incoterms®2010規(guī)則訂入到你的銷售合同中
如果你要使Incoterms規(guī)則2010在你的合同中適用,你應(yīng)該在合同中,通過如“所選擇的Incoterms規(guī)則(含指定地點(diǎn))附上Incoterms規(guī)則2010”這類文字以明確表示。
2.選擇適當(dāng)?shù)?/SPAN>Incoterms規(guī)則
所選的Incoterms規(guī)則須與貨物、其運(yùn)輸方式相稱,最重要的是與合同雙方是否有意添加額外義務(wù)相稱,例如安排運(yùn)輸或保險(xiǎn)的義務(wù)于買方或賣方。每個(gè)對(duì)貿(mào)易術(shù)語的指導(dǎo)性解釋中都包含對(duì)做出此項(xiàng)決定非常有幫助的信息。不論是哪一項(xiàng)Incoterms規(guī)則被選用,適用雙方應(yīng)該意識(shí)到對(duì)合同的說明會(huì)頗受到所用港口或地方特有的慣例影響。
3.盡可能精準(zhǔn)地說明你所在地方或港口名稱
僅當(dāng)當(dāng)事人雙方選定特定的一個(gè)收貨地或港口時(shí),所選術(shù)語才能發(fā)揮作用。且地點(diǎn)或港口名稱盡可能精準(zhǔn),Incoterms規(guī)則效用就能發(fā)揮到極致。以下精準(zhǔn)詳述就是一個(gè)很好的例子:
Incoterms 2010,FCA規(guī)則,法國(guó),巴黎,38 Cours Albert 1er
在Incoterms規(guī)則下:
EXW 工廠交貨(……指定地點(diǎn))
FCA 貨交承運(yùn)人(……指定地點(diǎn))”
DAT 終點(diǎn)站交貨(……指定目的地)
DAP 地點(diǎn)交貨 (……指定目的地)
DDP 完稅后交貨(……指定目的地)
FAS 船邊交貨(……指定裝運(yùn)港)
FOB 船上交貨(……指定裝運(yùn)港)
此處所指地點(diǎn)為交貨地點(diǎn),同時(shí)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)也從賣方轉(zhuǎn)移至買方。Incoterms規(guī)則下 CPT (運(yùn)費(fèi)付至),CIP (運(yùn)費(fèi)、保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)付至),CFR( 成本加運(yùn)費(fèi)) ,CIF (成本、保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)加運(yùn)費(fèi)),所指地點(diǎn)因交貨地不同而不同。在這些Incoterms規(guī)則下,所指地點(diǎn)為運(yùn)費(fèi)付至地。 為避免疑問和爭(zhēng)議,對(duì)指定地點(diǎn)或目的地可通過作進(jìn)一步有益闡述使之成為一個(gè)精確的地點(diǎn)。
4..謹(jǐn)記Incoterms規(guī)則并沒有給當(dāng)事人提供一份完整的銷售合同
Incoterm規(guī)則確有闡述銷售合同中當(dāng)事人的特定義務(wù),當(dāng)賣方將貨物運(yùn)至買方時(shí),辦理運(yùn)輸和保險(xiǎn)義務(wù)的承擔(dān)。然而,Incoterms并沒有任何關(guān)于付款價(jià)格或付款方式的規(guī)定,或是貨物所有權(quán)的轉(zhuǎn)移,違約的后果等。這些問題通常是通過銷售合同的明示條款和適用的法律條文來解決。當(dāng)事人需要注意的是,當(dāng)?shù)貜?qiáng)制適用的法律有可能優(yōu)先于銷售合同的內(nèi)容,包括所選擇的Incoterms規(guī)則。
2010年國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則(以下簡(jiǎn)稱Incoterms2010)的主要特點(diǎn)
1.兩個(gè)新的貿(mào)易術(shù)語——DAT與DAP,取代了2000年國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則中的DAF、DES、DEQ和DDU規(guī)則。
國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語的數(shù)量從13個(gè)減至11個(gè),這是因?yàn)?/SPAN>DAT(運(yùn)輸終點(diǎn)交貨)和DAP(目的地交貨)這兩個(gè)新規(guī)則取代了Incoterms2000中的DAF、DES、DEQ和DDU規(guī)則。但這并不影響約定的運(yùn)輸方式的適用。
在這兩個(gè)新規(guī)則下,交貨在指定目的地進(jìn)行:在DAT術(shù)語下,買方處置運(yùn)達(dá)并卸載的貨物所在地(這與以前的DEQ規(guī)定的相同);在DAP術(shù)語下,同樣是指買方處置,但需做好卸貨的準(zhǔn)備(這與以前的DAF、DES和DDU規(guī)定的相同)。
新的規(guī)則使Incoterms2000中的DES和DEQ變得多余。DAT術(shù)語下的指定目的地可以是指港口,并且DAT可完全適用于Incoterms2000中DEQ所適用的情形。同樣地,DAP術(shù)語下的到達(dá)的“運(yùn)輸工具”可以是指船舶,指定目的地可以是指港口,因此,DAP可完全適用于Incoterms2000中DES所適用的情形。與其前任規(guī)則相同,新規(guī)則也是 “到貨交付式”的由買方承擔(dān)所有費(fèi)用,即買方承擔(dān)全部費(fèi)用(除了與進(jìn)口清算有關(guān)的費(fèi)用)以及貨物運(yùn)至指定目的地前所包含的全部風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
2.Incoterms2010的11個(gè)術(shù)語的分類
Incoterms2010的11個(gè)術(shù)語分為顯然不同的兩類:
適用于任一或多種運(yùn)輸方式的規(guī)則
EWX工廠交貨
FCA貨交承運(yùn)人
CPT 運(yùn)費(fèi)付至
CIP 運(yùn)費(fèi)及保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)付至
DAT 目的地交貨
DAP 所在地交貨
DDP 完稅后交貨
只適用與海運(yùn)及內(nèi)河運(yùn)輸?shù)囊?guī)則
FAS 船邊交貨
FOB船上交貨
CFR成本加運(yùn)費(fèi)
CIF 成本、保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)加運(yùn)費(fèi)
第一類所包含的七個(gè)Incoterms2010術(shù)語——EWX、FCA、CPT、CIP、DAT、DAP和DDP,可以適用于特定的運(yùn)輸方式,亦可適用于一種或同時(shí)適用于多種運(yùn)輸方式,甚至可適用于非海事運(yùn)輸?shù)那樾。但是需要注意,以上這些規(guī)則僅適用于存在船舶作為運(yùn)輸工具之一的情形。
在第二類術(shù)語中,交貨點(diǎn)和把貨物送達(dá)買方的地點(diǎn)都是港口,所以只適用于“海上或內(nèi)陸水上運(yùn)輸”。
FAS,FOB,CFR和CIF都屬于這一類。最后的三個(gè)術(shù)語,刪除了以越過船舷為交貨標(biāo)準(zhǔn)而代之以將貨物裝運(yùn)上船。這更貼切的反映了現(xiàn)代商業(yè)實(shí)際且避免了風(fēng)險(xiǎn)在臆想垂線上來回?fù)u擺這一頗為陳舊的觀念。
3. 國(guó)內(nèi)貿(mào)易與國(guó)際貿(mào)易的規(guī)定
國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則在傳統(tǒng)意義被用于存在跨境運(yùn)輸?shù)膰?guó)際銷售合同中,此種交易需要將貨物進(jìn)行跨越國(guó)境的運(yùn)輸。然而,在世界許多地區(qū),如歐盟這樣的商貿(mào)集團(tuán)已經(jīng)使得不同國(guó)家間的過關(guān)手續(xù)變得不那么重要。因此,國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則2010通過這一副標(biāo)題正式認(rèn)可該通則既可以適用于國(guó)內(nèi)的也可以適用于國(guó)際的銷售合同。所以,國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則2010在一些地方明確規(guī)定,只有在適當(dāng)?shù)那樾危糯嬖谧袷剡M(jìn)/出口手續(xù)義務(wù)。
兩項(xiàng)發(fā)展使得國(guó)際商會(huì)相信在這個(gè)方向的改革是適時(shí)的。首先,商人們普遍在純國(guó)內(nèi)銷售合同中使用國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)解釋通則。其次,比起之前的統(tǒng)一商法典中關(guān)于裝運(yùn)和交付的條款,美國(guó)人在國(guó)內(nèi)貿(mào)易中使用國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則意愿增強(qiáng)了。
4、引言
在世界貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則2010的每條規(guī)則前面,都有一條引言。引言解釋每條規(guī)
前面,都有一條引言。引言解釋每條規(guī)則的基本內(nèi)容,比如說該規(guī)則何時(shí)被用到,風(fēng)險(xiǎn)何時(shí)發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)移,還有費(fèi)用如何在賣方和賣方之間分擔(dān)等等。引言并不是實(shí)際的國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則2010的規(guī)則的組成,但是它們能幫助使用者更準(zhǔn)確、更有效地針對(duì)特定的貿(mào)易運(yùn)用合適的國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則的規(guī)則。
5. 電子通信
之前版本的國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則已經(jīng)說明了可以被電子數(shù)據(jù)交換信息替代的文件。然而,世界貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則2010的A1/B1條賦予電子方式的通信和紙質(zhì)通信相同的效力,只要締約雙方同意或存在交易慣例。這一規(guī)定使世界貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則2010使用期內(nèi)新的電子程序的發(fā)展更順暢。
6. 保險(xiǎn)范圍
世界貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則2010是協(xié)會(huì)貨物條款修訂以來的第一版世界貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則,并對(duì)那些條款的變更做了考慮。
國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則2010把有關(guān)保險(xiǎn)的信息義務(wù)規(guī)定在A3/B3條,這些條款涉及運(yùn)輸和保險(xiǎn)合同。這些條款已經(jīng)從國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則2000的A10/B10條中的更一般的條款中被刪除了。為了明確締約方在該事項(xiàng)上義務(wù),關(guān)于保險(xiǎn)的A3/B3條的行文也做了變化。
7. 安全清關(guān)和這些許可所需要的信息
現(xiàn)如今,貨物運(yùn)送過程中的安全問題得到了高度的重視,要求確認(rèn)貨物除了本身固有性質(zhì)原因外對(duì)人身和財(cái)產(chǎn)不造成威脅。因而,在買方和賣方間已經(jīng)分配了相應(yīng)的責(zé)任,以在取得安全清關(guān)中獲得或者提供幫助,如在多樣國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語2010中的A2/B2和A10/B10條款中連鎖保管的信息。
8、終點(diǎn)站處理費(fèi)用
在CPT、CIP、CFR、CIF、DAT、DAP和DDP等國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語規(guī)則中,賣家必須為貨物到商定好目的地的運(yùn)輸作出安排。雖然運(yùn)費(fèi)是由賣家支付的,但因?yàn)檫\(yùn)費(fèi)一般被賣方納入總體銷售價(jià)格中,所以實(shí)際上運(yùn)費(fèi)是由買方支付的。
運(yùn)費(fèi)有時(shí)候會(huì)包含港口或集裝箱終端設(shè)施內(nèi)處理與移動(dòng)貨物的費(fèi)用并且承運(yùn)人和終點(diǎn)站運(yùn)營(yíng)方也可能向收到貨物的買方收取這些費(fèi)用。
在這些情況下,買家會(huì)希望避免為同一服務(wù)繳費(fèi)兩次,一次付給賣家作為銷售價(jià)格中一部分與一次單獨(dú)地付給承運(yùn)人或者終點(diǎn)站運(yùn)營(yíng)方。
國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則2010在文件A6/B6的相關(guān)規(guī)則中明確分配這類費(fèi)用,以求避免類似情形的發(fā)生。
9. 連環(huán)銷售
在農(nóng)礦產(chǎn)品銷售中,相對(duì)于工業(yè)品的銷售,貨物經(jīng)常在鏈條運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)中被頻繁銷售多次。這種情況發(fā)生時(shí),在鏈條中間環(huán)節(jié)的賣方并不“船運(yùn)”這些貨物,因?yàn)檫@些貨物已經(jīng)由最開始的賣方船運(yùn)了。連環(huán)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)中間環(huán)節(jié)的賣方因而履行其對(duì)買方的義務(wù),并不是通過船運(yùn)貨物,而是通過“取得”已經(jīng)被船運(yùn)的貨物。
為明確起見,《國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則2010》的規(guī)則包含了“取得已船運(yùn)的貨物”的義務(wù),以將此作為通則的相關(guān)規(guī)則中船運(yùn)貨物義務(wù)的替代義務(wù)。
國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語的/變體
有時(shí)各方想要改動(dòng)一項(xiàng)國(guó)際術(shù)語規(guī)則。國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語規(guī)則2010不禁止此類改動(dòng),但是這樣做會(huì)有危險(xiǎn)。為了避免任何不欲之意外,各方在他們的合同中將需要使得該改動(dòng)所需效果極其清晰。因此,比如說,如果國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語規(guī)則2010中的費(fèi)用分配量在合同中被改變,各方亦需要很清楚的表明他們是否意圖改變風(fēng)險(xiǎn)從賣方轉(zhuǎn)至買方的臨界點(diǎn)。
本前言的功能地位
本前言為《國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則2010》提供運(yùn)用和解釋的總體信息。而并不是這些規(guī)則的組成部分。
《2010年國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則》中術(shù)語的使用解釋
正如在2000年通則中,買方與賣方的義務(wù)以鏡像方式呈現(xiàn):A條款下反映賣方義務(wù);B條款下反映買方義務(wù)。這些義務(wù)可以由賣方或買方以個(gè)人名義履行,有時(shí)抑或受制于合同或者適用法律中的個(gè)別條款的規(guī)定,由諸如承運(yùn)人、轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)代理人等中介組織,或者其他由賣方或者買方基于特定目的而委托的人來履行。
2010年國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則語義應(yīng)是不言而喻了。然而,為了幫助使用者理解,下文將對(duì)在文件中通篇被運(yùn)用的特定規(guī)則展開正確、理性的說明。
承運(yùn)人:就2010年通則而言,承運(yùn)人是指與托運(yùn)人簽署運(yùn)輸合同的一方。
報(bào)關(guān)單:這些是指為了遵守任何可適用的海關(guān)規(guī)定而需要滿足的一些要求,可能包括單據(jù)、安全、信息或?qū)嵨镏x務(wù)。
交貨:這個(gè)概念在貿(mào)易法和實(shí)務(wù)中有著多重含義,但在2010年通則中,它被用于表明貨物遺失損害風(fēng)險(xiǎn)何時(shí)由賣方轉(zhuǎn)移到買方。
交貨憑證:這個(gè)表述現(xiàn)在被用作A8條款的標(biāo)題。它意指用于證明已完成交貨的憑證。對(duì)眾多的2010年通則條款,交貨憑證是指運(yùn)輸憑證或相應(yīng)的電子記錄。然而,在工廠交貨(EXW)、貨交承運(yùn)人(FCA)、裝運(yùn)港船邊交貨(FAS)、裝運(yùn)港船上交貨(FOB)的情況下,交貨憑證可能只是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的收據(jù)。交貨憑證也可能有其他功能,比如作為支付機(jī)制的組成等等。
電子記錄或程序:由一種或更多的電子信息組成的一系列信息,適用情況下,其在效力上與相應(yīng)的紙質(zhì)文件等同。
包裝:這個(gè)詞被用于不同的原因:
1.遵照銷售合同中任何要求的貨物包裝。
2.使貨物適合運(yùn)輸?shù)陌b。
3.集裝箱或其他運(yùn)輸工具中已包裝貨物的配載。
在2010年通則中,包裝的含義包括上述第一種和第二種。然而,2010通則并未涉及貨物在貨柜中的裝載義務(wù)由誰承擔(dān),因而,在相關(guān)情形,各方應(yīng)當(dāng)在銷售合同中做出規(guī)定。
EXW——工廠交貨(……指定地點(diǎn))
本條規(guī)則與(當(dāng)事人)所選擇的運(yùn)輸模式無關(guān),即便(當(dāng)事人)選擇多種運(yùn)輸模式,亦可適用該規(guī)則。本規(guī)則較適用于國(guó)內(nèi)交易,對(duì)于國(guó)際交易,則應(yīng)選FCA[1] “貨交承運(yùn)人(……指定地點(diǎn))”規(guī)則為佳。
“工廠交貨(---指定地點(diǎn))”是指當(dāng)賣方在其所在地或其他指定的地點(diǎn)(如工場(chǎng)(強(qiáng)調(diào)生產(chǎn)制造場(chǎng)所)、工廠(制造場(chǎng)所)或倉(cāng)庫(kù)等)將貨物交給買方處置時(shí),即完成交貨。賣方不需將貨物裝上任何運(yùn)輸工具,在需要辦理出口清關(guān)手續(xù)時(shí),賣方亦不必為貨物辦理出口清關(guān)手續(xù)。
雙方都應(yīng)該盡可能明確的指定貨物交付地點(diǎn),因?yàn)榇藭r(shí)(交付前的)費(fèi)用與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)由賣方承擔(dān)。買方必須承當(dāng)在雙方約定的地點(diǎn)或在指定地受領(lǐng)貨物的全部費(fèi)用和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
EXW 是賣方承擔(dān)責(zé)任最小的術(shù)語。它應(yīng)遵守以下使用規(guī)則:
賣方?jīng)]有義務(wù)為買方裝載貨物,即使在實(shí)際中由賣方裝載貨物可能更方便。若由賣方裝載貨物,相關(guān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用亦由買方承擔(dān)。如果賣方在裝載貨物中處于優(yōu)勢(shì)地位,則使用由賣方承擔(dān)裝載費(fèi)用與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的FCA術(shù)語通常更合適。
買方在與賣方使用EXW術(shù)語時(shí)應(yīng)知曉,賣方僅在買方要求(更符合術(shù)語特質(zhì))辦理出口手續(xù)時(shí)負(fù)有協(xié)助的義務(wù):(但是),賣方并無義務(wù)主動(dòng)(更強(qiáng)調(diào)最小義務(wù),吸收進(jìn)2010年本身的意義)辦理出口清關(guān)手續(xù)。因此如果買方不能直接或間接地辦理出口清關(guān)手續(xù),建議買方不要使用EXW術(shù)語。
買方承擔(dān)向賣方提供關(guān)于貨物出口之信息的有限義務(wù)。但是,賣方可能需要這些用作諸如納稅(申報(bào)稅款)、報(bào)關(guān)等目的的信息。
A THE SELLER’ OBLIGATIONS
賣方義務(wù) |
B THE BUYER’ OBLIGATIONS
買方義務(wù) |
A1賣方的一般義務(wù)
賣方必須按照銷售合同提供貨物和商業(yè)發(fā)票,以及合同可能要求的、用以證明貨物符合合同規(guī)定的其他任何憑證。
所有在A1-A10條款中提及的文件,(均)可采用經(jīng)當(dāng)事人協(xié)定或約定俗成、具有同等作用的電子記錄或者手續(xù)。 |
B1買方的一般義務(wù)
買方必須按照買賣合同之規(guī)定支付貨物價(jià)款。
所有在B1-B10條款中提及的文件,(均)可采用經(jīng)當(dāng)事人協(xié)定或約定俗成、具有同等作用的電子記錄或者手續(xù)。 |
A2許可證、批準(zhǔn)、安全通關(guān)及其他手續(xù)
在需要辦理海關(guān)手續(xù)時(shí),應(yīng)買方要求并由買方承當(dāng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用時(shí),賣方應(yīng)協(xié)助買方辦理出口貨物必須的出口許可證或其他官方許可。
應(yīng)買方要求并由其承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用,在需要辦理海關(guān)手續(xù)時(shí),賣方必須提供其掌握的貨物安全檢查所要求的任何信息。 |
B2許可證、批準(zhǔn)、安全通關(guān)及其他手續(xù)
在需要辦理海關(guān)手續(xù)時(shí), 買方必須自擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用,由其取得任何出口和進(jìn)口許可證或其他官方許可,并辦理貨物出口的一切海關(guān)手續(xù)。
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A3運(yùn)輸合同與保險(xiǎn)合同
a) 運(yùn)輸合同
賣方?jīng)]有為買方簽訂運(yùn)輸合同的義務(wù)
b) 保險(xiǎn)合同
賣方?jīng)]有義務(wù)與買方簽訂保險(xiǎn)合同。然而,當(dāng)買方請(qǐng)求或由其承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與(或有的)費(fèi)用時(shí),賣方必須向買方提供其獲取保險(xiǎn)所需要的信息。 |
B3運(yùn)輸合同和保險(xiǎn)合同
a)運(yùn)輸合同
買方?jīng)]有為賣方簽訂運(yùn)輸合同的義務(wù)
b)保險(xiǎn)合同
買方?jīng)]有與賣方簽訂保險(xiǎn)合同的義務(wù)
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A4 交貨
賣方應(yīng)在約定點(diǎn)或在指定地點(diǎn)將未置于任何運(yùn)輸車輛上的貨物交給買方處置。若在指定的地點(diǎn)內(nèi)未約定具體交貨點(diǎn),或有若干個(gè)交貨點(diǎn)可使用,賣方可選擇最符合其目的之地進(jìn)行交貨。賣方需在約定地或約定時(shí)間內(nèi)交貨。 |
B4受領(lǐng)貨物(接收貨物)
買方必須在賣方按照A4 和A7 規(guī)定交貨時(shí)受領(lǐng)貨物。 |
A5風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移
除發(fā)生B5中所描述之滅失或損壞的情形外,賣方必須承當(dāng)貨物滅失或損壞的一切風(fēng)險(xiǎn),直至已經(jīng)按照A4規(guī)定交貨為止。 |
B5風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移
自賣方按A4規(guī)定交貨之時(shí)起,買方必須承擔(dān)貨物滅失或損壞的一切風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
如果買方未按照B7之規(guī)定通知賣方,則自約定的交貨日期或交貨期限屆滿之日起,買方必須承當(dāng)貨物滅失或損壞的一切風(fēng)險(xiǎn),但以該項(xiàng)貨物已清楚地確定為合同項(xiàng)下之貨物為限。 |
A6 費(fèi)用劃分
除B6預(yù)設(shè)的可由買方支付的費(fèi)用外,賣方必須承擔(dān)與貨物有關(guān)的所有費(fèi)用,直到其按照A4規(guī)定交貨為止。 |
B6 費(fèi)用劃分
買方必須支付:
自按照 A4規(guī)定交貨之時(shí)起與貨物有關(guān)的一切費(fèi)用;
在貨物已交給買方處置而買方未受領(lǐng)貨物或未按照 B7規(guī)定給予賣方相應(yīng)通知而發(fā)生的任何額外費(fèi)用,但以該項(xiàng)貨物已正式劃歸合同項(xiàng)下為限;
在需要辦理海關(guān)手續(xù)時(shí),貨物出口應(yīng)交納的一切關(guān)稅、稅款和其他費(fèi)用,以及辦理海關(guān)手續(xù)的費(fèi)用。
賣方按照 A2規(guī)定給予協(xié)助時(shí)所發(fā)生的一切成本與費(fèi)用。 |
A7通知買方
賣方必須提供能使買方提貨的所需通知。 |
B7通知賣方
一旦買方有權(quán)確定在約定的期限內(nèi)受領(lǐng)貨物的具體時(shí)間和/或地點(diǎn)時(shí),應(yīng)就此給予賣方充分的通知 |
A8交貨憑證
賣方無義務(wù)。 |
B8交貨證明
買方必須向賣方提供已受領(lǐng)貨物的適當(dāng)憑證。 |
A9 檢查、包裝、標(biāo)志
賣方必須支付與A4規(guī)定一致的、以交付貨物為目的的查對(duì)費(fèi)用(如查對(duì)貨物品質(zhì)、丈量、過磅、點(diǎn)數(shù)的費(fèi)用)。
賣方必須支付貨物包裝費(fèi)用,除非是不需要包裝便可進(jìn)行運(yùn)輸?shù)奶厥庳浳。賣方應(yīng)采取適宜運(yùn)輸?shù)陌b方式,除非買方在簽訂買賣合同前便告知賣方特定的包裝要求。包裝應(yīng)作適當(dāng)標(biāo)記。
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B9 貨物檢驗(yàn)
買方必須支付裝船前檢驗(yàn)的強(qiáng)制性費(fèi)用, 包括由出口國(guó)當(dāng)局強(qiáng)制檢查(的費(fèi)用)。 |
A10信息幫助和相關(guān)費(fèi)用
應(yīng)買方要求并由其承當(dāng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用時(shí),賣方須在合適的情況下為買方提供及時(shí)的幫助,以幫助買方取得其出口和/或進(jìn)口貨物以及將貨物運(yùn)至最后目的地所需的任何單據(jù)和信息,包括與安全有關(guān)的信息。
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B10信息幫助和相關(guān)費(fèi)用
為使賣方可以履行A10之規(guī)定,買方必須及時(shí)通知賣方其對(duì)于相關(guān)交易安全信息的要求。
買方必須補(bǔ)償賣方(由于提供給買方獲得A10中提到的訊息和單據(jù)而可能)產(chǎn)生的所有費(fèi)用和代價(jià)。
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CIP——運(yùn)費(fèi)和保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)付至(……指定目的地)
該術(shù)語可適用于各種運(yùn)輸方式,也可以用于使用兩種以上的運(yùn)輸方式時(shí)。
“運(yùn)費(fèi)和保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)付至”含義是在約定的地方(如果該地在雙方間達(dá)成一致)賣方向承運(yùn)人或是賣方指定的另一個(gè)人發(fā)貨,以及賣方必須簽訂合同和支付將貨物運(yùn)至目的地的運(yùn)費(fèi)。
賣方還必須訂立保險(xiǎn)合同以防買方貨物在運(yùn)輸途中滅失或損壞風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。買方應(yīng)注意到CIP(運(yùn)費(fèi)和保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)付至指定目的地)術(shù)語只要求賣方投保最低限度的保險(xiǎn)險(xiǎn)別。如買方需要更多的保險(xiǎn)保障,則需要與賣方明確地達(dá)成協(xié)議,或者自行作出額外的保險(xiǎn)安排。
在CPT,CIP,CFR和CIF在這些術(shù)語下,當(dāng)賣方將貨物交付與承運(yùn)人時(shí)而不是貨物到達(dá)目的地時(shí),賣方已經(jīng)完成其交貨義務(wù)。
由于風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用因地點(diǎn)之不同而轉(zhuǎn)移,本規(guī)則有兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)。買賣雙方最好在合同中盡可能精確地確認(rèn)交貨地點(diǎn),風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移至買方地,以及賣方必須訂立運(yùn)輸合同所到達(dá)的指定目的地。若將貨物運(yùn)輸至約定目的地用到若干承運(yùn)人而買賣雙方未就具體交貨點(diǎn)達(dá)成一致,則默認(rèn)為風(fēng)險(xiǎn)自貨物于某一交貨點(diǎn)被交付至第一承運(yùn)人時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)移,該交貨點(diǎn)完全由賣方選擇而買方無權(quán)控制。如果買賣雙方希望風(fēng)險(xiǎn)在之后的某一階段轉(zhuǎn)移(例如在一個(gè)海港或一個(gè)機(jī)場(chǎng)),則他們需要在其買賣合同中明確之。
將貨物運(yùn)輸至具體交貨地點(diǎn)的費(fèi)用由賣方承擔(dān),因此雙方最好盡可能明確在約定的目的地的具體交貨地點(diǎn)。賣方最好制定與此次交易精確匹配的的運(yùn)輸合同。如果賣方按照運(yùn)輸合同在指定的目的地卸貨而支付費(fèi)用,除非雙方另有約定,賣方無權(quán)向買方追討費(fèi)用。
CIP術(shù)語要求賣方在必要時(shí)辦理貨物出口清關(guān)手續(xù)。但是,賣方不承擔(dān)辦理貨物進(jìn)口清關(guān)手續(xù),支付任何進(jìn)口關(guān)稅,或者履行任何進(jìn)口報(bào)關(guān)手續(xù)的義務(wù)。
A THE SELLER’ OBLIGATIONS
賣方義務(wù) |
B THE BUYER’ OBLIGATIONS
買方義務(wù) |
A1賣方的一般義務(wù)
賣方必須提供符合銷售合同規(guī)定的貨物和商業(yè)發(fā)票,以及合同可能要求的其他任何憑證。
如經(jīng)雙方當(dāng)事人約定或者存在慣例,那么A1-A10中提及的任何文件都可以是一個(gè)等價(jià)的電子版的記錄或程序。 |
B1買方的一般義務(wù)
買方必須按照銷售合同規(guī)定支付貨物價(jià)款。
經(jīng)買賣雙方同意或依據(jù)慣例,B1-B10中所述之單據(jù)可以是同等作用的電子備案手續(xù)。 |
A2許可證、批準(zhǔn)、安全通關(guān)及其他手續(xù)
如有需要,賣方必須自擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用,取得任何出口許可證或其他官方授權(quán),并辦理貨物出口及交貨前貨物從他國(guó)國(guó)境所需的一切海關(guān)手續(xù) |
B2許可證、批準(zhǔn)、安全通關(guān)及其他手續(xù)
需要取得進(jìn)口許可證、辦理海關(guān)手續(xù)時(shí),買方應(yīng)當(dāng)自擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與費(fèi)用,取得任何進(jìn)口許可以及其他官方授權(quán),并辦理貨物進(jìn)口以及從他國(guó)過境的一切海關(guān)手續(xù)。 |
A3運(yùn)輸合同與保險(xiǎn)合同
a) 運(yùn)輸合同
賣方必須訂立一個(gè)貨物運(yùn)輸合同,以將貨物從交付地區(qū)的約定的任何的交付點(diǎn),運(yùn)送至指定的目的地,或者也可以運(yùn)至指定地區(qū)約定的具體地點(diǎn)。
賣方必須自行承擔(dān)費(fèi)用,并按照通常條件訂立運(yùn)輸合同,同時(shí)合同須依照通常路線及習(xí)慣方式來提供貨物。
若未約定或按照慣例也不能確定具體的地點(diǎn),則賣方可選擇最符合其目的的交貨點(diǎn),以及在指定目的地的最適合其目的的交貨點(diǎn)
b) 保險(xiǎn)合同
賣方必須自付費(fèi)用取得貨物保險(xiǎn),該貨物保險(xiǎn)至少應(yīng)按照《協(xié)會(huì)貨物保險(xiǎn)條款》(勞埃德市場(chǎng)協(xié)會(huì)/國(guó)際保險(xiǎn)人協(xié)會(huì))的條款或其他類似條款中的最低保險(xiǎn)險(xiǎn)別投保。保險(xiǎn)合同應(yīng)與信譽(yù)良好的保險(xiǎn)人或保險(xiǎn)公司訂立,并賦予買方或任何其他對(duì)貨物具有保險(xiǎn)利益的人直接向保險(xiǎn)人索賠的權(quán)利。
當(dāng)買方提出要求時(shí),賣方應(yīng)要求并且根據(jù)買方所提供的必要信息,在可行的情況下,由買方付費(fèi)給予買方加投額外的保險(xiǎn),比如給予《協(xié)會(huì)貨物保險(xiǎn)條款》(勞埃德市場(chǎng)協(xié)會(huì)/國(guó)際保險(xiǎn)人協(xié)會(huì))中的條款(A)或者(B)的險(xiǎn)級(jí)保障或類似條款的險(xiǎn)級(jí)保障,和/或給予《協(xié)會(huì)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)條款》和/或《協(xié)會(huì)罷工條款》或者其他類似條款的險(xiǎn)級(jí)保障。
保險(xiǎn)金額最低限度應(yīng)包括合同規(guī)定價(jià)款的另加10%(即110%),并應(yīng)采用合同中約定的貨幣。
保險(xiǎn)應(yīng)當(dāng)包括,從 A4和A5中規(guī)定的發(fā)貨起點(diǎn)起,至少到達(dá)指定目的地的貨物。
賣方應(yīng)向買方提供保險(xiǎn)單或者其他保險(xiǎn)范圍的證據(jù)。
此外,賣方必須根據(jù)買方的要求、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用(如果有的話),向買方提供買方需要投資額外保險(xiǎn)的信息。 |
B3運(yùn)輸合同和保險(xiǎn)合同
a)運(yùn)輸合同
買方對(duì)賣方?jīng)]有義務(wù)制定運(yùn)輸合同。
b)保險(xiǎn)合同
買方對(duì)賣方?jīng)]有義務(wù)制定保險(xiǎn)合同。但是,應(yīng)賣方要求,買方必須按照A3 b)的規(guī)定向賣方提供必要的信息,以便賣方應(yīng)買方之要求購(gòu)買任何額外的保險(xiǎn)。 |
A4 交貨
賣方必須按照約定日期或期限,向按照A3規(guī)定訂立合同的承運(yùn)人交貨 |
B4受領(lǐng)貨物(接收貨物)
買方必須在賣方按照A4規(guī)定交貨時(shí)受領(lǐng)貨物,并在指定的目的地從承運(yùn)人處收受貨物。 |
A5風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移
賣方在按照A4的規(guī)定交付商品之前,承擔(dān)所有的貨物毀損或滅失責(zé)任,但貨物的毀損或滅失是由于B5所述的情況的除外。 |
B5風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移
買方承擔(dān)按照A4規(guī)定交貨后貨物滅失或損壞的一切風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
買方如未按照B7規(guī)定通知賣方,則必須從約定的交貨日期或交貨期限屆滿之日起,承擔(dān)貨物滅失或損壞的一切風(fēng)險(xiǎn),但以該項(xiàng)貨物明確的規(guī)定為合同項(xiàng)下之貨物為限。 |
A6 費(fèi)用劃分
賣方必須支付
a) 直至按照A4的規(guī)定交貨為止前與貨物有關(guān)的一切費(fèi)用,除B6中規(guī)定的買家所需支付的費(fèi)用;
b) 按照A3 a)規(guī)定所發(fā)生的運(yùn)費(fèi)和其他一切費(fèi)用,包括裝船費(fèi)和根據(jù)運(yùn)輸合同應(yīng)由賣方支付的在目的地的卸貨費(fèi);
c) 按照A3 b)規(guī)定所發(fā)生的保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)用;及
d) 在需要辦理海關(guān)手續(xù)時(shí),貨物出口需要辦理的海關(guān)手續(xù)費(fèi)用,以及貨物出口時(shí)應(yīng)交納的一切關(guān)稅、稅款和其他費(fèi)用,以及根據(jù)運(yùn)輸合同由賣方支付的貨物從他國(guó)過境的費(fèi)用。 |
B6 費(fèi)用劃分
根據(jù)A3 a)的規(guī)定,買方應(yīng)當(dāng)支付
a)根據(jù)A4規(guī)定的從交貨時(shí)起與貨物有關(guān)的一切費(fèi)用,除了在可適用情況下,貨物出口所需的海關(guān)手續(xù)費(fèi)用,以及關(guān)稅、稅額和A6中規(guī)定的出口所應(yīng)支付的其他費(fèi)用應(yīng)由賣方支付
b)及貨物在運(yùn)輸途中直至到達(dá)約定目的地為止的一切費(fèi)用,除非這些費(fèi)用根據(jù)運(yùn)輸合同約定應(yīng)由賣方支付
c)及卸載費(fèi),除非這些費(fèi)用根據(jù)運(yùn)輸合同約定應(yīng)由賣方支付
d)如買方未按照B7規(guī)定給予賣方通知,則自約定的裝運(yùn)日期或裝運(yùn)期限屆滿之日起,貨物所發(fā)生的任何額外費(fèi)用,但以該項(xiàng)貨物已經(jīng)清楚地確定為合同項(xiàng)下的貨物為限;
e)在需要辦理海關(guān)手續(xù)時(shí),貨物進(jìn)口應(yīng)交納的一切關(guān)稅、稅款和其他費(fèi)用,及辦理海關(guān)手續(xù)的費(fèi)用,以及從他國(guó)過境的費(fèi)用,除非這些費(fèi)用已包括在運(yùn)輸合同中。及
f)在A3和B3之下,應(yīng)買方要求購(gòu)買任何額外保險(xiǎn)的費(fèi)用 |
A7通知買方
賣方必須通知買方貨物已按照A4規(guī)定交貨。
買方必須給予買方任何有必要的通知,以便買方能夠?yàn)榻邮肇浳锒扇⊥ǔ1匾拇胧?/SPAN> |
B7通知賣方
一旦買方有權(quán)決定發(fā)運(yùn)貨物的時(shí)間和/或指定的目的地/或接收貨物目的地的具體地點(diǎn),買方必須就此給予賣方充分通知。 |
A8交貨憑證
如果依習(xí)慣或按照買方要求,賣方必須自付費(fèi)用向買方提供按照A3訂立的運(yùn)輸合同所涉及的通常運(yùn)輸單據(jù)
這份運(yùn)輸單據(jù)必須包括合同貨物并且要在約定的運(yùn)輸期間內(nèi)簽署。如果依照約定或習(xí)慣,這份單據(jù)也必須要讓買方能在確定的地點(diǎn)向運(yùn)輸方領(lǐng)取貨物,并且還要讓買方能通過轉(zhuǎn)讓單據(jù)給下一個(gè)買家或告知運(yùn)輸方的方式賣出貨物。
當(dāng)這樣一份單據(jù)以協(xié)商的形式訂立并且有若干原件的時(shí)候,必須向買方提供所有原件。 |
B8 提貨證據(jù)
買方必須接受按照A8規(guī)定提供的運(yùn)輸單據(jù),如果該單據(jù)符合合同規(guī)定的話。 |
A9 檢查、包裝、標(biāo)志
賣方必須支付為按照A4規(guī)定交貨所需進(jìn)行的查對(duì)費(fèi)用(如核對(duì)貨物品質(zhì)、丈量、過磅、點(diǎn)數(shù)的費(fèi)用)以及出口國(guó)有關(guān)機(jī)關(guān)的裝運(yùn)前的強(qiáng)制檢驗(yàn)費(fèi)用。
賣方必須自付費(fèi)用,包裝貨物,除非按照相關(guān)行業(yè)慣例此類買賣貨物無需包裝發(fā)運(yùn)。賣方可以以適合運(yùn)輸?shù)姆绞桨b貨物,除非買方在銷售合同簽訂前通知賣方具體的包裝要求。包裝應(yīng)作適當(dāng)標(biāo)記。 |
B9 貨物檢驗(yàn)
買方必須支付任何強(qiáng)制性裝運(yùn)前檢驗(yàn)費(fèi)用,但出口國(guó)有關(guān)當(dāng)局強(qiáng)制進(jìn)行的檢驗(yàn)除外。。 |
A10信息幫助和相關(guān)費(fèi)用
如有需要,應(yīng)買方的要求并由其負(fù)擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與費(fèi)用,賣方必須以適時(shí)的方法,提供或協(xié)助買方取得任何單據(jù)或信息,包括與貨物出口安全或/和貨物運(yùn)送至最終目的地所需有關(guān)的信息,。
賣方必須補(bǔ)償買方依B10的情況因提供或給予協(xié)助取得所需之單據(jù)或信息的所有費(fèi)用。 |
B10信息幫助和相關(guān)費(fèi)用
買方必須及時(shí)通知賣方任何安全信息要求,以使賣方遵守A10的規(guī)定.
買方必須償付賣方因給予協(xié)助和獲取A10所述單據(jù)和信息所發(fā)生的一切費(fèi)用.
當(dāng)需要時(shí),應(yīng)賣方要求并由其承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用,買方必須及時(shí)向賣方提供或協(xié)助賣方獲得任何單據(jù)和信息,包括賣方為了貨物的運(yùn)輸和出口和從他國(guó)過境所需要的與安全相關(guān)的信息。 |
DAT——終點(diǎn)站交貨(……指定目的港或目的地)
此規(guī)則可用于選擇的各種運(yùn)輸方式,也適用于選擇的一個(gè)以上的運(yùn)輸方式。
“終點(diǎn)站交貨”是指,賣方在指定的目的港或目的地的指定的終點(diǎn)站卸貨后將貨物交給買方處置即完成交貨。“終點(diǎn)站”包括任何地方,無論約定或者不約定,包括碼頭,倉(cāng)庫(kù),集裝箱堆場(chǎng)或公路,鐵路或空運(yùn)貨站。賣方應(yīng)承擔(dān)將貨物運(yùn)至指定的目的地和卸貨所產(chǎn)生的一切風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用。
建議當(dāng)事人盡量明確地指定終點(diǎn)站,如果可能,(指定)在約定的目的港或目的地的終點(diǎn)站內(nèi)的一個(gè)特定地點(diǎn),因?yàn)椋ㄘ浳铮┑竭_(dá)這一地點(diǎn)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是由賣方承擔(dān)建議賣方簽訂一份與這樣一種選擇準(zhǔn)確契合的運(yùn)輸合同。
此外,若當(dāng)事人希望賣方承擔(dān)從終點(diǎn)站到另一地點(diǎn)的運(yùn)輸及管理貨物所產(chǎn)生的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用,那么此時(shí)DAP(目的地交貨)或DDP(完稅后交貨)規(guī)則應(yīng)該被適用。
在必要的情況下,DAT規(guī)則要求賣方辦理貨物出口清關(guān)手續(xù)。但是,賣方?jīng)]有義務(wù)辦理貨物進(jìn)口清關(guān)手續(xù)并支付任何進(jìn)口稅或辦理任何進(jìn)口報(bào)關(guān)手續(xù)。
A THE SELLER’ OBLIGATIONS
賣方義務(wù) |
B THE BUYER’ OBLIGATIONS
買方義務(wù) |
A1賣方的一般義務(wù)
賣方必須提供符合銷售合同規(guī)定的貨物和商業(yè)發(fā)票以及合同可能要求的、證明貨物符合合同規(guī)定的其他憑證。
如果在當(dāng)事人約定或者依據(jù)商業(yè)慣例的情況下,A1—A10條款中提及的任何單據(jù)都可以是具有同等效力的電子記錄或者手續(xù)。 |
B1買方的一般義務(wù)
買方必須根據(jù)買賣合同中規(guī)定的貨物價(jià)格履行交付義務(wù)。
如果買賣雙方有約定或者有商業(yè)慣例的情況下,B1至B10中提到的任何單據(jù)都可以是具有同等效力的電子記錄或者手續(xù)。
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A2許可證、批準(zhǔn)、安全通關(guān)及其他手續(xù)
在必要的情況下,賣方必須自擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用,在交貨前取得任何出口許可證或其他官方許可,并且在需要辦理海關(guān)手續(xù)時(shí)辦理貨物出口和從他國(guó)過境所需的一切海關(guān)手續(xù)。 |
B2許可證、批準(zhǔn)、安全通關(guān)及其他手續(xù)
在必要的情況下,買方必須自擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用,取得所需的進(jìn)口許可證或其他官方許可證,并辦理貨物進(jìn)口所需的一切海關(guān)手續(xù)。
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A3運(yùn)輸合同與保險(xiǎn)合同
a) 運(yùn)輸合同
賣方必須自付費(fèi)用訂立運(yùn)輸合同,將貨物運(yùn)至指定目的港或目的地的指定終點(diǎn)站。如未約定或按照交易習(xí)慣也無法確定具體交貨點(diǎn),賣方可在目的港或目的地選擇最符合其交易目的的終點(diǎn)站(交貨)。
b) 保險(xiǎn)合同
賣方?jīng)]有為買方簽訂保險(xiǎn)合同的義務(wù)。但是,賣方在買方的要求下,必須向買方提供買方借以獲得保險(xiǎn)服務(wù)的信息,其中如果存在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用,一概由買方承擔(dān)。 |
B3運(yùn)輸合同和保險(xiǎn)合同
a)運(yùn)輸合同
買方?jīng)]有為賣方簽訂運(yùn)輸合同的義務(wù)。
b)保險(xiǎn)合同
買方?jīng)]有為賣方簽訂保險(xiǎn)合同的義務(wù)。但是如果賣方要求,買方則必須向賣方提供必要的關(guān)于獲得保險(xiǎn)的必要信息。
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A4 交貨
賣方必須在約定的日期或期限內(nèi),在目的港或目的地中按A3條a)款所指定的終點(diǎn)站,將貨物從交貨的運(yùn)輸工具上卸下,并交給買方處置完成交貨。 |
B4受領(lǐng)貨物(接收貨物)
貨物已按A4的規(guī)定交付時(shí),買受人必須受領(lǐng)貨物。 |
A5風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移
除了B5條所描述的(貨物)滅失或損壞的情形外,賣方必須承擔(dān)貨物滅失或損壞的一切風(fēng)險(xiǎn),直至貨物已經(jīng)按照A4條的規(guī)定交付為止。
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B5風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移
自貨物已按A4條的規(guī)定交付時(shí)起,買方必須承擔(dān)貨物滅失或損壞的一切風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
如果買方未按B2條的規(guī)定履行義務(wù),買方承擔(dān)由此產(chǎn)生的貨物滅失或損壞的一切風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
如果買方未按B7條的規(guī)定給予通知,自約定的交付貨物的日期或期間屆滿之日起,買方承擔(dān)貨物滅失或損壞的一切風(fēng)險(xiǎn),但以該項(xiàng)貨物已經(jīng)被清楚地確定為合同貨物為限。 |
A6 費(fèi)用劃分
賣方必須支付
a)除了按B6條規(guī)定的由買方支付的費(fèi)用外,包括因A3條a)款產(chǎn)生的費(fèi)用,以及直至貨物已按A4條的規(guī)定交付為止而產(chǎn)生的一切與貨物有關(guān)的費(fèi)用;以及
b)在必要的情況下,在按照A4條規(guī)定的交貨之前,貨物出口需要辦理的海關(guān)手續(xù)費(fèi)用及貨物出口時(shí)應(yīng)交納的一切關(guān)稅、稅款和其他費(fèi)用,以及貨物經(jīng)由他國(guó)過境運(yùn)輸?shù)馁M(fèi)用。 |
B6 費(fèi)用劃分
買方必須支付
a)自貨物已按A4條的規(guī)定交付時(shí)起,與貨物有關(guān)的一切費(fèi)用。
b)任何因買方未按B2條規(guī)定履行義務(wù)或未按B7條給予通知而使賣方額外支付的費(fèi)用,但以該項(xiàng)貨物已經(jīng)被清楚地確定為合同貨物為限;以及
c)在必要的情況下, 貨物進(jìn)口需要辦理的海關(guān)手續(xù)費(fèi)用及貨物進(jìn)口時(shí)應(yīng)交納的一切關(guān)稅、稅款和其他費(fèi)用。 |
A7通知買方
賣方必須提供買方需要的任何通知,以便買方能夠?yàn)槭茴I(lǐng)貨物而采取通常必要的措施。 |
B7通知賣方
一旦買方有權(quán)決定于約定期限內(nèi)受領(lǐng)貨物的時(shí)間點(diǎn)和/或于指定的目的地受領(lǐng)貨物的具體位置,買方必須就此給予賣方充分通知。 |
A8交貨憑證
賣方必須自付費(fèi)用向買方提供提貨單據(jù),使買方能夠如同A4或B4條的規(guī)定提取貨物 |
B8 提貨證據(jù)
買方必須接受賣方提供的符合A8條款規(guī)定的交貨單據(jù) |
A9 檢查、包裝、標(biāo)志
買方必須支付按A4條規(guī)定為交付貨物目的所需的檢查(如質(zhì)檢、度量、稱重、計(jì)數(shù))費(fèi)用。同時(shí),賣方也必須支付出口國(guó)當(dāng)局強(qiáng)制進(jìn)行的任何裝船前檢查所產(chǎn)生的費(fèi)用。
賣方必須支出費(fèi)用以包裝貨物,除非在特定貿(mào)易中所售貨物通常以不包裝的形式運(yùn)輸。賣方應(yīng)該以適合運(yùn)輸?shù)姆绞桨b貨物, 除非買方在買賣合同成立之前指定了具體的包裝要求。包裝應(yīng)該被合理地標(biāo)記。 |
B9 貨物檢驗(yàn)
買受人必須支付裝船前強(qiáng)制檢驗(yàn)的費(fèi)用,但出口國(guó)當(dāng)局強(qiáng)制裝船前檢驗(yàn)的除外。 |
A10信息幫助和相關(guān)費(fèi)用
賣方必須,在必要的情況下,根據(jù)買方的要求,及時(shí)向買方提供或者協(xié)助買方獲得其所需的進(jìn)口貨物和/或?qū)⒇浳镞\(yùn)輸至目的地的任何單據(jù)和信息,包括與安全相關(guān)的信息,其中如果存在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用,一概由買方承擔(dān)。
賣方必須償還按照B10條規(guī)定的買方因(向賣方)提供或協(xié)助(賣方)獲得文件和信息所花費(fèi)的一切費(fèi)用。 |
B10信息幫助和相關(guān)費(fèi)用
買方必須及時(shí)地告知賣方任何與貨物安全信息要求相關(guān)的建議,以便于賣方可以遵守A10條的相關(guān)規(guī)定。
買方必須償還賣方依照A10條規(guī)定(向買方)提供或協(xié)助(買方)獲得單據(jù)和信息的過程中所花費(fèi)的一切成本和費(fèi)用。
買方必須,在必要的情況下,依照賣方的要求,及時(shí)(向賣方)提供或者協(xié)助(賣方)獲得其所需的運(yùn)輸和出口貨物及經(jīng)由他國(guó)過境運(yùn)輸?shù)娜魏螁螕?jù)和信息,包括與安全相關(guān)的信息,其中如果存在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用,一概由賣方承擔(dān)。 |
DAP——目的地交貨(……指定目的地)
DAP是《國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則2010》新添加的術(shù)語,取代了的DAF[2](邊境交貨)、DES[3](目的港船上交貨)和DDU[4](未完稅交貨)三個(gè)術(shù)語。
該規(guī)則的適用不考慮所選用的運(yùn)輸方式的種類,同時(shí)在選用的運(yùn)輸方式不止一種的情形下也能適用。
目的地交貨的意思是:賣方在指定的交貨地點(diǎn),將仍處于交貨的運(yùn)輸工具上尚未卸下的貨物交給買方處置即完成交貨。賣方須承擔(dān)貨物運(yùn)至指定目的地的一切風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
盡管賣方承擔(dān)貨物到達(dá)目的地前的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),該規(guī)則仍建議雙方將合意交貨目的地指定盡量明確。建議賣方簽訂恰好匹配該種選擇的運(yùn)輸合同。如果賣方按照運(yùn)輸合同承受了貨物在目的地的卸貨費(fèi)用,那么除非雙方達(dá)成一致,賣方無權(quán)向買方追討該筆費(fèi)用。
在需要辦理海關(guān)手續(xù)時(shí)(在必要時(shí)/適當(dāng)時(shí)),DAP規(guī)則要求應(yīng)有賣方辦理貨物的出口清關(guān)手續(xù),但賣方?jīng)]有義務(wù)辦理貨物的進(jìn)口清關(guān)手續(xù),支付任何進(jìn)口稅或者辦理任何進(jìn)口海關(guān)手續(xù),如果當(dāng)事人希望賣方辦理貨物的進(jìn)口清關(guān)手續(xù),支付任何進(jìn)口稅和辦理任何進(jìn)口海關(guān)手續(xù),則應(yīng)適用DDP規(guī)則
A THE SELLER’ OBLIGATIONS
賣方義務(wù) |
B THE BUYER’ OBLIGATIONS
買方義務(wù) |
A1賣方的一般義務(wù)
賣方必須提供符合銷售合同規(guī)定的貨物和商業(yè)發(fā)票以及該合同可能要求的其他憑證。
如果依當(dāng)事人的協(xié)議或按照慣例,在A1-A10條款中涉及到的任何單據(jù)均可以是具有同等效力的電子記錄或程序。 |
B1買方的一般義務(wù)
買方必須按照銷售合同支付貨物的價(jià)款。
如果依當(dāng)事人的協(xié)議或按照慣例,在B1-B10條款中涉及到的任何單據(jù)均可以是具有同等效力的電子記錄和程序。 |
A2許可證、批準(zhǔn)、安全通關(guān)及其他手續(xù)
在需要辦理海關(guān)手續(xù)時(shí),賣方必須自擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用取得任何出口許可證或其他官方許可,并且辦理出口貨物和交付前運(yùn)輸通過某國(guó)所必須的一切海關(guān)手續(xù)。 |
B2許可證、批準(zhǔn)、安全通關(guān)及其他手續(xù)
在需要辦理海關(guān)手續(xù)時(shí),買方必須自擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用,取得任何進(jìn)口許可證或其他官方許可,并且辦理貨物進(jìn)口的一切海關(guān)手續(xù)。 |
A3運(yùn)輸合同與保險(xiǎn)合同
a)運(yùn)輸合同
賣方必須自付費(fèi)用訂立運(yùn)輸合同,將貨物運(yùn)至指定的交貨地點(diǎn)。如未約定或按照慣例也無法確定指定的交貨地點(diǎn),則賣方可在指定的交貨地點(diǎn)選擇最適合其目的的交貨點(diǎn)。
b)保險(xiǎn)合同
賣方對(duì)買方?jīng)]有義務(wù)訂立保險(xiǎn)合同。但是如果買方提出需要保險(xiǎn)合同的要求,并且自己承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用,那么賣方應(yīng)該提供訂立保險(xiǎn)合同需要的全部信息。 |
B3運(yùn)輸合同和保險(xiǎn)合同
a)運(yùn)輸合同
買方對(duì)賣方?jīng)]有義務(wù)訂立運(yùn)輸合同。
b)保險(xiǎn)合同
買方對(duì)賣方?jīng)]有義務(wù)訂立保險(xiǎn)合同。但是如果買方想獲得保險(xiǎn),就必須向賣方提出自己需要保險(xiǎn)的要求,并且向賣方提供必要的信息。
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A4 交貨
賣方必須在約定日期或期限內(nèi),在指定的交貨地點(diǎn),將仍處于約定地點(diǎn)的交貨運(yùn)輸工具上尚未卸下的貨物交給買方處置。 |
B4受領(lǐng)貨物(接收貨物)
買方必須在賣方按照A4 規(guī)定交貨時(shí)受領(lǐng)貨物。 |
A5風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移
除B5 規(guī)定者外,賣方必須承擔(dān)貨物滅失或損壞的一切風(fēng)險(xiǎn),直至已經(jīng)按照A4 規(guī)定交貨為止。
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B5風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移
買方必須承擔(dān)按照A4 規(guī)定交貨之時(shí)起貨物滅失或損壞的一切風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
如果
a) 買方?jīng)]有履行B2中規(guī)定的義務(wù),則買方承擔(dān)所有貨物滅失或者毀損的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
或者
b) 買方?jīng)]有按照B7中的規(guī)定履行其告知義務(wù),
則必須從約定的交貨日期或交貨期限屆滿之日起,承擔(dān)貨物滅失或損壞的一切風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。但是必須確認(rèn)上面所講的貨物是合同中所指的貨物。 |
A6 費(fèi)用劃分
賣方必須支付
a) 除依B6規(guī)定由買方支付費(fèi)用以外的,按照A3a)規(guī)定發(fā)生的費(fèi)用及按照A4規(guī)定在目的地交貨前與貨物有關(guān)的一切費(fèi)用;
b) 根據(jù)運(yùn)輸合同約定,在目的地發(fā)生應(yīng)由賣方支付的任何卸貨費(fèi)用,及
c) 在需要辦理海關(guān)手續(xù)時(shí),貨物出口要辦理的海關(guān)手續(xù)費(fèi)用及貨物出口時(shí)應(yīng)交的一切關(guān)稅、稅款和其他費(fèi)用,以及按照A4 規(guī)定交貨前從他國(guó)過境的費(fèi)用。 |
B6 費(fèi)用劃分
買方必須支付
a)自按照A4的規(guī)定交貨時(shí)起與貨物有關(guān)的一切費(fèi)用;
b)在指定目的地將貨物從交貨運(yùn)輸工具上卸下以受領(lǐng)貨物的一切卸貨費(fèi),除非這些費(fèi)用按照運(yùn)輸合同是由賣方承擔(dān);
c)在這項(xiàng)貨物已清楚地確定為合同項(xiàng)下貨物的條件下,若買方未能按照B2規(guī)定履行義務(wù)或未按照B7規(guī)定給予賣方通知,賣方因此而產(chǎn)生的一切費(fèi)用;及
d)在需要辦理海關(guān)手續(xù)時(shí),辦理海關(guān)手續(xù)的費(fèi)用及貨物進(jìn)口時(shí)應(yīng)交納的一切關(guān)稅、稅款和其他費(fèi)用。 |
A7通知買方
賣方必須給予買方必要的通知,以便買方能夠?yàn)槭茴I(lǐng)貨物而采取通常必要的措施。 |
B7通知賣方
一旦買方有權(quán)決定在約定期限內(nèi)的時(shí)間和/或在指定的受領(lǐng)貨物的地點(diǎn),買方必須就此給予賣方充分通知。 |
A8交貨憑證
賣方必須自付費(fèi)用,按照A4/B4的規(guī)定,向買方提供買方可以據(jù)以提取貨物的憑證。 |
B8 提貨證據(jù)
買方必須接受賣方按照A8 規(guī)定提供交貨單據(jù)。 |
A9 檢查、包裝、標(biāo)志
賣方必須支付為按照A4 規(guī)定交貨所需進(jìn)行的查對(duì)費(fèi)用(如核對(duì)貨物品質(zhì)、丈量、過磅、點(diǎn)數(shù)的費(fèi)用)以及出口國(guó)有關(guān)當(dāng)局強(qiáng)制進(jìn)行的檢驗(yàn)的費(fèi)用。
賣方必須自己負(fù)擔(dān)貨物包裝費(fèi)用,除非是在特定交易中通常無需包裝貨物的情況。賣方需要以適合于運(yùn)輸?shù)姆绞桨b貨物,除非買方在買賣合同締結(jié)之前告知賣方具體的包裝方式。包裝應(yīng)作適當(dāng)標(biāo)記。 |
B9 貨物檢驗(yàn)
買方必須支付任何強(qiáng)制的裝船前檢驗(yàn)的費(fèi)用,但出口國(guó)有關(guān)當(dāng)局強(qiáng)制進(jìn)行的檢驗(yàn)除外。 |
A10信息幫助和相關(guān)費(fèi)用
在需要辦理海關(guān)手續(xù)時(shí),應(yīng)買方要求并由其承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用,賣方必須及時(shí)為買方提供其在貨物進(jìn)口或貨物運(yùn)輸過程中所需的各類文本及信息協(xié)助,包括相關(guān)安全信息。
在獲取單據(jù)或信息時(shí),賣方必須償付買方按照B10規(guī)定提供或給予協(xié)助的所有費(fèi)用。 |
B10信息幫助和相關(guān)費(fèi)用
買方必須及時(shí)告知賣方所有的安全信息需求以便賣方能夠遵守A10的規(guī)定。在獲取單據(jù)或信息時(shí),買方必須償付賣方按照A10規(guī)定提供或給予協(xié)助的所有費(fèi)用。
應(yīng)賣方要求并由其承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用,買方必須及時(shí)為賣方提供其在貨物進(jìn)口或貨物運(yùn)輸過程中所需的各類單據(jù)及信息協(xié)助,包括相關(guān)安全信息。 |
DDP——完稅后交貨(……指定目的地)
這條規(guī)則可以適用于任何一種運(yùn)輸方式,也可以適用于同時(shí)采用多種運(yùn)輸方式的情況。
“完稅后交貨”是指賣方在指定的目的地,將貨物交給買方處置,并辦理進(jìn)口清關(guān)手續(xù),準(zhǔn)備好將在交貨運(yùn)輸工具上的貨物卸下交與買方,完成交貨。賣方承擔(dān)將貨物運(yùn)至指定的目的地的一切風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用,并有義務(wù)辦理出口清關(guān)手續(xù)與進(jìn)口清關(guān)手續(xù),對(duì)進(jìn)出口活動(dòng)負(fù)責(zé),以及辦理一切海關(guān)手續(xù)。
DDP術(shù)語下賣方承擔(dān)最大責(zé)任。
因?yàn)榈竭_(dá)指定地點(diǎn)過程中的費(fèi)用和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)都由賣方承擔(dān),建議當(dāng)事人盡可能明確地指定目的地。建議賣方在簽訂的運(yùn)輸合同中也正好符合上述選擇的地點(diǎn)。如果賣方致使在目的地卸載貨物的成本低于運(yùn)輸合同的約定,則賣方無權(quán)收回成本,當(dāng)事人之間另有約定的除外。
如果賣方不能直接或間接地取得進(jìn)口許可,不建議當(dāng)事人使用DDP術(shù)語。
如果當(dāng)事方希望買方承擔(dān)進(jìn)口的所有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用,應(yīng)使用DAP術(shù)語。
任何增值稅或其他進(jìn)口時(shí)需要支付的稅項(xiàng)由賣方承擔(dān),合同另有約定的除外。
A THE SELLER’ OBLIGATIONS
賣方義務(wù) |
B THE BUYER’ OBLIGATIONS
買方義務(wù) |
A1賣方的一般義務(wù)
賣方必須提供符合銷售合同規(guī)定的貨物和商業(yè)發(fā)票以及合同可能要求的,證明貨物符合合同規(guī)定的其他憑證。
其他憑證指在A1至A10中雙方達(dá)成共識(shí)的或習(xí)慣的具有同種作用的電子信息和程序。 |
B1買方的一般義務(wù)
買方必須按照銷售合同的規(guī)定支付商品的價(jià)款。
在雙方協(xié)商同意或遵循慣例的情況下,B1到B10中所提到的任何文件可能是一種有同等作用的電子記錄或程序。 |
A2許可證、批準(zhǔn)、安全通關(guān)及其他手續(xù)
需要辦理海關(guān)手續(xù)時(shí),賣方須自擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)費(fèi)用,取得所有進(jìn)出口許可證或其他官方許可,并辦理進(jìn)出口貨物,在他國(guó)運(yùn)輸?shù)囊磺斜匾jP(guān)手續(xù)。 |
B2許可證、批準(zhǔn)、安全通關(guān)及其他手續(xù)
在合適的情況下,應(yīng)賣方的請(qǐng)求買方必須向賣方提供援助,買方自擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用,并且?guī)椭u方取得取得進(jìn)口貨物的許可證并辦理官方的手續(xù)。 |
A3運(yùn)輸合同與保險(xiǎn)合同
運(yùn)輸合同
賣方必須自付費(fèi)用訂立運(yùn)輸合同,將貨物運(yùn)至指定目的地或者指定地點(diǎn),若可以的話,到指定目的地。如未約定或按照慣例也無法確定具體交貨點(diǎn),則賣方可在的目的地選擇最適合其目的的交貨點(diǎn)。
保險(xiǎn)合同
賣方?jīng)]有義務(wù)與買方訂立保險(xiǎn)合同。但是,在在買方的要求下、買方承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)或者費(fèi)用(如果有的話)的情形下,賣方必須告知買方需要取得保險(xiǎn)。 |
B3運(yùn)輸合同和保險(xiǎn)合同
a)運(yùn)輸合同 買方?jīng)]有義務(wù)訂立運(yùn)輸合同
b)保險(xiǎn)合同 相對(duì)于賣方買方?jīng)]有義務(wù)訂立保險(xiǎn)合同,但是應(yīng)賣方請(qǐng)求,買方應(yīng)提供關(guān)于保險(xiǎn)的必要信息。 |
A4 交貨
賣方必須在約定的日期或者期限內(nèi),在位于指定目的地的約定地點(diǎn)(如果有約定),將運(yùn)輸工具上準(zhǔn)備卸下來的貨物交與買方處置。 |
B4受領(lǐng)貨物(接收貨物)
買方必須在賣方按照A4規(guī)定交貨時(shí),受領(lǐng)貨物 |
A5風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移
除了B5所規(guī)定的情形以外,由賣方承擔(dān)貨物損毀或者滅失的所有風(fēng)險(xiǎn),一直到貨物已經(jīng)按照A4的規(guī)定交貨為止。 |
B5風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移
按照A4的規(guī)定受領(lǐng)貨物之后,買方必須承擔(dān)貨物滅失或損壞的一切風(fēng)險(xiǎn):如果
a)買方?jīng)]有履行按照B2之規(guī)定的義務(wù),那么他必須承擔(dān)由此導(dǎo)致的貨物滅失或者損壞的風(fēng)險(xiǎn);或者
b)買方?jīng)]有盡到B7所規(guī)定的通知義務(wù),那么他必須承擔(dān)自約定的交貨日期或者自交貨期限屆滿之日起的貨物滅失或損壞的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
前提是,貨物必須已經(jīng)證明是合同中規(guī)定的貨物。 |
A6 費(fèi)用劃分
賣方必須支付的費(fèi)用包括:
a) 除了由A3 a)之外所產(chǎn)生的費(fèi)用以外,直到貨品按照A4的規(guī)定交貨之前,所有相關(guān)的一切費(fèi)用,不包括那些B6中所提到的由買方支付的費(fèi)用;
b) 根據(jù)運(yùn)輸合同的規(guī)定,在交貨地的任何卸貨費(fèi)用都有賣方承擔(dān)。
c) 在適用的情況下,出口和進(jìn)口所必需的報(bào)關(guān)費(fèi)用以及一切關(guān)稅,稅款和其他在出口和進(jìn)口貨品時(shí)應(yīng)支付的費(fèi)用,以及貨品在交付之前,按照A4的規(guī)定運(yùn)輸途中因通過其他國(guó)家所產(chǎn)生的費(fèi)用。 |
B6 費(fèi)用劃分
買方必須支付
a)從貨物被交付之日起與貨物相關(guān)的全部費(fèi)用,正如A4所設(shè)想的
b)在指定目的地卸載必需品的所有費(fèi)用,包括從運(yùn)輸方式到接收貨物整個(gè)過程的所有費(fèi)用,除非按照運(yùn)輸合同,這些費(fèi)用是由賣方支付;
c)在貨物已被確定為合同項(xiàng)下貨物的前提下,如果沒有按照B2履行其義務(wù)或沒有按照B7發(fā)出通知所造成的額外的費(fèi)用 |
A7通知買方
賣方必須給予買方任何需要通知,以便買方能夠?yàn)槭茴I(lǐng)貨物而采取通常必要的措施 |
B7通知賣方
一旦買方有權(quán)確定在約定的期限內(nèi)受領(lǐng)貨物的具體時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)時(shí),賣方必須就此給予買方充分的通知 |
A8交貨憑證
賣方必須自付費(fèi)用向買方提供,帶著單據(jù)使授予權(quán)利的買方為受領(lǐng)貨物作為設(shè)想在A4/B4。 |
B8 提貨證據(jù)
買方必須接受按照A8中規(guī)定提供的交貨憑證。
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A9 檢查、包裝、標(biāo)志
賣方必須支付為按照A4規(guī)定交貨所需進(jìn)行的查對(duì)費(fèi)用(如核對(duì)貨物品質(zhì)、丈量、過磅、點(diǎn)數(shù)的費(fèi)用)以及任何由出口國(guó)當(dāng)局強(qiáng)制進(jìn)行的裝運(yùn)前檢驗(yàn)費(fèi)用。
賣方必須自付包裝貨物的費(fèi)用,除非按照相關(guān)行業(yè)慣例,運(yùn)送此類貨物無需包裝即可銷售。賣方可以按習(xí)慣用適合運(yùn)輸?shù)姆绞絹戆b貨物,除非買方在買賣合同簽訂之前告知了賣方特殊的包裝要求。包裝應(yīng)作適當(dāng)標(biāo)記。 |
B9 貨物檢驗(yàn)
:買方無義務(wù)對(duì)賣方支付由進(jìn)出口國(guó)家相關(guān)部門所規(guī)定的運(yùn)前強(qiáng)制性檢驗(yàn)貨物的相關(guān)規(guī)定所引起的任何費(fèi)用。
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A10信息幫助和相關(guān)費(fèi)用
由買方提出要求并同時(shí)承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用,賣方必須及時(shí)給予買方協(xié)助,以幫助其獲取任何所需的單據(jù)及信息,包括買方在貨物從目的地約定區(qū)域至最終目的地的運(yùn)輸中需要辦理海關(guān)手續(xù)時(shí)的相關(guān)投保信息。
賣方必須支付買方在為賣方獲取B10所規(guī)定的單據(jù)及信息而提供的協(xié)作中發(fā)生的一切費(fèi)用。 |
B10信息幫助和相關(guān)費(fèi)用
買方應(yīng)當(dāng)及時(shí)把一切安全信息要求通知賣方以便賣方按照A10條款履行義務(wù)。
買方必須支付賣方為獲取A10 所述單據(jù)或信息提供協(xié)助時(shí)所發(fā)生的費(fèi)用。
應(yīng)賣方要求并由其承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用,買方必須在合適的地點(diǎn)及時(shí)對(duì)賣方提供協(xié)助,以幫助其取得貨物進(jìn)出口以及在任何國(guó)家運(yùn)輸過程中所需的一切單據(jù)和包括安全相關(guān)信息在內(nèi)的所有信息。 |
FAS——船邊交貨(……指定裝運(yùn)港)
這項(xiàng)規(guī)則僅適用于海運(yùn)和內(nèi)河運(yùn)輸
“船邊交貨”是指賣方在指定裝運(yùn)港將貨物交到買方指定的船邊(例如碼頭上或駁船上),即完成交貨。從那時(shí)起,貨物滅失或損壞的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)移,并且由買方承擔(dān)所有費(fèi)用。
當(dāng)事方應(yīng)當(dāng)盡可能明確的在指定裝運(yùn)港指定出裝貨地點(diǎn),這是因?yàn)榈竭@一地點(diǎn)的費(fèi)用與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)由賣方承擔(dān),并且根據(jù)港口交付慣例這些費(fèi)用及相關(guān)的手續(xù)費(fèi)可能會(huì)發(fā)生變化。
賣方在船邊交付貨物或者獲得已經(jīng)交付裝運(yùn)的貨物。這里所謂的“獲得”迎合了鏈?zhǔn)戒N售,在商品貿(mào)易中十分普遍。
當(dāng)貨物通過集裝箱運(yùn)輸時(shí),賣方通常在終點(diǎn)站將貨物交給承運(yùn)人,而不是在船邊。在這種情況下,船邊交貨規(guī)則不適用,而應(yīng)當(dāng)適用貨交承運(yùn)人規(guī)則。
船邊交貨規(guī)則要求賣方在需要時(shí)辦理貨物出口清關(guān)手續(xù)。但是,賣方?jīng)]有任何義務(wù)辦理貨物進(jìn)口清關(guān)、支付任何進(jìn)口稅或者辦理任何進(jìn)口海關(guān)手續(xù)。
A THE SELLER’ OBLIGATIONS
賣方義務(wù) |
B THE BUYER’ OBLIGATIONS
買方義務(wù) |
A1賣方的一般義務(wù)
賣方必須提供符合銷售合同規(guī)定的貨物和商業(yè)發(fā)票以及合同可能要求的、證明貨物符合合同規(guī)定的其他任何憑證。
如果雙方達(dá)成協(xié)議或者是有慣例可循,A1到A10條款中所述的單據(jù)可能是有同等效力的電子記錄或手續(xù)。 |
B1買方的一般義務(wù)
買方必須按照銷售合同規(guī)定支付貨物的價(jià)款。
如果雙方達(dá)成協(xié)議或者是有慣例可循,B1到B2條款中所述的單據(jù)可能是有同等效力的電子記錄或手續(xù)。
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A2許可證、批準(zhǔn)、安全通關(guān)及其他手續(xù)
在需要辦理海關(guān)手續(xù)時(shí),賣方必須自擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用,取得任何出口許可證或其他官方許可,辦理貨物出口所需的一切海關(guān)手續(xù)。 |
B2許可證、批準(zhǔn)、安全通關(guān)及其他手續(xù)
在需要辦理海關(guān)手續(xù)時(shí),買方必須自擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用,由買方取得任何進(jìn)口許可證或其他官方許可,并辦理貨物進(jìn)口和從他國(guó)過境所需的一切海關(guān)手續(xù)。 |
A3運(yùn)輸合同與保險(xiǎn)合同
a) 運(yùn)輸合同
賣方?jīng)]有訂立運(yùn)輸合同的義務(wù)。但若買方要求,或者如果是商業(yè)慣例而買方未適時(shí)給予賣方相反指示,則賣方可按照通常條件訂立運(yùn)輸合同,費(fèi)用和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)由買方承當(dāng)。在以上任何一種情況下,賣方都可以拒絕訂立此合同;如果拒絕,則應(yīng)立即通知買方。
b) 保險(xiǎn)合同
賣方?jīng)]有訂立保險(xiǎn)合同的義務(wù)。但是應(yīng)買方要求并由其承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用(如果有費(fèi)用產(chǎn)生),賣方必須提供給買方訂立保險(xiǎn)時(shí)所需要的信息。 |
B3運(yùn)輸合同和保險(xiǎn)合同
a) 運(yùn)輸合同
買方必須自行承擔(dān)運(yùn)費(fèi),訂立自指定裝運(yùn)港運(yùn)輸貨物的合同。賣方按照A3a)訂立了運(yùn)輸合同時(shí)除外。
b) 保險(xiǎn)合同
買方?jīng)]有訂立保險(xiǎn)合同的義務(wù)。 |
A4 交貨
賣方必須在買方指定的裝運(yùn)港,在買方指定的裝貨地點(diǎn)(如果有指定的裝貨地點(diǎn)),將貨物交至買方指定的船邊,或者取得已經(jīng)交付的貨物。不論用哪種方式,賣方必須在約定的日期或者期限內(nèi),按照該港的習(xí)慣方式交付貨物。
如果買方?jīng)]有指定特別的裝貨地點(diǎn),賣方可以在指定的裝運(yùn)港內(nèi)選擇最符合其目的的地點(diǎn)。如果雙方約定在一定時(shí)期內(nèi)交付貨物,則買方可以在約定時(shí)期內(nèi)選擇交貨日期。 |
B4受領(lǐng)貨物(接收貨物)
買方必須在賣方依照A4的規(guī)定交貨時(shí)受領(lǐng)貨物。 |
A5風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移
除B5規(guī)定的情況外,賣方必須承擔(dān)貨物滅失或損壞的一切風(fēng)險(xiǎn),直至已按照A4規(guī)定交貨為止。 |
B5風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移
自依照A4的規(guī)定交貨時(shí)起,買方承擔(dān)貨物滅失或損壞的一切風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
如果買方?jīng)]有按照B7的規(guī)定通知賣方;或者
買方指定的船只未按時(shí)到達(dá),或未接收貨物,或較B7通知的時(shí)間提早停止裝貨;
那么自約定的交貨日期或期限屆滿時(shí)起,如果明確確定該項(xiàng)貨物為合同項(xiàng)下之貨物,買方承擔(dān)貨物滅失或損壞的一切風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。 |
A6 費(fèi)用劃分
賣方必須支付:
a)直至已經(jīng)按照A4規(guī)定交貨為止的與貨物有關(guān)的一切費(fèi)用,除了按照B6規(guī)定的應(yīng)由賣方支付的;及
b)在需要時(shí),貨物出口時(shí)辦理的海關(guān)手續(xù)費(fèi)用,及應(yīng)交納的一切關(guān)稅、稅款和其他費(fèi)用. |
B6 費(fèi)用劃分
買方必須支付:
a)自按照A4的規(guī)定交貨時(shí)起的與貨物有關(guān)的一切費(fèi)用,除了A6中b項(xiàng)規(guī)定的在需要辦理海關(guān)手續(xù)時(shí),貨物出口需要辦理的海關(guān)手續(xù)費(fèi)用,及貨物出口時(shí)應(yīng)交納的一切關(guān)稅、稅款和其他費(fèi)用;
b)因發(fā)生下列情況產(chǎn)生的一切額外費(fèi)用:
(ⅰ)買方未按照B7規(guī)定及時(shí)通知賣方,及
(ⅱ)在已經(jīng)明確確定該項(xiàng)貨物為合同項(xiàng)下之貨物的情況下,買方指定的貨船沒有及時(shí)到達(dá),無法裝載貨物,或早于B7規(guī)定的時(shí)間停止裝貨產(chǎn)生的費(fèi)用。
c. 在需要時(shí),貨物進(jìn)口時(shí)辦理海關(guān)手續(xù)的費(fèi)用及應(yīng)交納的一切關(guān)稅、稅款和其他費(fèi)用,以及從他國(guó)運(yùn)輸過境的費(fèi)用。 |
A7通知買方
由買方承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用,賣方必須給予買方關(guān)于貨物已按A4規(guī)定交付或者船舶未能在約定的時(shí)間內(nèi)接收貨物的充分通知。 |
B7通知賣方
買方必須給賣方關(guān)于船舶的名稱、裝船地點(diǎn)以及,如有必要,在約定期限內(nèi)選定的交付時(shí)間的充分通知。 |
A8交貨憑證
賣方承擔(dān)費(fèi)用并向買方提供關(guān)于貨物已按A4規(guī)定交付的通常證明。
除非上述證明是運(yùn)輸單據(jù),應(yīng)買方請(qǐng)求并由買方承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用,賣方必須協(xié)助買方取得運(yùn)輸單據(jù)。 |
B8 提貨證據(jù)
買方必須接受按照A8規(guī)定所提供的交付證明。
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A9 檢查、包裝、標(biāo)志
賣方必須支付為了按照A4規(guī)定交貨所必須進(jìn)行的核對(duì)費(fèi)用(如核對(duì)貨物品質(zhì)、丈量、過磅、點(diǎn)數(shù)的費(fèi)用),還包括出口國(guó)有關(guān)當(dāng)局強(qiáng)制進(jìn)行的任何裝運(yùn)前的檢驗(yàn)費(fèi)用。
賣方必須自付貨物包裝費(fèi)用,除非按照相關(guān)行業(yè)慣例,該種貨物無需包裝發(fā)運(yùn)。賣方可以提供符合其安排的運(yùn)輸所要求的包裝,除非買方在銷售合同成交前已通知賣方具體的包裝要求。包裝應(yīng)作適當(dāng)標(biāo)記。 |
B9 貨物檢驗(yàn)
買方必須支付任何裝運(yùn)前檢驗(yàn)的費(fèi)用,但出口國(guó)有關(guān)當(dāng)局強(qiáng)制進(jìn)行的檢驗(yàn)除外。。 |
A10信息幫助和相關(guān)費(fèi)用
有需要時(shí),應(yīng)買方要求并由其承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用,賣方必須及時(shí)的提供或給予買方協(xié)助,以幫助買方取得任何文件和信息,包括買方為了貨物進(jìn)口和/或運(yùn)送到最終目的地所需要的與安全有關(guān)的信息。
賣方必須償還買方所有因買方在提供或給予B10中規(guī)定的取得文件和信息方面的幫助時(shí)引起的花費(fèi)和支出。 |
B10信息幫助和相關(guān)費(fèi)用
買方必須以及時(shí)的方式向賣方提出任何安全信息要求,這樣賣方才可能遵守A10。
買方必須償還賣方所有因其在提供或給予A10中規(guī)定的取得文件和信息方面的幫助時(shí)引起的花費(fèi)和支出。
應(yīng)賣方要求并由其承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用,買方必須在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候以及時(shí)的方式提供或給予賣方協(xié)助,以幫助賣方取得任何文件和信息,包括賣方為了貨物運(yùn)輸和出口以及運(yùn)經(jīng)任何國(guó)家所需要的與安全有關(guān)的信息。 |
FOB——船上交貨(……指定裝運(yùn)港)
本規(guī)則只適用于海運(yùn)或內(nèi)河運(yùn)輸。
“船上交貨”是指賣方在指定的裝運(yùn)港,將貨物交致買方指定的船只上,或者指(中間銷售商)設(shè)法獲取這樣交付的貨物。一旦裝船,買方將承擔(dān)貨物滅失或損壞造成的所有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
賣方被要求將貨物交至船只上或者獲得已經(jīng)這樣交付裝運(yùn)的貨物。這里所謂的“獲得”迎合了連是銷售,在商品貿(mào)易中十分普遍。
FOB不適用于貨物在裝船前移交給承運(yùn)人的情形。比如,貨物通過集裝箱運(yùn)輸,并通常在目的地交付。在這些情形下,適用FCA的規(guī)則。
在適用FOB時(shí),銷售商負(fù)責(zé)辦理貨物出口清關(guān)手續(xù)。但銷售商無義務(wù)辦理貨物進(jìn)口清關(guān)手續(xù)、繳納進(jìn)口關(guān)稅或是辦理任何進(jìn)口報(bào)關(guān)手續(xù)
A THE SELLER’ OBLIGATIONS
賣方義務(wù) |
B THE BUYER’ OBLIGATIONS
買方義務(wù) |
A1賣方的一般義務(wù)
賣方必須提供符合銷售合同規(guī)定的貨物和商業(yè)發(fā)票,以及合同可能要求的、證明貨物符合合同規(guī)定的其他任何憑證。
根據(jù)雙方合意或交易習(xí)慣任何A1至A10條提及的單據(jù)都可以作為同等效力的電子憑證或手續(xù)。 |
B1買方的一般義務(wù)
買方必須按照銷售合同規(guī)定支付價(jià)款。
根據(jù)雙方合意或交易習(xí)慣任何B1至B10條提及的單據(jù)都可以作為同等效力的電子憑證或手續(xù) |
A2許可證、批準(zhǔn)、安全通關(guān)及其他手續(xù)
在條約適用的情況下,賣方必須自擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用,取得任何出口許可證或其他官方許可,并辦理貨物出口所需的一切海關(guān)手續(xù)。 |
B2許可證、批準(zhǔn)、安全通關(guān)及其他手續(xù)
如果適用,買方在自擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用的情況下,自行決定是否取得任何進(jìn)口許可證或其他官方許可,或辦理貨物進(jìn)口和在必要時(shí)從他國(guó)過境時(shí)所需的一切海關(guān)手續(xù)。 |
A3運(yùn)輸合同與保險(xiǎn)合同
a)運(yùn)輸合同
賣方?jīng)]有義務(wù)為買方訂立運(yùn)輸合同。但如果是根據(jù)買方要求或交易習(xí)慣且買方?jīng)]有及時(shí)提出相反要求,由買方承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用的情況下,賣方可以按一般條款為買方訂立運(yùn)輸合同。在上述任一種情況下,賣方有權(quán)拒絕為買方訂立運(yùn)輸合同,如果賣方訂立運(yùn)輸合同,應(yīng)及時(shí)通知買方。
b)保險(xiǎn)合同
賣方?jīng)]有義務(wù)向買方提供保險(xiǎn)合同。但是當(dāng)買方要求的時(shí)候,賣方必須向買方提供買方
獲得保險(xiǎn)時(shí)所需要的信息,此時(shí)一切風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用(如果有的話)由買方承擔(dān)。(修改:秦若曦)(2000版只說賣方無義務(wù),2010版附加了賣方在無義務(wù)的情況下必須向買方提供一些信息的說明) |
B3運(yùn)輸合同和保險(xiǎn)合同
a)運(yùn)輸合同
買方自己付費(fèi),必須簽訂從指定裝運(yùn)港運(yùn)輸貨物的合同,除非賣方已經(jīng)按照A3 a)的規(guī)定制定了運(yùn)輸合同。
b)保險(xiǎn)合同
買方?jīng)]有義務(wù)向賣方提供保險(xiǎn)合同。 |
A4 交貨
賣方必須將貨物運(yùn)到買方所指定的船只上,若有的話,就送到買方的指定裝運(yùn)港或由中間商獲取這樣的貨物。在這兩種情況下,賣方必須按約定的日期或期限內(nèi)按照該港習(xí)慣方式運(yùn)輸?shù)礁劭凇?/SPAN>
如果買方?jīng)]有明確裝運(yùn)地,賣方可以在指定的裝運(yùn)港中選擇最合目的的裝運(yùn)點(diǎn)。 |
B4受領(lǐng)貨物(接收貨物)
買方必須在賣方A4中規(guī)定交貨時(shí)受領(lǐng)貨物 |
A5風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移
賣方要承擔(dān)貨物滅失或者損壞的全部風(fēng)險(xiǎn),直至已經(jīng)按照A4中的規(guī)定交付貨物為止;但B5中規(guī)定的貨物滅失或者損壞的情況除外。 |
B5風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移
自貨物按照A4規(guī)定交付之時(shí)起,買方要承擔(dān)貨物滅失或損失的全部風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
若:
a)買方?jīng)]有按照B7規(guī)定通知船只的指定;或,
b)買方指定的船只沒有按期到達(dá),以致賣方無法履行A4規(guī)定;或(指定船只)沒有接管貨物;或者(指定船只)較按照B7通知的時(shí)間提早停止裝貨。
那么,自以下所述之日起買方承擔(dān)貨物滅失或損失的全部風(fēng)險(xiǎn)):
1)自協(xié)議規(guī)定的日期起,若沒有協(xié)議約定的日期,
2)則自賣方按照A7規(guī)定的協(xié)議期限內(nèi)的通知之日起,或者,若沒有約定通知日期時(shí),
3)則自任一約定的交付期限屆滿之日起,
但前提是,該貨物已經(jīng)被準(zhǔn)確無疑地確定是合同規(guī)定之貨物。
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A6 費(fèi)用劃分
賣方必須支付:
a)除由B6規(guī)定的理應(yīng)由買方支付的以外,賣方必須支付貨物有關(guān)的一切費(fèi)用,直到已經(jīng)按照A4規(guī)定交貨為止;及
b)需要辦理海關(guān)手續(xù)時(shí),貨物出口需要辦理的海關(guān)手續(xù)費(fèi)用及出口時(shí)應(yīng)交納的一切關(guān)稅、稅款和其他費(fèi)用。 |
B6 費(fèi)用劃分
買方必須支付:
a) 自按照A4規(guī)定交貨之時(shí)起與貨物有關(guān)的一切費(fèi)用,除了需要辦理海關(guān)手續(xù)時(shí),貨物出口需要辦理的海關(guān)手續(xù)費(fèi)用及出口時(shí)應(yīng)交納的一切關(guān)稅、稅款和在A6 b)種提到的其他費(fèi)用;及
b) 以下兩種情形之一將導(dǎo)致額外費(fèi)用:
(ⅰ)由于買方未能按照B7規(guī)定給予賣方相應(yīng)的通知,
(ⅱ)買方指定的船只未按時(shí)到達(dá),或未接收上述貨物,或較按照B7通知的時(shí)間提早停止裝貨
除非該項(xiàng)貨物已正式劃歸合同項(xiàng)下;及
需要辦理海關(guān)手續(xù)時(shí),貨物進(jìn)口應(yīng)交納的一切關(guān)稅、稅款和其他費(fèi)用,及貨物進(jìn)口時(shí)辦理海關(guān)手續(xù)的費(fèi)用,以及貨物從他國(guó)過境的費(fèi)用。 |
A7通知買方
在由買方承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用,賣方必須給予買方說明貨物已按照A4規(guī)定交貨或者船只未能在約定的時(shí)間內(nèi)接收上述貨物的充分通知。 |
B7通知賣方
買方必須給予賣方有關(guān)船名、裝船點(diǎn)、以及需要時(shí)在約定期限內(nèi)所選擇的交貨時(shí)間的充分通知。
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A8交貨憑證
賣方必須自付費(fèi)用向買方提供證明貨物已按照A4規(guī)定交貨的通常單據(jù)。
除非前項(xiàng)所述單據(jù)是運(yùn)輸單據(jù),否則應(yīng)買方要求并由其承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用,賣方必須給予買方協(xié)助,以取得運(yùn)輸單據(jù)。 |
B8 提貨證據(jù)
買方必須接受按照A8規(guī)定提供的交貨憑證。 |
A9 檢查、包裝、標(biāo)志
賣方必須支付為按照A4規(guī)定交貨所需進(jìn)行的查對(duì)費(fèi)用(如核對(duì)貨物品質(zhì)、丈量、過磅、點(diǎn)數(shù)的費(fèi)用),以及出口國(guó)有關(guān)當(dāng)局強(qiáng)制進(jìn)行的裝運(yùn)前檢驗(yàn)的費(fèi)用。
賣方必須自付費(fèi)用,包裝貨物,除非按照相關(guān)行業(yè)慣例,運(yùn)輸?shù)呢浳餆o需包裝銷售。賣方必須以適合運(yùn)輸?shù)男问桨b貨物,除非買方在訂立銷售合同前已經(jīng)告知賣方特定的包裝要求。包裝應(yīng)作適當(dāng)標(biāo)記。
賣方必須自費(fèi)包裝貨物,除非所運(yùn)送的貨物按照交易習(xí)慣屬于無需包裝的種類。賣方可以以適合運(yùn)輸該貨物的方式包裝它們,除非在銷售合同簽訂之前買方通知了賣方的具體包裝要求。包裝必須做上適當(dāng)?shù)臉?biāo)記。 |
B9 貨物檢驗(yàn)
買方必須支付任何裝運(yùn)前檢驗(yàn)的費(fèi)用,但出口國(guó)有關(guān)當(dāng)局強(qiáng)制進(jìn)行的檢驗(yàn)除外。 |
A10信息幫助和相關(guān)費(fèi)用
在適用的情況下,應(yīng)買方要求并由其承當(dāng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用,賣方必須及時(shí)地給予買方一切協(xié)助,以幫助其取得他們所需要的貨物進(jìn)口和/或運(yùn)送到最終目的地的一切單據(jù)及信息。(包含與安全因素相關(guān)的信息)
賣方必須向買方支付所有買方因提供或幫助賣方得到B10中規(guī)定的單據(jù)或信息而產(chǎn)生的費(fèi)用。 |
B10信息幫助和相關(guān)費(fèi)用
買方必須及時(shí)告訴賣方其對(duì)任何與安全有關(guān)的信息的要求,以使賣方可以遵循A10。
買方必須支付全部費(fèi)用以及在A10中規(guī)定的賣方提供和給予協(xié)助使買方獲取單據(jù)和信息所發(fā)生的一切費(fèi)用。
在適用的情況下,應(yīng)賣方要求并由其承當(dāng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用,買方必須及時(shí)地提供或給予買方一切協(xié)助,以幫助其取得他們所需要的貨物的運(yùn)送和出口以及過境運(yùn)輸?shù)囊磺袉螕?jù)及信息。(包含與安全因素相關(guān)的信息) |
CFR——成本加運(yùn)費(fèi)付至(……指定目的港)
本規(guī)定只適用于海路及內(nèi)陸水運(yùn)。
“成本加運(yùn)費(fèi)”是指賣方交付貨物于船舶之上或采購(gòu)已如此交付的貨物,而貨物損毀或滅失之風(fēng)險(xiǎn)從貨物轉(zhuǎn)移至船舶之上起轉(zhuǎn)移,賣方應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)并支付必要的成本加運(yùn)費(fèi)以使貨物運(yùn)送至目的港。
當(dāng)使用CPT,CIP,CFR或CIF術(shù)語時(shí),賣方在將貨物交至已選定運(yùn)輸方式的運(yùn)送者時(shí),其義務(wù)即已履行,而非貨物抵達(dá)目的地時(shí)方才履行。
本規(guī)則有兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn),因?yàn)轱L(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移地和運(yùn)輸成本的轉(zhuǎn)移地是不同的。盡管合同中通常會(huì)確認(rèn)一個(gè)目的港,而不一定確認(rèn)卻未必指定裝運(yùn)港,即風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移給買方的地方。如果買方對(duì)裝運(yùn)港關(guān)乎買方的特殊利益(特別感興趣),建議雙方就此在合同中盡可能精確的加以確認(rèn)。
建議雙方對(duì)于目的港的問題盡可能準(zhǔn)確確認(rèn),因?yàn)橐源水a(chǎn)生的成本加運(yùn)費(fèi)由賣方承擔(dān)。訂立與此項(xiàng)選擇(目的港選擇)精確相符的運(yùn)輸合同。如果因買方原因致使運(yùn)輸合同與卸貨點(diǎn)基于目的港發(fā)生關(guān)系,那么除非雙方達(dá)成一致,否則賣方無權(quán)從買方處收回這些費(fèi)用。
成本加運(yùn)費(fèi)對(duì)于貨物在裝到船舶之上前即已交給(原為交付)承運(yùn)人的情形可能不適用,例如通常在終點(diǎn)站(即抵達(dá)港、卸貨點(diǎn),區(qū)別于port of destination)交付的集裝箱貨物。在這種情況下,宜使用CPT規(guī)則。(如當(dāng)事各方無意越過船舷交貨 )
成本加運(yùn)費(fèi)原則要求賣方辦理出口清關(guān)手續(xù),若合適的話。但是,賣方無義務(wù)為貨物辦理進(jìn)口清關(guān)、支付進(jìn)口關(guān)稅或者完成任何進(jìn)口地海關(guān)的報(bào)關(guān)手續(xù)。
A THE SELLER’ OBLIGATIONS
賣方義務(wù) |
B THE BUYER’ OBLIGATIONS
買方義務(wù) |
A1賣方的一般義務(wù)
賣方應(yīng)當(dāng)提供符合銷售合同規(guī)定的貨物和商業(yè)發(fā)票,以及其他任何合同可能要求的證明貨物符合合同要求的憑證。
如果買賣雙方達(dá)成一致或者依照慣例,任何A1—A10中所要求的單據(jù)都可以具有同等作用的電子訊息(記錄或手續(xù))出現(xiàn)。 |
B1買方的一般義務(wù)
買方應(yīng)當(dāng)依銷售合同支付商品價(jià)款。
如果買賣雙方達(dá)成一致或者依照慣例,任何B1—B10中所要求的單據(jù)都可以具有同等作用的電子訊息(記錄或手續(xù))出現(xiàn)。
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A2許可證、批準(zhǔn)、安全通關(guān)及其他手續(xù)
若可能的話,賣方應(yīng)當(dāng)自擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用,取得任何出口許可證或者其他官方授權(quán),并辦妥一切貨物出口所必需的海關(guān)手續(xù) |
B2許可證、批準(zhǔn)、安全通關(guān)及其他手續(xù)
若可能的話,買方有義務(wù)在自擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與費(fèi)用的情況下獲得任何進(jìn)口許可或其他的官方授權(quán)并為貨物進(jìn)口以及其在國(guó)內(nèi)的運(yùn)輸辦妥一切海關(guān)報(bào)關(guān)手續(xù)。 |
A3運(yùn)輸合同與保險(xiǎn)合同
a)運(yùn)輸合同
賣方應(yīng)當(dāng)在運(yùn)輸合同中約定一個(gè)協(xié)商一致的交付地點(diǎn),若有的話如在目的地的指定港口,或者,經(jīng)雙方同意在港口的任意地點(diǎn)。賣方應(yīng)當(dāng)自付費(fèi)用,按照通常條件訂立運(yùn)輸合同,經(jīng)由慣常航線,將貨物用通常用于供運(yùn)輸這類貨物的船舶加以運(yùn)輸。
b)保險(xiǎn)合同
賣方并無義務(wù)為買受人訂立一份保險(xiǎn)合同。但是,賣方應(yīng)當(dāng)按照買方的要求,在買方承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用(如果有的話)的前提下為其提供投保所需的的信息。 |
B3運(yùn)輸合同和保險(xiǎn)合同
a)運(yùn)輸合同:買方。無義務(wù)為賣方訂立運(yùn)輸合同
b)保險(xiǎn)合同:買方無義務(wù)為賣方訂立保險(xiǎn)合同。但是根據(jù)賣方請(qǐng)求,買方須提供投保所需要的必要信息。(雙方均無義務(wù)為對(duì)方訂立保險(xiǎn)合同,但若對(duì)方要求,則均有義務(wù)提供必要信息。) |
A4 交貨
賣方應(yīng)當(dāng)通過將貨物裝至船舶之上或促使貨物以此種方式交付進(jìn)行交付。在任何一種情形下,賣方應(yīng)當(dāng)在約定的日期或期間內(nèi)依慣例(新增部分)交付。 |
B4受領(lǐng)貨物(接收貨物)
買方必須在賣方按照A4規(guī)定交貨時(shí)受領(lǐng)貨物,并在指定目的港從承運(yùn)人處收受貨物。 |
A5風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移
除B5中描述的毀損滅失的情形之外,在貨物按照A4的規(guī)定交付之前(2000越過船舷前) ,賣方承擔(dān)一切貨物毀損滅失的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。 |
B5風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移
買方必須承擔(dān)貨物按照A4規(guī)定交付后毀損滅失的一切風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
如果買方未按照B7規(guī)定給予賣方通知,買方必須從約定的裝運(yùn)日期或裝運(yùn)期限屆滿之日起,承擔(dān)貨物滅失或損壞的一切風(fēng)險(xiǎn),假如貨物已被清楚地確定為合同中的貨物(即特定物)。 |
A6 費(fèi)用劃分
賣方必須支付以下費(fèi)用:
a)所有在貨物按照A4交付完成之前所產(chǎn)生的與之相關(guān)的費(fèi)用,B6中規(guī)定應(yīng)由買方承擔(dān)的可支付的部分除外。
b)貨物運(yùn)輸費(fèi)用及由A3 a)之規(guī)定(即運(yùn)輸合同)而產(chǎn)生的一切其他費(fèi)用,包括裝載貨物的費(fèi)用,以及按照運(yùn)輸合同約定由賣方支付的在約定卸貨港口卸貨產(chǎn)生的費(fèi)用。
c)在適當(dāng)?shù)那闆r下,因海關(guān)手續(xù)產(chǎn)生的一切費(fèi)用,以及出口貨物所需繳納的一切關(guān)稅,稅賦(注意兩者之間區(qū)別)及其他應(yīng)繳納之費(fèi)用(英美法特色,極盡羅列之能),以及根據(jù)運(yùn)輸合同應(yīng)由賣方承擔(dān)的因穿過任何國(guó)家所產(chǎn)生的過境費(fèi)用。 |
B6 費(fèi)用劃分
除A3條款第一項(xiàng)的規(guī)定費(fèi)用之外,買方必須支付:
a)從貨物以在A4中規(guī)定的方式交付起與之有關(guān)的一切費(fèi)用,除了出口所必要的清關(guān)費(fèi)用,以及在A6第三款中所涉及的所需的一切關(guān)稅、賦稅及其他各項(xiàng)應(yīng)付出口費(fèi)用;
b)貨物在運(yùn)輸途中直至到達(dá)目的港為止的一切費(fèi)用,除非這些費(fèi)用根據(jù)運(yùn)輸合同應(yīng)由賣方支付。(無變化)
c)卸貨費(fèi)用,包括駁船費(fèi)和碼頭費(fèi),除非該成本和費(fèi)用在運(yùn)輸合同是由賣方支付的。(無變化)
d)任何額外的費(fèi)用,如果(進(jìn)一步規(guī)定)沒有在既定日期或運(yùn)送貨物的既定期間的到期日前按照B7中的規(guī)定發(fā)出通知,但是(假如、倘若)貨物已被清楚地確定為合同中的貨物(即特定物,這里和B5是類似的)。及,
e)在需要辦理海關(guān)手續(xù)時(shí),貨物進(jìn)口應(yīng)交納的一切關(guān)稅、稅款和其他費(fèi)用,及辦理海關(guān)手續(xù)的費(fèi)用,以及需要時(shí)從他國(guó)過境的費(fèi)用,除非這些費(fèi)用已包括在運(yùn)輸合同中。 (無變化) |
A7通知買方
賣方應(yīng)當(dāng)給予買方所有/任何(后者更恰切,與2000年形成對(duì)比) 其需要的通知,以便買方能夠采取通常必要的提貨措施。 |
B7通知賣方
每當(dāng)能夠在指定的目的港之內(nèi)確定裝運(yùn)貨物的時(shí)間或者接收貨物的具體地點(diǎn)時(shí),買方必須充分給予賣方通知。 |
A8交貨憑證
賣方應(yīng)當(dāng)自負(fù)費(fèi)用的情況下,毫不遲疑(延誤)地向買方提供表明載往約定目的港的通常運(yùn)輸單據(jù)。
這一運(yùn)輸單據(jù)須載明(包含)合同貨物,其日期應(yīng)在約定的裝運(yùn)期內(nèi),使買方得以在目的港向承運(yùn)人提取貨物(主張權(quán)利),并且除非另有約定,應(yīng)使買方得以通過轉(zhuǎn)讓單據(jù)(提單)或通過通知承運(yùn)人,向其后手買方(下家)出售在途貨物。
如此運(yùn)輸單據(jù)為可以流通、可以議付形式(銀行根據(jù)信用證付錢 )或有數(shù)個(gè)正本,則應(yīng)向買方提供全套正本。 |
B8 提貨證據(jù)
買方必須接受按照A8規(guī)定提供的運(yùn)輸單據(jù),如果該單據(jù)符合合同規(guī)定的話。(無變化)
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A9 檢查、包裝、標(biāo)志
賣方應(yīng)當(dāng)支付為遵循A4條款運(yùn)輸貨物所需的進(jìn)行核對(duì)的費(fèi)用(比如核對(duì)貨物質(zhì)量、尺寸、重量、點(diǎn)數(shù)),同時(shí)還需支付國(guó)家出口機(jī)關(guān)規(guī)定的進(jìn)行裝船檢查的費(fèi)用。
賣方必須自付費(fèi)用提供貨物的包裝,除非在此行業(yè)中這種貨物無包裝發(fā)運(yùn)、銷售是普遍的現(xiàn)象。賣方應(yīng)當(dāng)用適于運(yùn)輸?shù)姆绞桨b貨物,除非買方在交易合同生效前對(duì)賣方提出了特殊的包裝要求。包裝應(yīng)當(dāng)適當(dāng)(恰當(dāng)更合適)標(biāo)記。(直譯容易出現(xiàn)歧義—適當(dāng)標(biāo)記也可以理解為可標(biāo)可不標(biāo)。) |
B9 貨物檢驗(yàn)
買方必須支付任何裝運(yùn)前檢驗(yàn)的費(fèi)用,但出口國(guó)有關(guān)當(dāng)局強(qiáng)制進(jìn)行的檢驗(yàn)除外。(無差異) |
A10信息幫助和相關(guān)費(fèi)用
賣方必須在可能的情況下及時(shí)應(yīng)買方的要求,在賣方承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與費(fèi)用的前提下,向買方提供幫助,以使買方能夠獲得任何單據(jù)與信息,包括買方進(jìn)口貨物或者為保證貨物到達(dá)目的地所需的安全信息。(特點(diǎn):大量的非限定性定語從句,難以按順序直譯——“穿插翻譯)
賣方應(yīng)當(dāng)償付所有買方基于B10的義務(wù)提供單據(jù)或信息的幫助所產(chǎn)生的一切費(fèi)用。(買方與賣方互相為對(duì)方為自己的幫助買單)
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B10信息幫助和相關(guān)費(fèi)用
買方必須在合適的時(shí)候告知賣方任何安全保障要求,以便賣方做到與第十項(xiàng)條款規(guī)定相符。
買方必須支付給賣方所有由賣方為獲得與第十項(xiàng)條款相符的相關(guān)單據(jù)和信息所產(chǎn)生的費(fèi)用和花費(fèi)。
買方必須在合適的時(shí)候告知賣方任何安全保障要求,以便賣方做到與第十項(xiàng)條款規(guī)定相符。 (新增)
買方必須支付給賣方所有由賣方為獲得與第十項(xiàng)條款相符的相關(guān)單據(jù)和信息所產(chǎn)生的費(fèi)用和花費(fèi)。
買方必須在合適的情況下,及時(shí)地提供給賣方幫助,以便根據(jù)賣方的要求,由賣方承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn),費(fèi)用條件下,獲得任何單據(jù)和信息,包括與安全有關(guān)的信息,賣方運(yùn)輸和出口貨物以及通過任何國(guó)境的信息。 (新增) |
CIF——成本,保險(xiǎn)加運(yùn)費(fèi)付至(……指定目的港)
該術(shù)語僅適用于海運(yùn)和內(nèi)河運(yùn)輸。
“成本,保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)加運(yùn)費(fèi)”指賣方將貨物裝上船或指(中間銷售商)設(shè)法獲取這樣交付的商品。貨物滅失或損壞的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)在貨物于裝運(yùn)港裝船時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)移向買方。賣方須自行訂立運(yùn)輸合同,支付將貨物裝運(yùn)至指定目的港所需的運(yùn)費(fèi)和費(fèi)用。
賣方須訂立貨物在運(yùn)輸途中由買方承擔(dān)的貨物滅失或損壞風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的保險(xiǎn)合同。買方須知曉在CIF規(guī)則下賣方有義務(wù)投保的險(xiǎn)別僅是最低保險(xiǎn)險(xiǎn)別。如買方望得到更為充分的保險(xiǎn)保障,則需與賣方明確地達(dá)成協(xié)議或者自行做出額外的保險(xiǎn)安排。
當(dāng)CPT,CIP, CFR或者 CIF術(shù)語被適用時(shí),賣方須在向承運(yùn)方移交貨物之時(shí)而非在貨物抵達(dá)目的地時(shí),履行已選擇的術(shù)語相應(yīng)規(guī)范的運(yùn)輸義務(wù)。
此規(guī)則因風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用分別于不同地點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移而具有以下兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)。合同慣常會(huì)指定相應(yīng)的目的港,但可能不會(huì)進(jìn)一步詳細(xì)指明裝運(yùn)港,即風(fēng)險(xiǎn)向買方轉(zhuǎn)移的地點(diǎn)。如買方對(duì)裝運(yùn)港尤為關(guān)注,那么合同雙方最好在合同中盡可能精確地確定裝運(yùn)港。
當(dāng)事人最好盡可能確定在約定的目的港內(nèi)的交貨地點(diǎn),賣方承擔(dān)至交貨地點(diǎn)的費(fèi)用。當(dāng)事人應(yīng)當(dāng)在約定的目的地港口盡可能精準(zhǔn)地檢驗(yàn),而由賣方承擔(dān)檢驗(yàn)費(fèi)用。賣方應(yīng)當(dāng)簽訂確切適合的運(yùn)輸合同。如果賣方發(fā)生了運(yùn)輸合同之下的于指定目的港卸貨費(fèi)用,則賣方無需為買方支付該費(fèi)用,除非當(dāng)事人之間約定。
賣方必須將貨物送至船上或者(由中間銷售商)承接已經(jīng)交付的貨物并運(yùn)送到目的地。除此之外,賣方必須簽訂一個(gè)運(yùn)輸合同或者提供這類的協(xié)議。這里的“提供”是為一系列的多項(xiàng)貿(mào)易過程(“連鎖貿(mào)易”)服務(wù),尤其在商品貿(mào)易中很普遍。
CIF術(shù)語并不適用于貨物在裝上船以前就轉(zhuǎn)交給承運(yùn)人的情況,例如通常運(yùn)到終點(diǎn)站交貨的集裝箱貨物。在這樣的情況下,應(yīng)當(dāng)適用CIP術(shù)語。
“成本、保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)加運(yùn)費(fèi)”術(shù)語要求賣方在適用的情況下辦理貨物出口清關(guān)手續(xù)。然而,賣方?jīng)]有義務(wù)辦理貨物進(jìn)口清關(guān)手續(xù),繳納任何進(jìn)口關(guān)稅或辦理進(jìn)口海關(guān)手續(xù)。
A THE SELLER’ OBLIGATIONS
賣方義務(wù) |
B THE BUYER’ OBLIGATIONS
買方義務(wù) |
A1賣方的一般義務(wù)
賣方必須提供符合銷售合同的貨物和商業(yè)發(fā)票,以及買賣合同可能要求的、證明貨物符合合同規(guī)定的其他任何憑證。
在A1-A10中的任何單據(jù)都可能是在雙方合意或習(xí)慣性用法中的同等作用的電子記錄或程序。 |
B1買方的一般義務(wù)
買方必須按照買賣合同規(guī)定支付價(jià)款。
在B1-B10中任何有關(guān)的文件都可能是在各部分或習(xí)慣性用法中使用的同等的電子記錄或程序。
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A2許可證、批準(zhǔn)、安全通關(guān)及其他手續(xù)
一些重要貨物或國(guó)家間的運(yùn)輸辦理海關(guān)手續(xù)。
在適用的時(shí)候,賣方須自負(fù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用,取得一切出口許可和其他官方許可,并辦理貨物出口所需的一切海關(guān)手續(xù) |
B2許可證、批準(zhǔn)、安全通關(guān)及其他手續(xù)
在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候,買方需要在自負(fù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用的前提下獲得出口執(zhí)照或其他政府許可并且辦理所有出口貨物的海關(guān)手續(xù)。 |
A3運(yùn)輸合同與保險(xiǎn)合同
a) 運(yùn)輸合同
賣家必須自行訂立或者參照格式條款訂立一個(gè)關(guān)于運(yùn)輸?shù)暮贤,將貨物從約定交付地(如果有)運(yùn)輸?shù)侥康牡氐闹付ǜ劭冢ㄈ绻屑s定)。運(yùn)輸合同需按照通常條件訂立,由賣方支付費(fèi)用,并規(guī)定貨物由通?晒┻\(yùn)輸合同所指貨物類型的船只、經(jīng)由慣常航線運(yùn)輸。
b) 保險(xiǎn)合同
賣家須自付費(fèi)用,按照至少符合《協(xié)會(huì)貨物保險(xiǎn)條款》(LMA/IUA)C款或其他類似條款中規(guī)定的最低保險(xiǎn)險(xiǎn)別投保。這個(gè)保險(xiǎn)應(yīng)與信譽(yù)良好的保險(xiǎn)人或保險(xiǎn)公司訂立,并保證買方或其他對(duì)貨物具有保險(xiǎn)利益的人有權(quán)直接向保險(xiǎn)人索賠。
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B3運(yùn)輸合同和保險(xiǎn)合同
a)運(yùn)輸合同
買方無訂立運(yùn)輸合同的義務(wù)。
b) 保險(xiǎn)合同
買方無訂立保險(xiǎn)合同的義務(wù)。但是,如果買方想附加同A3b)中所描述的保險(xiǎn),就須根據(jù)賣方要求,提供給賣方任何附加該保險(xiǎn)所需的信息。
應(yīng)買方要求,并由買方負(fù)擔(dān)費(fèi)用且提供一切賣方需要的信息,則賣方應(yīng)提供額外的保險(xiǎn),如果能投保的話,例如《協(xié)會(huì)貨物保險(xiǎn)條款》(LMA/IUA)中的條款(A)或條款(B)或任何類似的條款中提供的保險(xiǎn)和(或)與《協(xié)會(huì)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)險(xiǎn)條款》和(或)《協(xié)會(huì)罷工險(xiǎn)條款》(LMA/IUA)或其他類似條款符合的保險(xiǎn)。
最低保險(xiǎn)金額應(yīng)當(dāng)包括合同中所規(guī)定的價(jià)款另加百分之十(即110%),并應(yīng)用合同貨幣。
保險(xiǎn)應(yīng)當(dāng)承保從規(guī)定于A4和A5條款中的發(fā)貨點(diǎn)發(fā)出至少到指定的目的港的貨物。
賣方必須提供給買方保險(xiǎn)單或其他保險(xiǎn)承保的證據(jù)。
此外,應(yīng)買方的要求,并由買方自負(fù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)及費(fèi)用(如有)的情況下,賣方必須提供買方所需要的任何獲取額外保險(xiǎn)的信息。 |
A4 交貨
賣方必須將貨物放裝船運(yùn)送或者(由承運(yùn)人)獲取已經(jīng)運(yùn)送的貨物,在上述任一情況下,賣方必須在合意日期或者在達(dá)成合意的期限內(nèi)依港口的習(xí)慣進(jìn)行交付 |
B4受領(lǐng)貨物(接收貨物)
買方在貨物已經(jīng)以A4規(guī)定的方式送達(dá)時(shí)受領(lǐng)貨物,并必須在指定的目的港受領(lǐng)貨物。 |
A5風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移
賣方直到貨物以A4規(guī)定的方式送達(dá)之前都要承擔(dān)貨物滅失或者損壞的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),除非貨物是在B5描述的情況下滅失或者損壞。
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B5風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移
買方自貨物按A4規(guī)定的方式送達(dá)后承擔(dān)所有貨物滅失或者損壞的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
如果買方未按照B7規(guī)定給予賣方通知,那買方就要從遞送的合意日期或者遞送合意期限屆滿之日起承擔(dān)貨物滅失或者損壞的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),前提是貨物必須被清楚地標(biāo)明在合同項(xiàng)下貨物。 |
A6 費(fèi)用劃分
賣方必須支付
a)除在B6中規(guī)定的應(yīng)由買方支付的費(fèi)用外的 與貨物有關(guān)的一切費(fèi)用,直至按A4規(guī)定交貨為止;
b)費(fèi)和按照A3 a)規(guī)定的所有其他費(fèi)用,包括在港口裝載貨物的費(fèi)用以及根據(jù)運(yùn)輸合同由賣方支付的在約定卸貨港的卸貨費(fèi)
c)A3 b) 規(guī)定所發(fā)生的保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)用
d)要辦理海關(guān)手續(xù)時(shí),貨物出口需要辦理的海關(guān)手續(xù)費(fèi)以及出口應(yīng)繳納的一切關(guān)稅、稅款和其他費(fèi)用,以及根據(jù)運(yùn)輸合同規(guī)定的由賣方支付的貨物從他國(guó)過境的費(fèi)用。
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B6 費(fèi)用劃分
除A3 a)規(guī)定外,買方必須支付
a)照A4規(guī)定交貨之時(shí)起與貨物有關(guān)的一切費(fèi)用,但不包括A6 d)中規(guī)定的在需要辦理海關(guān)手續(xù)時(shí),貨物出口需要辦理的海關(guān)手續(xù)費(fèi)以及出口應(yīng)繳納的一切關(guān)稅、稅款和其他費(fèi)用;
b)輸至到達(dá)目的地港口過程中與貨物有關(guān)的一切費(fèi)用,運(yùn)輸合同中規(guī)定由賣方承擔(dān)的除外。
c)運(yùn)費(fèi)和碼頭搬運(yùn)費(fèi)在內(nèi)的卸貨費(fèi)用,運(yùn)輸合同中規(guī)定由賣方承擔(dān)的除外。
d照B7規(guī)定在約定日期或運(yùn)送的協(xié)議期限到期時(shí)給予賣方相應(yīng)通知而發(fā)生的任何額外費(fèi)用,但以該項(xiàng)貨物已正式劃歸合同項(xiàng)下為限。
e)要辦理海關(guān)手續(xù)時(shí),貨物進(jìn)口應(yīng)交納的一切關(guān)稅、稅款和其他費(fèi)用,貨物進(jìn)口需要辦理的海關(guān)手續(xù)費(fèi),以及從他國(guó)過境的費(fèi)用,已包含在運(yùn)輸合同所規(guī)定的費(fèi)用中的除外。及
f)根據(jù)A3 b)和B3 b),任何因買方要求而產(chǎn)生的附加保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)用。 |
A7通知買方
賣方必須給予買方一切必要的通知,以便買方采取必要的措施來確保領(lǐng)受貨物。 |
B7通知賣方
當(dāng)買方有權(quán)決定裝運(yùn)貨物的時(shí)間和/或在目的港內(nèi)接受貨物的地點(diǎn),買方必須給予賣方充分的通知。 |
A8交貨憑證
賣方必須自付費(fèi)用,毫不遲延地向買方提供表明載往約定目的港的通常運(yùn)輸單據(jù)。此單據(jù)必須載明合同貨物,其日期應(yīng)在約定的裝運(yùn)期內(nèi),使買方得以在目的港向承運(yùn)人提取貨物,并且,除非另有約定,應(yīng)使買方得以通過轉(zhuǎn)讓單據(jù)或通過通知承運(yùn)人,向其后手買方出售在途貨物。
如此運(yùn)輸單據(jù)有不同形式且有數(shù)份正本,則應(yīng)向買方提供全套正本 |
B8 提貨證據(jù)
買方必須接受按照A8規(guī)定提供的運(yùn)輸單據(jù),如果該單據(jù)符合合同規(guī)定的話。 |
A9 檢查、包裝、標(biāo)志
賣方必須支付為了使運(yùn)輸貨物符合A4的要求而產(chǎn)生的所有核對(duì)費(fèi)用(例如核對(duì)貨物品質(zhì)、丈量、過磅、點(diǎn)數(shù)),以及出口國(guó)當(dāng)局強(qiáng)制要求的運(yùn)前檢驗(yàn)。
賣方必須自負(fù)費(fèi)用,包裝貨物,但所運(yùn)輸貨物通常無須包裝即可銷售的除外。賣方應(yīng)當(dāng)采用使貨物適宜運(yùn)輸?shù)陌b方式,除非買方在買賣合同簽訂前告知賣方以特定方式包裝。包裝應(yīng)當(dāng)適當(dāng)標(biāo)記。 |
B9 貨物檢驗(yàn)
買方必須支付所有強(qiáng)制性運(yùn)前檢驗(yàn)的費(fèi)用,但出口國(guó)當(dāng)局強(qiáng)制要求的檢驗(yàn)除外 |
A10信息幫助和相關(guān)費(fèi)用
當(dāng)適用的時(shí)候,應(yīng)買方要求,并由其承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用,賣方必須及時(shí)地提供或給予協(xié)助以幫助買方取得他們貨物進(jìn)口和/或運(yùn)輸至最終目的地所需要的,包括安全相關(guān)信息在內(nèi)的一切單據(jù)和訊息。
對(duì)于買方由于的提供或是協(xié)助賣方獲取B10所規(guī)定的所有相關(guān)單據(jù)和訊息而支出的所有的費(fèi)用,賣方必須予以償付 |
B10信息幫助和相關(guān)費(fèi)用
買方必須及時(shí)地告知賣方獲取相關(guān)安全訊息的要求,以便賣方能夠遵守A10中的規(guī)定。
賣方由于履行A10所述的規(guī)定,提供和協(xié)助買方獲得相關(guān)訊息所支出的費(fèi)用,買方必須予以償付。
應(yīng)賣方要求,并由其承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用,買方必須及時(shí)地提供或給予協(xié)助以使賣方獲取其運(yùn)輸和貨物出口通過任何國(guó)家所需要的,包括安全相關(guān)信息在內(nèi)的一切單據(jù)和訊息。 |
[1]是指賣方只要將貨物在指定的地點(diǎn)交給買方指定的承運(yùn)人,并辦理了出口清關(guān)手續(xù),即完成交貨。
[2] 邊境交貨是指當(dāng)賣方在邊境的指定的地點(diǎn)和具體交貨點(diǎn),在毗鄰國(guó)家海關(guān)邊界前,將仍處于交貨的運(yùn)輸工具上尚未卸下的貨物交給買方處置,辦妥貨物出口清關(guān)手續(xù)但尚未辦理進(jìn)口清關(guān)手續(xù)時(shí),即完成交貨。“邊境”一詞可用于任何邊境,包括出口國(guó)邊境。因而,用指定地點(diǎn)和具體交貨點(diǎn)準(zhǔn)確界定所指邊境,這是極為重要的。
[3] 目的港船上交貨是指在指定的目的港,貨物在船上交給買方處置,但不辦理貨物進(jìn)口清關(guān)手續(xù),賣方即完成交貨。賣方必須承擔(dān)貨物運(yùn)至指定的目的港卸貨前的一切風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用。如果當(dāng)事各方希望賣方負(fù)擔(dān)卸貨的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用,則應(yīng)使用DEQ 術(shù)語。
[4] 未完稅交貨是指賣方在指定的目的地將貨物交給買方處置,不辦理進(jìn)口手續(xù),也不從交貨的運(yùn)輸工具上將貨物卸下,即完成交貨。賣方應(yīng)承擔(dān)將貨物運(yùn)至指定的目的地的一切風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用,不包括在需要辦理海關(guān)手續(xù)時(shí)在目的地國(guó)進(jìn)口應(yīng)交納的任何“稅費(fèi)”(包括辦理海關(guān)手續(xù)的責(zé)任和風(fēng)險(xiǎn),以及交納手續(xù)費(fèi)、關(guān)稅、稅款和其他費(fèi)用)。買方必須承擔(dān)此項(xiàng)“稅費(fèi)”和因其未能及時(shí)輸貨物進(jìn)口清關(guān)手續(xù)而引起的費(fèi)用和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
RULES FOR ANY MODE OR MODES OF TRANSPORT
EX WORKS
EXW (insert named place of delivery) Incoterms 2010
GUIDANCE NOTE
This rule may be used irrespective of the mode of transport selected and may also be used where more than one mode of transport is employed.
It is suitable for domestic trade, while FCA is usually more appropriate for international trade.
“Ex Works” means that the seller delivers when it places the goods at the disposal of the buyer at the seller’s premises or at another named place (i.e., works, factory, warehouse, etc.). The seller does not need to load the goods on any collecting vehicle, nor does it need to clear the goods for export, where such clearance is applicable.
The parties are well advised to specify as clearly as possible the point within the named place of delivery, as the costs and risks to that point are for the account of the seller. The buyer bears all costs and risks involved in taking the goods from the agreed point, if any, at the named place of delivery.
EXW represents the minimum obligation for the seller. The rule should be used with care as:
a) The seller has no obligation to the buyer to load the goods, even though in practice the seller may be in a better position to do so. If the seller does load the goods, it does so at the buyer’s risk and expense. In cases where the seller is in a better position to load the goods, FCA, which obliges the seller to do so at its own risk and expense, is usually more appropriate.
b) A buyer who buys from a seller on an EXW basis for export needs to be aware that the seller has an obligation to provide only such assistance as the buyer may require to effect that export: the seller is not bound to organize the export clearance. Buyers are therefore well advised not to use EXW if they cannot directly or indirectly obtain export clearance.
c) The buyer has limited obligations to provide to the seller any information regarding the export of the goods. However, the seller may need this information for, e.g., taxation or reporting purposes.
A THE SELLER’ OBLIGATIONS
A1 General obligations of the seller
The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity that may be required by the contract. Any document referred to in A1-A10 may be an equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed between the parties or customary.
A2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances and other formalities Where applicable, the seller must provide the buyer, at the buyer’s request, risk and expense, assistance in obtaining any export licence, or other official authorization necessary for the export of the goods.
Where applicable, the seller must provide, at the buyer’s request, risk and expense, any information in the possession of the seller that is required for the security clearance of the goods.
A3 Contracts of carriage and insurance
a) Contract of carriage
The seller has no obligation to the buyer to make a contract of carriage.
b) Contract of insurance
The seller has no obligation to the buyer to make a contract of insurance. However, the seller must provide the buyer, at the buyer’s request, risk and expense (if any), with information that the buyer needs for obtaining insurance.
A4 Delivery
The seller must deliver the goods by placing them at the disposal of the buyer at the agreed point, if any, at the named place of delivery, not loaded on any collecting vehicle. If no specific point has been agreed within the named place of delivery, and if there are several points available, the seller may select the point that best suits its purpose. The seller must deliver the goods on the agreed date or within the agreed period.
B THE BUYER’ OBLIGATIONS
B1 General obligations of the buyer
The buyer must pay the price of the goods as provided in the contract of sale.
Any document referred to in B1-B10 may be an equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed between the parties or customary.
B2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances and other formalities
Where applicable, it is up to the buyer to obtain, at its own risk and expense, any export and import licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities for the export of the goods.
B3 Contracts of carriage and insurance
a) Contract of carriage
The buyer has no obligation to the seller to make a contract of carriage.
b) Contract of insurance
The buyer has no obligation to the seller to make a contract of insurance.
B4 Taking delivery
The buyer must take delivery of the goods when A4 and A7 have been complied with.
A5 Transfer of risks
The seller bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4 with the exception of loss or damage in the circumstances described in
B5.
A6 Allocation of costs
The seller must pay all costs relating to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4, other than those payable by the buyer as envisaged in B6.
A7 Notices to the buyer
The seller must give the buyer any notice needed to enable the buyer to take delivery of the goods.
A8 Delivery document
The seller has no obligation to the buyer.
B5 Transfer of risks
The buyer bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from the time they have been delivered as envisaged in A4. If the buyer fails to give notice in accordance with B7, then the
buyer bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from the agreed date or the expiry date of the agreed period for delivery, provided that the goods have been clearly identified as the
contract goods.
B6 Allocation of costs
The buyer must:
a) pay all costs relating to the goods from the time they have been delivered as envisaged in A4;
b)pay any additional costs incurred by failing either to take delivery of the goods when they have been placed at its disposal or to give appropriate notice in accordance with B7, provided that the goods have been clearly identified as the contract goods;
c)pay, where applicable, all duties, taxes and other charges, as well as the costs of carrying out customs formalities payable upon export; and
d) reimburse all costs and charges incurred by the seller in providing assistance as envisaged in A2.
B7 Notices to the seller
The buyer must, whenever it is entitled to determine the time within an agreed period and/or the point of taking delivery within the named place, give the seller sufficient notice thereof.
B8 Proof of delivery
The buyer must provide the seller with appropriate evidence of having taken delivery.
A9 Checking –packaging –marking
The seller must pay the costs of those checking operations (such as checking quality, measuring, weighing, and counting) that are necessary for the purpose of delivering the goods in accordance with A4.
The seller must, at its own expense, package the goods, unless it is usual for the particular trade to transport the type of goods sold unpackaged. The seller may package the goods in the manner appropriate for their transport, unless the buyer has notified the seller of specific packaging requirements before the contract of sale is concluded. Packaging is to be marked appropriately.
A10 Assistance with information and related costs
The seller must,&n,bsp;where applicable, in a timely manner, provide to or render assistance in obtaining for the buyer, at the buyer’s request, risk and expense, any documents and information, including security-related information, that the buyer needs for the export and/or import of the goods and/or for their transport to the final destination.
B9 Inspection of goods
The buyer must pay the costs of any mandatory pre-shipment inspection, including inspection mandated by the authorities of the country of export.
B10 Assistance with information and related costs
The buyer must, in a timely manner, advise the seller of any security information requirements so that the seller may comply with A10.
The buyer must reimburse the seller for all costs and charges incurred by the seller in providing or rendering assistance in obtaining documents and information as envisaged in A10.
Free Carrier
FCA (insert named place of delivery) Incoterms 2010
GUIDANCE NOTE
This rule may be used irrespective of the mode of transport selected and may also be used where more than one mode of transport is employed. “Free Carrier” means that the seller delivers the goods to the carrier or another person nominated by the buyer at the seller’s premises or another named place. The parties are well advised to specify as clearly as possible the point within the named place of delivery, as the risk passes to the buyer at that point. If the parties intend to deliver the goods at the seller’s premises, they should identify the address of those premises as the named place of delivery. If, on the other hand, the parties intend the goods to be delivered at another place, they must identify a different specific place of delivery.
FCA requires the seller to clear the goods for export, where applicable. However, the seller has no obligation to clear the goods for import, pay any import duty or carry out any import customs formalities.
A THE SELLER’ OBLIGATIONS
A1 General obligations of the seller
The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity that may be required by the contract.
Any document referred to in A1-A10 may be an equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed between the parties or customary.
A2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances and other formalities
Where applicable, the seller must obtain, at its own risk and expense, any export licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities necessary for the export of the
goods.
A3 Contracts of carriage and insurance
a) Contract of carriage
The seller has no obligation to the buyer to make a contract of carriage. However, if requested by the buyer or if it is commercial practice and the buyer does not give an instruction to the
contrary in due time, the seller may contract for carriage on usual terms at the buyer’s risk and expense. In either case, the seller may decline to make the contract of carriage and, if it does, shall promptly notify the buyer.
b) Contract of insurance
The seller has no obligation to the buyer to make a contract of insurance. However, the seller must provide the buyer, at the buyer’s request, risk, and expense (if any), with information that
the buyer needs for obtaining insurance.
A4 Delivery
The seller must deliver the goods to the carrier or another person nominated by the buyer at the agreed point, if any, at the named place on the agreed date or within the agreed period.
Delivery is completed:
a) If the named place is the seller’s premises, when the goods have been loaded on the means of transport provided by the buyer.
b) In any other case, when the goods are placed at the disposal of the carrier or another person nominated by the buyer on the seller’s means of transport ready for unloading.
If no specific point has been notified by the buyer under B7 d) within the named place of delivery, and if there are several points available, the seller may select the point that best suits its purpose.
B THE BUYER’ OBLIGATIONS
B1 General obligations of the buyer
The buyer must pay the price of the goods as provided in the contract of sale.
Any document referred to in B1-B10 may be an equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed between the parties or customary.
B2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances and other formalities
Where applicable, it is up to the buyer to obtain, at its own risk and expense, any import licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities for the import of the goods and for their transport through any country.
B3 Contracts of carriage and insurance
a) Contract of carriage
The buyer must contract at its own expense for the carriage of the goods from the named place of delivery, except when the contract of carriage is made by the seller as provided for in A3 a).
b) Contract of insurance
The buyer has no obligation to the seller to make a contract of insurance.
B4 Taking delivery
The buyer must take delivery of the goods when they have been delivered as envisaged in A4.
Unless the buyer notifies the seller otherwise, the seller may deliver the goods for carriage in such a manner as the quantity and/or nature of the goods may require.
A5 Transfer of risks
The seller bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4, with the exception of loss or damage in the circumstances described in
B5.
A6 Allocation of costs
The seller must pay
a) all costs relating to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4, other than those payable by the buyer as envisaged in B6; and
b) where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export, as well as all duties, taxes, and other charges payable upon export.
B5 Transfer of risks
The buyer bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from the time they have been delivered as envisaged in A4.
If
a) the buyer fails in accordance with B7 to notify the nomination of a carrier or another person as envisaged in A4 or to give notice; or
b) the carrier or person nominated by the buyer as envisaged in A4 fails to take the goods into its charge, then, the buyer bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods:
(i) from the agreed date, or in the absence of an agreed date,
(ii) from the date notified by the seller under A7 within the agreed period; or, if no such date has been notified,
(iii) from the expiry date of any agreed period for delivery, provided that the goods have been clearly identified as the contract goods.
B6 Allocation of costs
The buyer must pay
a) all costs relating to the goods from the time they have been delivered as envisaged in A4, except, where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export, as well as all duties, taxes, and other charges payable upon export as referred to in A6 b);
b) any additional costs incurred, either because:
(i) the buyer fails to nominate a carrier or another person as envisaged in A4, or
(ii) the carrier or person nominated by the buyer as envisaged in A4 fails to take the goods into its charge, or
(iii) the buyer has failed to give appropriate notice in accordance with B7, provided that the goods have been clearly identified as the contract goods; and
c) where applicable, all duties, taxes and other charges as well as the costs of carrying out customs formalities payable upon import of the goods and the costs for their transport through any country.
A7 Notices to the buyer
The seller must, at the buyer’s risk and expense, give the buyer sufficient notice either that the goods have been delivered in accordance with A4 or that the carrier or another person nominated by the buyer has failed to take the goods within the time agreed.
A8 Delivery document
The seller must provide the buyer, at the seller’s expense, with the usual proof that the goods have been delivered in accordance with A4.
The seller must provide assistance to the buyer, at the buyer’s request, risk and expense, in obtaining a transport document.
A9 Checking –packaging –marking
The seller must pay the costs of those checking operations (such as checking quality, measuring, weighing, counting) that are necessary for the purpose of delivering the goods in accordance
with A4, as well as the costs of any pre-shipment inspection mandated by the authority of the country of export.
The seller must, at its own expense, package the goods, unless it is usual for the particular trade to transport the type of goods sold unpackaged. The seller may package the goods in the manner appropriate for their transport, unless the buyer has notified the seller of specific packaging requirements before the contract of sale is concluded. Packaging is to be marked appropriately.
A10 Assistance with information and related costs The seller must, where applicable, in a timely manner, provide to or render assistance in obtaining for the buyer, at the buyer’s request,
risk and expense, any documents and information, including security-related information, that the buyer needs for the import of the goods and/or for their transport to the final destination.
B7 Notices to the seller
The buyer must notify the seller of
a) the name of the carrier or another person nominated as envisaged in A4 within sufficient time as to enable the seller to deliver the goods in accordance with that article;
b) where necessary, the selected time within the period agreed for delivery when the carrier or person nominated will take the goods;
c) the mode of transport to be used by the person nominated; and
d) the point of taking delivery within the named place.
B8 Proof of delivery
The buyer must accept the proof of delivery provided as envisaged in A8.
B9 Inspection of goods
The buyer must pay the costs of any mandatory pre-shipment inspection, except when such inspection is mandated by the authorities of the country of export.
B10 Assistance with information and related costs
The buyer must, in a timely manner, advise the seller of any security information requirements so that the seller may comply with A10.
The buyer must reimburse the seller for all costs and charges incurred by the seller in providing or rendering assistance in obtaining documents and information as envisaged in A10.
The seller must reimburse the buyer for all costs and charges incurred by the buyer in providing or rendering assistance in obtaining documents and information as envisaged in B10.
The buyer must, where applicable, in a timely manner, provide to or render assistance in obtaining for the seller, at the seller’s request, risk and expense, any documents and information,
including security-related information, that the seller needs for the transport and export of the goods and for their transport through any country.
CARRIAGE PAID TO
CPT (insert named place of destination) Incoterms 2010
GUIDANCE NOTE
This rule may be used irrespective of the mode of transport selected and may also be used where more than one mode of transport is employed.
“Carriage Paid To” means that the seller delivers the goods to the carrier or another person nominated by the seller at an agreed place (if any such place is agreed between the parties) and that the seller must contract for and pay the costs of carriage necessary to bring the goods to the named place of destination.
When CPT, CIP, CFR or CIF are used, the seller fulfils its obligation to deliver when it hands the goods over to the carrier and not when the goods reach the place of destination.
This rule has two critical points, because risk passes and costs are transferred at different places. The parties are well advised to identify as precisely as possible in the contract both the place of delivery, where the risk passes to the buyer, and the named place of destination to which the
seller must contract for the carriage. If several carriers are used for the carriage to the agreed destination and the parties do not agree on a specific point of delivery, the default position is that risk passes when the goods have been delivered to the first carrier at a point entirely of the seller’s choosing and over which the,
buyer has no control. Should the parties wish the risk to pass at a later stage (e.g., at an ocean port or airport), they need to specify this in their contract of sale. The parties are also well advised to identify as precisely as possible the point within the agreed place of destination, as the costs to that point are for the account of the seller. The seller is advised to procure contracts of carriage that match this choice precisely. If the seller incurs costs under its contract of carriage related to unloading at the named place of destination, the seller is not entitled to recover such costs from the buyer unless otherwise agreed between the parties.
CPT requires the seller to clear the goods for export, where applicable. However, the seller has no obligation to clear the goods for import, pay any import duty or carry out any import customs formalities.
A THE SELLER’ OBLIGATIONS
A1 General obligations of the seller
The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity that may be required by the contract. Any document referred to in A1-A10 may be an equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed between the parties or customary.
A2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances and other formalities Where applicable, the seller must obtain, at its own risk and expense, any export licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities necessary for the export of the goods, and for their transport through any country prior to delivery.
A3 Contracts of carriage and insurance
a) Contract of carriage
The seller must contract or procure a contract for the carriage of the goods from the agreed point of delivery, if any, at the place of delivery to the named place of destination or, if agreed, any point at that place. The contract of carriage must be made on usual terms at the seller’s expense and provide for carriage by the usual route and in a customary manner. If a specific point is not agreed or is not determined by practice, the seller may select the point of delivery and the point at the named place of destination that best suit its purpose.
b) Contract of insurance
The seller has no obligation to the buyer to make a contract of insurance. However, the seller must provide the buyer, at the buyer’s request, risk, and expense (if any), with information that
the buyer needs for obtaining insurance.
A4 Delivery
The seller must deliver the goods by handing them over to the carrier contracted in accordance with A3 on the agreed date or within the agreed period.
B THE BUYER’ OBLIGATIONS
B1 General obligations of the buyer
The buyer must pay the price of the goods as provided in the contract of sale. Any document referred to in B1-B10 may be an equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed between the parties or customary.
B2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances and other formalities Where applicable, it is up to the buyer to obtain, at its own risk and expense, any import licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities for the import of the goods and for their transport through any country.
B3 Contracts of carriage and insurance
a) Contract of carriage
The buyer has no obligation to the seller to make a contract of carriage.
b) Contract of insurance
The buyer has no obligation to the seller to make a contract of insurance. However, the buyer must provide the seller, upon request, with the necessary information for obtaining insurance.
B4 Taking delivery
The buyer must take delivery of the goods when they have been delivered as envisaged in A4 and receive them from the carrier at the named place of destination.
A5 Transfer of risks
The seller bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4, with the exception of loss or damage in the circumstances described in B5.
A6 Allocation of costs The seller must pay
a) all costs relating to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4, other than those payable by the buyer as envisaged in B6;
b) the freight and all other costs resulting from A3 a), including the costs of loading the goods and any charges for unloading at the place of destination that were for the seller’s account under
the contract of carriage; and
c) where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export, as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon export, and the costs for their transport through any country that were for the seller’s account under the contract of carriage.
A7 Notices to the buyer
The seller must notify the buyer that the goods have been delivered in accordance with A4.
The seller must give the buyer any notice needed in order to allow the buyer to take measures that are normally necessary to enable the buyer to take the goods.
B5 Transfer of risks
The buyer bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from the time they have been delivered as envisaged in A4. If the buyer fails to give notice in accordance with B7, it must
bear all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from the agreed date or the expiry date of the agreed period for delivery, provided that the goods have been clearly identified as the contract goods.
B6 Allocation of costs
The buyer must, subject to the provisions of A3 a), pay
a) all costs relating to the goods from the time they have been delivered as envisaged in A4, except, where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export, as well as all duties, taxes, and other charges payable upon export as referred to in A6 c);
b) all costs and charges relating to the goods while in transit until their arrival at the agreed place of destination, unless such costs and charges were for the seller’s account under the contract of
carriage;
c) unloading costs, unless such costs were for the seller’s account under the contract of carriage;
d) any additional costs incurred if the buyer fails to give notice in accordance with B7, from the agreed date or the expiry date of the agreed period for dispatch, provided that the goods have
been clearly identified as the contract goods; and
e) where applicable, all duties, taxes and other charges, as well as the costs of carrying out customs formalities payable upon import of the goods and the costs for their transport through any country, unless included within the cost of the contract of carriage.
B7 Notices to the seller
The buyer must, whenever it is entitled to determine the time for dispatching the goods and/or the named place of destination or the point of receiving the goods within that place, give the seller sufficient notice thereof.
If customary or at the buyer’s request, the seller must provide the buyer, at the seller’s expense, with the usual transport document[s] for the transport contracted in accordance with A3.
This transport document must cover the contract goods and be dated within the period agreed for shipment. If agreed or customary, the document must also enable the buyer to claim the goods from the carrier at the named place of destination and enable the buyer to sell the goods in transit by the transfer of the document to a subsequent buyer or by notification to the carrier.
When such a transport document is issued in negotiable form and in several originals, a full set of originals must be presented to the buyer.
A9 Checking –packaging –marking
The seller must pay the costs of those checking operations (such as checking quality, measuring, weighing, counting) that are necessary for the purpose of delivering the goods in accordance with A4, as well as the costs of any pre-shipment inspection mandated by the authority of the country of export. The seller must, at its own expense, package the goods, unless it is usual for the particular trade to transport the type of goods sold unpackaged. The seller may package the goods in the manner appropriate for their transport, unless the buyer has notified the seller of specific packaging requirements before the contract of sale is concluded. Packaging is to be marked appropriately.
A10 Assistance with information and related costs
The seller must, where applicable, in a timely manner, provide to or render assistance in obtaining for the buyer, at the buyer’s request, risk and expense, any documents and information,
including security-related information, that the buyer needs for the import of the goods and/or for their transport to the final destination.
The seller must reimburse the buyer for all costs and charges incurred by the buyer in providing or rendering assistance in obtaining documents and information as envisaged in B10.
B8 Proof of delivery
The buyer must accept the transport document provided as envisaged in A8 if it is in conformity with the contract.
B9 Inspection of goods
The buyer must pay the costs of any mandatory pre-shipment inspection, except when such inspection is mandated by the authorities of the country of export.
B10 Assistance with information and related costs
The buyer must, in a timely manner, advise the seller of any security information requirements so that the seller may comply with A10.
The buyer must reimburse the seller for all costs and charges incurred by the seller in providing or rendering assistance in obtaining documents and information as envisaged in A10.
The buyer must, where applicable, in a timely manner, provide to or render assistance in obtaining for the seller, at the seller’s request, risk and expense, any documents and information,
including security-related information, that the seller needs for the transport and export of the goods and for their transport through any country.
CARRIAGE AND INSURANCE PAID TO
CIP (insert named place of destination) Incoterms 2010
GUIDANCE NOTE
This rule may be used irrespective of the mode of transport selected and may also be used where more than one mode of transport is employed. “Carriage and Insurance Paid to” means that the seller delivers the goods to the carrier or another person nominated by the seller at an agreed place (if any such place is agreed between the parties) and that the seller must contract for and pay the costs of carriage necessary to bring the goods to the named place of destination.
The seller also contracts for insurance cover against the buyer’s risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the carriage. The buyer should note that under CIP the seller is required to obtain insurance only on minimum cover. Should the buyer wish to have more insurance protection, it will need either to agree as much expressly with the seller or to make its own extra insurance arrangements.
When CPT, CIP, CFR or CIF are used, the seller fulfils its obligation to deliver when it hands the goods over to the carrier and not when the goods reach the place of destination.
This rule has two critical points, because risk passes and costs are transferred at different places. The parties are well advised to identify as precisely as possible in the contract both the place of delivery, where the risk passes to the buyer, and the named place of destination to which the seller must contract for carriage. If several carriers are used for the carriage to the agreed destination and the parties do not agree on a specific point of delivery, the default position is that risk passes when the goods have been delivered to the first carrier at a point entirely of the
seller’s choosing and over which the buyer has no control. Should the parties wish the risk to pass at a later stage (e.g., at an ocean port or an airport), they need to specify this in their contract of sale.
The parties are also well advised to identify as precisely as possible the point within the agreed place of destination, as the costs to that point are for the account of the seller. The seller is advised to procure contracts of carriage that match this choice precisely. If the seller incurs costs under its contract of carriage related to unloading at the named place of destination, the seller is not entitled to recover such costs from the buyer unless otherwise agreed between the parties.
CIP requires the seller to clear the goods for export, where applicable. However, the seller has no obligation to clear the goods for import, pay any import duty or carry out any import customs formalities.
A THE SELLER’ OBLIGATIONS
A1 General obligations of the seller
The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity that may be required by the contract. Any document referred to in A1-A10 may be an equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed between the parties or customary.
A2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances and other formalities Where applicable, the seller must obtain, at its own risk and expense, any export licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities necessary for the export of the goods and for their transport through any country prior to delivery.
B THE BUYER’ OBLIGATIONS
B1 General obligations of the buyer The buyer must pay the price of the goods as provided in the
contract of sale. Any document referred to in B1-B10 may be an equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed between the parties or customary.
B2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances and other Formalities Where applicable, it is up to the buyer to obtain, at its own risk and expense, any import licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities for the import of the goods and for their transport through any country.
A3 Contracts of carriage and insurance
a) Contract of carriage
The seller must contract or procure a contract for the carriage of the goods from the agreed point of delivery, if any, at the place of delivery to the named place of destination or, if agreed, any point at that place. The contract of carriage must be made on usual terms at the seller’s expense and provide for carriage by the usual route and in a customary manner. If a specific point is not agreed or is not determined by practice, the seller may select the point of&nbs,p;delivery and the point at the named place of destination that best suit its purpose.
b) Contract of insurance
The seller must obtain at its own expense cargo insurance complying at least with the minimum cover as provided by Clauses (C) of the Institute Cargo Clauses (LMA/IUA) or any similar clauses. The insurance shall be contracted with underwriters or an insurance company of good repute and entitle the buyer, or any other person having an insurable interest in the goods, to claim directly from the insurer.
When required by the buyer, the seller shall, subject to the buyer providing any necessary information requested by the seller, provide at the buyer’s expense any additional cover, if procurable, such as cover as provided by Clauses (A) or (B) of the Institute Cargo Clauses (LMA/IUA) or any similar clauses, and/or cover complying with the Institute War Clauses and/or Institute
Strikes Clauses (LMA/IUA) or any similar clauses. The insurance shall cover, at a minimum, the price provided in the contract plus 10% (i.e., 110%) and shall be in the currency of
the contract. The insurance shall cover the goods from the point of delivery set out in A and A5 to at least the named place of destination. The seller must provide the buyer with the insurance policy or other evidence of insurance cover. Moreover, the seller must provide the buyer, at the buyer’s request, risk, and expense (if any), with information that the buyer needs to procure any additional insurance.
A4 Delivery
The seller must deliver the goods by handing them over to the carrier contracted in accordance with A3 on the agreed date or within the agreed period.
B3 Contracts of carriage and insurance
a) Contract of carriage
The buyer has no obligation to the seller to make a contract of carriage.
b) Contract of insurance
The buyer has no obligation to the seller to make a contract of insurance. However, the buyer must provide the seller, upon request, with any information necessary for the seller to procure any additional insurance requested by the buyer as envisaged in A3 b).
B4 Taking delivery
The buyer must take delivery of the goods when they have been delivered as envisaged in A4 and receive them from the carrier at the named place of destination.
A5 Transfer of risks
The seller bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4, with the exception of loss or damage in the circumstances described in
B5.
A6 Allocation of costs
The seller must pay
a) all costs relating to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4, other than those payable by the buyer as envisaged in B6;
b) the freight and all other costs resulting from A3 a), including the costs of loading the goods and any charges for unloading at the place of destination that were for the seller’s account under
the contract of carriage;
c) the costs of insurance resulting from A3 b); and d) where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export, as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon export, and the costs for their transport through any country that were for the seller’s account under the contract of carriage.
A7 Notices to the buyer
The seller must notify the buyer that the goods have been delivered in accordance with A4.
The seller must give the buyer any notice needed in order to allow the buyer to take measures that are normally necessary to enable the buyer to take the goods.
B5 Transfer of risks
The buyer bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from the time they have been delivered as envisaged in A4. If the buyer fails to give notice in accordance with B7, it must
bear all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from the agreed date or the expiry date of the agreed period for delivery, provided that the goods have been clearly identified as the contract goods.
B6 Allocation of costs
The buyer must, subject to the provisions of A3 a), pay
a) all costs relating to the goods from the time they have been delivered as envisaged in A4, except, where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export, as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon export as referred to in A6 d);
b) all costs and charges relating to the goods while in transit until their arrival at the agreed place of destination, unless such costs and charges were for the seller’s account under the contract of
carriage;
c) unloading costs, unless such costs were for the seller’s account under the contract of carriage;
d) any additional costs incurred if it fails to give notice in accordance with B7, from the agreed date or the expiry date of the agreed period for dispatch, provided that the goods have been clearly identified as the contract goods;
e) where applicable, all duties, taxes and other charges as well as the costs of carrying out customs formalities payable upon import of the goods and the costs for their transport through any country, unless included within the cost of the contract of carriage; and
f) the costs of any additional insurance procured at the buyer’s request under A3 and B3.
B7 Notices to the seller
The buyer must, whenever it is entitled to determine the time for dispatching the goods and/or the named place of destination or the point of receiving the goods within that place, give the seller sufficient notice thereof.
A8 Delivery document
If customary or at the buyer’s request, the seller must provide the buyer, at the seller’s expense, with the usual transport document[s] for the transport contracted in accordance with A3.
This transport document must cover the contract goods and be dated within the period agreed for shipment. If agreed or customary, the document must also enable the buyer to claim the goods from the carrier at the named place of destination and enable the buyer to sell the goods in transit by the transfer of the document to a subsequent buyer or by notification to the carrier.
When such a transport document is issued in negotiable form and in several originals, a full set of originals must be presented to the buyer.
A9 Checking –packaging –marking
The seller must pay the costs of those checking operations (such as checking quality, measuring, weighing, counting) that are necessary for the purpose of delivering the goods in accordance
with A4 as well as the costs of any pre-shipment inspection mandated by the authority of the country of export.
The seller must, at its own expense, package the goods, unless it is usual for the particular trade to transport the type of goods sold unpackaged. The seller may package the goods in the
manner appropriate for their transport, unless the buyer has notified the seller of specific packaging requirements before the contract of sale is concluded. Packaging is to be marked
appropriately.
A10 Assistance with information and related costs
The seller must, where applicable, in a timely manner, provide to or render assistance in obtaining for the buyer, at the buyer’s request, risk and expense, any documents and information, including security-related
information, that the buyer needs for the import of the goods and/or for their transport to the final destination.
The seller must reimburse the buyer for all costs and charges incurred by the buyer in providing or rendering assistance in obtaining documents and information as envisaged in B10.
B8 Proof of delivery
The buyer must accept the transport document provided as envisaged in A8 if it is in conformity with the contract.
B9 Inspection of goods
The buyer must pay the costs of any mandatory pre-shipment inspection, except when such inspection is mandated by the authorities of the country of export.
B10 Assistance with information and related costs
The buyer must, in a timely manner, advise the seller of any security information requirements so that the seller may comply with A10. The buyer must reimburse the seller for all costs and charges incurred by the seller in providing or rendering assistance in obtaining documents and information as envisaged in A10.
The buyer must, where applicable, in a timely manner, provide to or render assistance in obtaining for the seller, at the seller’s request, risk and expense, any documents and information, including security-related information, that the seller needs for the transport and export of the goods and for their transport through any country.
DAT
DELIVERED AT TERMINAL
DAT (insert named terminal at port or place of destination)
Incoterms 2010
GUIDANCE NOTE
This rule may be used irrespective of the mode of transport selected and may also be used where more than one mode of transport is employed.
“Delivered at Terminal” means that the seller delivers when the goods, once unloaded from the arriving means of transport, are placed at the disposal of the buyer at a named terminal at the named port or place of destination. “Terminal” includes any place, whether covered or not, such
as a quay, warehouse, container yard or road, rail or air cargo terminal.
The seller bears all risks involved in bringing the goods to and unloading them at the terminal at the named port or place of destination. The parties are well advised to specify as clearly as possible the terminal and, if possible, a specific point within the terminal at the agreed port or place of destination, as the risks to that point are for the account of the seller. The seller is advised to procure a contract of carriage that matches this choice precisely.
Moreover, if the parties intend the seller to bear the risks and costs involved in transporting and handling the goods from the terminal to another place, then the DAP or DDP rules should be used.
DAT requires the seller to clear the goods for export, where applicable.
However, the seller has no obligation to clear the goods for import, pay any import duty or carry out any import customs formalities.
A THE SELLER’ OBLIGATIONS
A1 General obligations of the seller
The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity that may be required by the contract.
Any document referred to in A1-A10 may be an equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed between the parties or customary.
A2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances and other formalities Where applicable, the seller must obtain, at its own risk and expense, any export licence and other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities necessary for the export of the goods and for their transport through any country prior to delivery.
A3 Contracts of carriage and insurance
a) Contract of carriage
The seller must contract at its own expense for the carriage of the goods to the named terminal at the agreed port or place of destination. If a specific terminal is not agreed or is not determined by practice, the seller may select the terminal at the agreed port or place of destination that best suits its purpose.
b) Contract of insurance
The seller has no obligation to the buyer to make a contract of insurance. However, the seller must provide the buyer, at the buyer’s request, risk, and expense (if any), with information that
the buyer needs for obtaining insurance.
A4 Delivery
The seller must unload the goods from the arriving means of transport and must then deliver them by placing them at the disposal of the buyer at the named terminal referred to in A3 a)
at the port or place of destination on the agreed date or within the agreed period.
B THE BUYER’ OBLIGATIONS
B1 General obligations of the buyer
The buyer must pay the price of the goods as provided in the contract of sale.
Any document referred to in B1-B10 may be an equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed between the parties or customary.
B2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances and other formalities
Where applicable, the buyer must obtain, at its own risk and expense, any import licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities for the import of the goods.
B3 Contracts of carriage and insurance
a) Contract of carriage
The buyer has no obligation to the seller to make a contract of carriage.
b) Contract of insurance
The buyer has no obligation to the seller to make a contract of insurance. However, the buyer must provide the seller, upon request, with the necessary information for obtaining insurance.
B4 Taking delivery
The buyer must take delivery of the goods when they have been delivered as envisaged&nb,sp;in A4.
A5 Transfer of risks
The seller bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4 with the exception of loss or damage in the circumstances described in B5.
A6 Allocation of costs
The seller must pay
a) in addition to costs resulting from A3 a), all costs relating to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4, other than those payable by the buyer as envisaged in B6; and
b) where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon export and the costs for their transport through any country, prior to delivery in accordance with A4.
A7 Notices to the buyer
The seller must give the buyer any notice needed in order to allow the buyer to take measures that are normally necessary to enable the buyer to take delivery of the goods.
A8 Delivery document
The seller must provide the buyer, at the seller’s expense, with a document enabling the buyer to take delivery of the goods as envisaged in A4/B4.
B5 Transfer of risks
The buyer bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from the time they have been delivered as envisaged in A4.
If
a) the buyer fails to fulfill its obligations in accordance with B2, then it bears all resulting risks of loss of or damage to the goods;
or
b) the buyer fails to give notice in accordance with B7, then it bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from the agreed date or the expiry date of the agreed period for delivery, provided that the goods have been clearly identified as the contract goods.
B6 Allocation of costs
The buyer must pay
a) all costs relating to the goods from the time they have been delivered as envisaged in A4;
b) any additional costs incurred by the seller if the buyer fails to fulfill its obligations in accordance with B2, or to give notice in accordance with B7, provided that the goods have been clearly identified as the contract goods; and
c) where applicable, the costs of customs formalities as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon import of the goods.
B7 Notices to the seller
The buyer must, whenever it is entitled to determine the time within an agreed period and/or the point of taking delivery at the named terminal, give the seller sufficient notice thereof.
B8 Proof of delivery
The buyer must accept the delivery document provided as envisaged in A8.
A9 Checking –packaging –marking
The seller must pay the costs of those checking operations (such as checking quality, measuring, weighing, counting) that are necessary for the purpose of delivering the goods in accordance
with A4, as well as the costs of any pre-shipment inspection mandated by the authority of the country of export. The seller must, at its own expense, package the goods, unless it is usual for the particular trade to transport the type of goods sold unpackaged. The seller may package the goods in the manner appropriate for their transport, unless the buyer has notified the seller of specific packaging requirements before the contract of sale is concluded. Packaging is to be marked appropriately.
A10 Assistance with information and related costs
The seller must, where applicable, in a timely manner, provide to or render assistance in obtaining for the buyer, at the buyer’s request, risk and expense, any documents and information, including security-related information, that the buyer needs for the import of the goods and/or for their transport to the final destination.
The seller must reimburse the buyer for all costs and charges incurred by the buyer in providing or rendering assistance in obtaining documents and information as envisaged in B10.
B9 Inspection of goods
The buyer must pay the costs of any mandatory pre-shipment inspection, except when such inspection is mandated by the authorities of the country of export.
B10 Assistance with information and related costs The buyer must, in a timely manner, advise the seller of any security information requirements so that the seller may comply with A10.
The buyer must reimburse the seller for all costs and charges incurred by the seller in providing or rendering assistance in obtaining documents and information as envisaged in A10.
The buyer must, where applicable, in a timely manner, provide to or render assistance in obtaining for the seller, at the seller’s request, risk and expense, any documents and information,
including security-related information, that the seller needs for the transport and export of the goods and for their transport through any country.
DELIVERED AT PLACE
DAP (insert named place of destination) Incoterms 2010
GUIDANCE NOTE
This rule may be used irrespective of the mode of transport selected and may also be used where more than one mode of transport is employed. “Delivered at Place” means that the seller delivers when the goods are placed at the disposal of the buyer on the arriving means of transport ready for unloading at the named place of destination. The seller bears all risks involved in bringing the goods to the named place.
The parties are well advised to specify as clearly as possible the point within the agreed place of destination, as the risks to that point are for the account of the seller. The seller is advised to procure contracts of carriage that match this choice precisely. If the seller incurs costs under its contract of carriage related to unloading at the place of destination, the seller is not entitled to recover such costs from the buyer unless otherwise agreed between the parties.
DAP requires the seller to clear the goods for export, where applicable.
However, the seller has no obligation to clear the goods for import, pay any import duty or carry out any import customs formalities. If the parties wish the seller to clear the goods for import, pay any import duty and carry out any import customs formalities, the DDP term should be used.
A THE SELLER’ OBLIGATIONS
A1 General obligations of the seller
The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity that may be required by the contract.
Any document referred to in A1-A10 may be an equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed between the parties or customary.
A2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances and other formalities
Where applicable, the seller must obtain, at its own risk and expense, any export licence and other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities necessary for the export of the goods and for their transport through any country prior to delivery.
A3 Contracts of carriage and insurance
a) Contract of carriage
The seller must contract at its own expense for the carriage of the goods to the named place of destination or to the agreed point, if any, at the named place of destination. If a specific point is not agreed or is not determined by practice, the seller may select the point at the named place of destination that best suits its purpose.
b) Contract of insurance
The seller has no obligation to the buyer to make a contract of insurance. However, the seller must provide the buyer, at the buyer’s request, risk, and expense (if any), with information that
the buyer needs for obtaining insurance.
A4 Delivery
The seller must deliver the goods by placing them at the disposal of the buyer on the arriving means of transport ready for unloading at the agreed point, if any, at the named place of
destination on the agreed date or within the agreed period.
B THE BUYER’ OBLIGATIONS
B1 General obligations of the buyer
The buyer must pay the price of the goods as provided in the contract of sale.
Any document referred to in B1-B10 may be an equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed between the parties or customary.
B2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances and other formalities
Where applicable, the buyer must obtain, at its own risk and expense, any import licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities for the import of the goods.
B3 Contracts of carriage and insurance
a) Contract of carriage
The buyer has no obligation to the seller to make a contract of carriage.
b) Contract of insurance
The buyer has no obligation to the seller to make a contract of insurance. However, the buyer must provide the seller, upon request, with the necessary information for obtaining insurance.
B4 Taking delivery
The buyer must take delivery of the goods when they have been delivered as envisaged in A4.
A5 Transfer of risks
The seller bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4, with the exception of loss or damage in the circumstances described in B5.
A6 Allocation of costs
The seller must pay
a) in addition to costs resulting from A3 a), all costs relating to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4, other than those payable by the buyer as envisaged in B6;
b) any charges for unloading at the place of destination that were for the seller’s account under the contract of carriage; and
c) where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon export and the costs for their transport through any country, prior to delivery in accordance with A4.
A7 Notices to the buyer
The seller must give the buyer any notice needed in order to allow the buyer to take measures that are normally necessary to enable the buyer to take delivery of the goods.
A8 Delivery document
The seller must provide the buyer, at the seller’s expense, with a document enabling the buyer to take delivery of the goods as envisaged in A4/B4.
B5 Transfer of risks
The buyer bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from the time they have been delivered as envisaged in A4.
If
a) the buyer fails to fulfill its obligations in accordance with B2, then it bears all resulting risks of loss of or damage to the goods; or
b) the buyer fails to give notice in accordance with B7, then it bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from the agreed date or the expiry date of the agreed period for delivery, provided that the goods have been clearly identified as the contract goods.
B6 Allocation of costs
The buyer must pay
a) all costs relating to the goods from the time they have been delivered as envisaged in A4;
b) all costs of unloading necessary to take delivery of the goods from the arriving means of transport at the named place of destination, unless such costs were for the seller’s account under
the contract of carriage;
c) any additional costs incurred by the seller if the buyer fails to fulfill its obligations in accordance with B2 or to give notice in accordance with B7, provided that the goods have been clearly identified as the contract goods; and
d) where applicable, the costs of customs formalities, as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon import of the goods.
B7 Notices to the seller
The buyer must, whenever it is entitled to determine the time within an agreed period and/or the point of taking delivery within the named place of destination, give the seller sufficient notice thereof.
B8 Proof of delivery
The buyer must accept the delivery document provided as envisaged in A8.
A9 Checking –packaging –marking
The seller must pay the costs of those checking operations (such as checking quality, measuring, weighing, counting) that are necessary for the purpose of delivering the goods in accordance with A4, as well as the costs of any pre-shipment inspection mandated by the authority of the country of export. The seller must, at its own expense, package the goods, unless it is usual for the particular trade to transport the type of goods sold unpackaged. The seller may package the goods in the manner appropriate for their transport, unless the buyer has notified the seller of specific packaging requirements before the contract of sale is concluded. Packaging is to be marked appropriately.
A1,0 Assistance with information and related costs
The seller must, where applicable, in a timely manner, provide to or render assistance in obtaining for the buyer, at the buyer’s request, risk and expense, any documents and information, including security-related information, that the buyer needs for the import of the goods and/or for their transport to the final destination. The seller must reimburse the buyer for all costs and charges incurred by the buyer in providing or rendering assistance in obtaining documents and information as envisaged in B10.
B9 Inspection of goods
The buyer must pay the costs of any mandatory pre-shipment inspection, except when such inspection is mandated by the authorities of the country of export.
B10 Assistance with information and related costs
The buyer must, in a timely manner, advise the seller of any security information requirements so that the seller may comply with A10. The buyer must reimburse the seller for all costs and charges incurred by the seller in providing or rendering assistance in obtaining documents and information as envisaged in A10.
The buyer must, where applicable, in a timely manner, provide to or render assistance in obtaining for the seller, at the seller’s request, risk and expense, any documents and information, including security-related information, that the seller needs for the transport and export of the goods and for their transport through any country.
DELIVERED DUTY PAID
DDP (insert named place of destination) Incoterms 2010
GUIDANCE NOTE
This rule may be used irrespective of the mode of transport selected and may also be used where more than one mode of transport is employed. “Delivered Duty Paid” means that the seller delivers the goods when the goods are placed at the disposal of the buyer, cleared for import on the arriving means of transport ready for unloading at the named place of destination. The seller bears all the costs and risks involved in bringing the goods to the place of destination and has an obligation to clear the goods not only for export but also for import, to pay any duty for both export and import and to carry out all customs formalities.
DDP represents the maximum obligation for the seller. The parties are well advised to specify as clearly as possible the point within the agreed place of destination, as the costs and risks to that point are for the account of the seller. The seller is advised to procure contracts of carriage that match this choice precisely. If the seller incurs costs under its contract of carriage related to unloading at the place of destination, the seller is not entitled to recover such costs from the buyer unless otherwise agreed between the parties.
The parties are well advised not to use DDP if the seller is unable directly or indirectly to obtain import clearance.
If the parties wish the buyer to bear all risks and costs of import clearance, the DAP rule should be used.
Any VAT or other taxes payable upon import are for the seller’s account unless expressly agreed otherwise in the sales contract.
A THE SELLER’ OBLIGATIONS
A1 General obligations of the seller
The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity that may be required by the contract.
Any document referred to in A1-A10 may be an equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed between the parties or customary.
A2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances and other formalities
Where applicable, the seller must obtain, at its own risk and expense, any export and import licence and other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities necessary for
the export of the goods, for their transport through any country and for their import.
A3 Contracts of carriage and insurance
a) Contract of carriage
The seller must contract at its own expense for the carriage of the goods to the named place of destination or to the agreed point, if any, at the named place of destination. If a specific point is not agreed or is not determined by practice, the seller may select the point at the named place of destination that best suits its purpose.
b) Contract of insurance
The seller has no obligation to the buyer to make a contract of insurance. However, the seller must provide the buyer, at the buyer’s request, risk, and expense (if any), with information that the buyer needs for obtaining insurance.
A4 Delivery
The seller must deliver the goods by placing them at the disposal of the buyer on the arriving means of transport ready for unloading at the agreed point, if any, at the named place of destination on the agreed date or within the agreed period.
B THE BUYER’ OBLIGATIONS
B1 General obligations of the buyer
The buyer must pay the price of the goods as provided in the contract of sale.
Any document referred to in B1-B10 may be an equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed between the parties or customary.
B2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances and other formalities Where applicable, the buyer must provide assistance to the seller, at the seller’s request, risk and expense, in obtaining any import licence or other official authorization for the import of the goods.
B3 Contracts of carriage and insurance
a) Contract of carriage
The buyer has no obligation to the seller to make a contract of carriage.
b) Contract of insurance
The buyer has no obligation to the seller to make a contract of insurance. However, the buyer must provide the seller, upon request, with the necessary information for obtaining insurance.
B4 Taking delivery
The buyer must take delivery of the goods when they have been delivered as envisaged in A4.
A5 Transfer of risks
The seller bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4, with the exception of loss or damage in the circumstances described in B5.
A6 Allocation of costs The seller must pay
a) in addition to costs resulting from A3 a), all costs relating to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4, other than those payable by the buyer as envisaged in B6;
b) any charges for unloading at the place of destination that were
for the seller’s account under the contract of carriage; and
c) where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export and import as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon export and import of the goods, and the costs for their transport through any country prior to delivery in accordance with A4.
A7 Notices to the buyer
The seller must give the buyer any notice needed in order to allow the buyer to take measures that are normally necessary to enable the buyer to take delivery of the goods.
A8 Delivery document The seller must provide the buyer, at the seller’s expense, with a document enabling the buyer to take delivery of the goods as envisaged in A4/B4.
B5 Transfer of risks
The buyer bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from the time they have been delivered as envisaged in A4.
If
a) the buyer fails to fulfill its obligations in accordance with B2, then it bears all resulting risks of loss of or damage to the goods;
or
b) the buyer fails to give notice in accordance with B7, then it bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from the agreed date or the expiry date of the agreed period for delivery, provided that the goods have been clearly identified as the contract goods.
B6 Allocation of costs
The buyer must pay
a) all costs relating to the goods from the time they have been delivered as envisaged in A4;
b) all costs of unloading necessary to take delivery of the goods from the arriving means of transport at the named place of destination, unless such costs were for the seller’s account under
the contract of carriage; and
c) any additional costs incurred if it fails to fulfill its obligations in accordance with B2 or to give notice in accordance with B7, provided that the goods have been clearly identified as the contract goods.
B7 Notices to the seller
The buyer must, whenever it is entitled to determine the time within an agreed period and/or the point of taking delivery within the named place of destination, give the seller sufficient notice
thereof.
B8 Proof of delivery
The buyer must accept the proof of delivery provided as envisaged in A8.
A9 Checking –packaging –marking
The seller must pay the costs of those checking operations (such as checking quality, measuring, weighing, counting) that are necessary for the purpose of delivering the goods in accordance
with A4, as well as the costs of any pre-shipment inspection mandated by the authority of the country of export or of import.
The seller must, at its own expense, package the goods, unless it is usual for the particular trade to transport the type of goods sold unpackaged. The seller may package the goods in the manner
appropriate for their transport, unless the buyer has notified the seller of specific packaging requirements before the contract of sale is concluded. Packaging is to be marked appropriately.
A10 Assistance with information and related costs
The seller must, where applicable, in a timely manner, provide to or render assistance in obtaining for the buyer, at the buyer’s request, risk and expense, any documents and information, including security-related information, that the buyer needs for the transport of the goods to the final destination, where applicable, from the named place of destination.
The seller must reimburse the buyer for all costs and charges incurred by the buyer in providing or rendering assistance in obtaining documents and information as envisaged in B10.
B9 Inspection of goods
The buyer has no obligation to the seller to pay the costs of any mandatory pre-shipment inspection mandated by the authority of the country of export or of import.
B10 Assistance with information and related costs
The buyer must, in a timely manner, advise the seller of any security information requirements so that the seller may comply with A10. The buyer must reimburse the seller for all costs and charges incurred by the seller in providing or rendering assistance in obtaining documents and information as envisaged in A10. The buyer must, where applicable, in a timely manner, provide to or render assistance in obtaining for the seller, at the seller’s request, risk and expense, any documents and information, including security-related information, that the seller needs for the transport, export and import of the goods and for their transport through any country.
RULES FOR SEA AND IINLAND WATERWAY
TRANSPORT
FREE ALONGSIDE SHIP
FAS (insert named port of shipment) Incoterms 2010
GUIDANCE NOTE
This rule is to be used only for sea or inland waterway transport.
“Free Alongside Ship” means that the seller delivers when the goods are placed alongside the vessel (e.g., on a quay or a barge) nominated by the buyer at the named port of shipment. The risk of loss of or damage to the goods passes when the goods are alongside the ship, and the buyer bears all costs from that moment onwards. The parties are well advised to specify as clearly as possible the loading point at the named port of shipment, as the costs and risks to that point are for the account of the seller and these costs and associated handling charges may vary according to the practice of the port. The seller is required either to deliver the goods alongside the ship or to procure goods already so delivered for shipment. The reference to
“procure” here caters for multiple sales down a chain (‘string sales’), particularly common in the commodity trades.
Where the goods are in containers, it is typical for the seller to hand the goods over to the carrier at a terminal and not alongside the vessel. In such situations, the FAS rule would be inappropriate, and the FCA rule should be used. FAS requires the seller to clear the goods for export, where applicable. However, the seller has no obligation to clear the goods for import, pay any import duty or carry out any import customs formalities.
A THE SELLER’ OBLIGATIONS
A1 General obligations of the seller
The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity that may be required by the contract.
Any document referred to in A1-A10 may be an equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed between the parties or customary.
A2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances and other formalities
Where applicable, the seller must obtain, at its own risk and expense, any export licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities necessary for the export of the goods.
A3 Contracts of carriage and insurance
a) Contract of carriage
The seller has no obligation to the buyer to make a contract of carriage. However, if requested by the buyer or if it is commercial practice and the buyer does not&,nbsp;give an instruction to the contrary in due time, the seller may contract for carriage on usual terms at the buyer’s risk and expense. In either case, the seller may decline to make the contract of carriage and, if it does, shall promptly notify the buyer.
b) Contract of insurance
The seller has no obligation to the buyer to make a contract of insurance. However, the seller must provide the buyer, at the buyer’s request, risk, and expense (if any), with information that the buyer needs for obtaining insurance.
A4 Delivery
The seller must deliver the goods either by placing them alongside the ship nominated by the buyer at the loading point, if any, indicated by the buyer at the named port of shipment or by procuring the goods so delivered. In either case, the seller must deliver the goods on the agreed date or within the agreed period and in the manner customary at the port.
If no specific loading point has been indicated by the buyer, the seller may select the point within the named port of shipment that best suits its purpose. If the parties have agreed that delivery should take place within a period, the buyer has the option to choose the date within that period.
B THE BUYER’ OBLIGATIONS
B1 General obligations of the buyer
The buyer must pay the price of the goods as provided in the contract of sale.
Any document referred to in B1-B10 may be an equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed between the parties or customary.
.
B2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances and other formalities
Where applicable, it is up to the buyer to obtain, at its own risk and expense, any import licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities for the import of the goods and for their transport through any country.
B3 Contracts of carriage and insurance
a) Contract of carriage
The buyer must contract, at its own expense for the carriage of the goods from the named port of shipment, except where the contract of carriage is made by the seller as provided for in A3 a).
b) Contract of insurance
The buyer has no obligation to the seller to make a contract of insurance.
B4 Taking delivery
The buyer must take delivery of the goods when they have been delivered as envisaged in A4.
B5 Transfer of risks
The buyer bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from
A5 Transfer of risks
The seller bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4 with the exception of loss or damage in the circumstances described in B5.
A6 Allocation of costs
The seller must pay
a) all costs relating to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4, other than those payable by the buyer as envisaged in B6; and
b) where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon export.
A7 Notices to the buyer
The seller must, at the buyer’s risk and expense, give the buyer sufficient notice either that the goods have been delivered in accordance with A4 or that the vessel has failed to take the goods within the time agreed. the time they have been delivered as envisaged in A4.
If
a) the buyer fails to give notice in accordance with B7; or
b) the vessel nominated by the buyer fails to arrive on time, or fails to take the goods or closes for cargo earlier than the time notified in accordance with B7; then the buyer bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from the agreed date or the expiry date of the agreed period for
delivery, provided that the goods have been clearly identified as the contract goods.
B6 Allocation of costs
The buyer must pay
a) all costs relating to the goods from the time they have been delivered as envisaged in A4, except, where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export as well as all duties, taxes, and other charges payable upon export as referred to in A6 b);
b) any additional costs incurred, either because:
(i) the buyer has failed to give appropriate notice in accordance with B7, or
(ii) the vessel nominated by the buyer fails to arrive on time, is unable to take the goods, or closes for cargo earlier than the time notified in accordance with B7, provided that the goods have been clearly identified as the contract goods; and
c) where applicable, all duties, taxes and other charges, as well as the costs of carrying out customs formalities payable upon import of the goods and the costs for their transport through any country.
B7 Notices to the seller
The buyer must give the seller sufficient notice of the vessel name, loading point and, where necessary, the selected delivery time within the agreed period.
A8 Delivery document
The seller must provide the buyer, at the seller’s expense, with the usual proof that the goods have been delivered in accordance with A4.
Unless such proof is a transport document, the seller must provide assistance to the buyer, at the buyer’s request, risk and expense, in obtaining a transport document.
A9 Checking –packaging –marking
The seller must pay the costs of those checking operations (such as checking quality, measuring, weighing, counting) that are necessary for the purpose of delivering the goods in accordance with A4, as well as the costs of any pre-shipment inspection mandated by the authority of the country of export.
The seller must, at its own expense, package the goods, unless it is usual for the particular trade to transport the type of goods sold unpackaged. The seller may package the goods in the manner appropriate for their transport, unless the buyer has notified the seller of specific packaging requirements before the contract of sale is concluded. Packaging is to be marked appropriately.
A10 Assistance with information and related costs
The seller must, where applicable, in a timely manner, provide to or render assistance in obtaining for the buyer, at the buyer’s request, risk and expense, any documents and information, including security-related information, that the buyer needs for the import of the goods and/or for their transport to the final destination.
The seller must reimburse the buyer for all costs and charges incurred by the buyer in providing or rendering assistance in obtaining documents and information as envisaged in B10.
B8 Proof of delivery
The buyer must accept the proof of delivery provided as envisaged in A8.
B9 Inspection of goods
The buyer must pay the costs of any mandatory pre-shipment inspection, except when such inspection is mandated by the authorities of the country of export.
B10 Assistance with information and related costs
The buyer must, in a timely manner, advise the seller of any security information requirements so that the seller may comply with A10.
The buyer must reimburse the seller for all costs and charges incurred by the seller in providing or rendering assistance in obtaining documents and information as envisaged in A10.
The buyer must, where applicable, in a timely manner, provide to or render assistance in obtaining for the seller, at the seller’s request, risk and expense, any documents and information, including security-related information, that the seller needs for the transport and export of the goods and for their transport through any country.
FOB
FREE ON BOARD
FOB (insert named port of shipment) Incoterms 2010
GUIDANCE NOTE
This rule is to be used only for sea or inland waterway transport.
“Free on Board” means that the seller delivers the goods on board the vessel nominated by the buyer at the named port of shipment or procures the goods already so delivered. The risk of loss of or damage to the goods passes when the goods are on board the vessel, and the buyer bears all costs from that moment onwards.
The seller is required either to deliver the goods on board the vessel or to procure goods already so delivered for shipment. The reference to “procure” here caters for multiple sales down a chain (‘string sales’), particularly common in the commodity trades.
FOB may not be appropriate where goods are handed over to the carrier before they are on board the vessel, for example goods in containers, which are typically delivered at a terminal. In such situations, the FCA rule should be used.
FOB requires the seller to clear the goods for export, where applicable. However, the seller has no obligation to clear the goods for import, pay any import duty or carry out any import customs formalities.
A THE SELLER’ OBLIGATIONS
A1 General obligations of the seller
The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity that may be required by the contract.
Any document referred to in A1-A10 may be an equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed between the parties or customary.
A2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances and other formalities
Where applicable, the seller must obtain, at its own risk and expense, any export licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities necessary for the export of the goods.
A3 Contracts of carriage and insurance
a) Contract of carriage
The seller has no obligation to the buyer to make a contract of carriage. However, if requested by the buyer or if it is commercial practice and the buyer does not give an instruction to the
contrary in due time, the seller may contract for carriage on usual
terms at the buyer’s risk and expense. In either case, the seller may decline to make the contract of carriage and, if it does, shall promptly notify the buyer.
b) Contract of insurance
The seller has no obligation to the buyer to make a contract of insurance. However, the seller must provide the buyer, at the buyer’s request, risk, and expense (if any), with information that
the buyer needs for obtaining insurance.
A4 Delivery
The seller must deliver the goods either by placing them on board the vessel nominated by the buyer at the loading point, if any, indicated by the buyer at the named port of shipment or by procuring the goods so delivered. In either case, the seller must deliver the goods on the agreed date or within the agreed period and in the manner customary at the port.
If no specific loading point has been indicated by the buyer, the seller may select the point within the named port of shipment that best suits its purpose.
B THE BUYER’ OBLIGATIONS
B1 General obligations of the buyer
The buyer must pay the price of the goods as provided in the contract of sale.
Any document referred to in B1-B10 may be an equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed between the parties or customary.
B2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances and other formalities
Where applicable, it is up to the buyer to obtain, at its own risk and expense, any import licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities for the import of the goods and for their transport through any country.
B3 Contracts of carriage and insurance
a) Contract of carriage
The buyer must contract, at its own expense for the carriage of the goods from the named port of shipment, except where the contract of carriage is made by the seller as provided for in A3 a).
b) Contract of insurance
The buyer has no obligation to the seller to make a contract of insurance.
B4 Taking delivery
The buyer must take delivery of the goods when they have been delivered as envisaged in A4.
A5 Transfer of risks
The seller bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4 with the exception of loss or damage in the circumstances described in B5.
A6 Allocation of costs
The seller must pay
a) all costs relating to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4, other than those payable by the buyer as envisaged in B6; and
b) where applicable, t,he costs of customs formalities necessary for export, as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon export.
B5 Transfer of risks
The buyer bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from the time they have been delivered as envisaged in A4.
If
a) the buyer fails to notify the nomination of a vessel in accordance with B7; or
b) the vessel nominated by the buyer fails to arrive on time to enable the seller to comply with A4, is unable to take the goods, or closes for cargo earlier than the time notified in accordance
with B7; then, the buyer bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods:
(i) from the agreed date, or in the absence of an agreed date,
(ii) from the date notified by the seller under A7 within the agreed period, or, if no such date has been notified,
(iii) from the expiry date of any agreed period for delivery, provided that the goods have been clearly identified as the contract goods.
B6 Allocation of costs
The buyer must pay
a) all costs relating to the goods from the time they have been delivered as envisaged in A4, except, where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export, as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon export as referred to in A6 b);
b) any additional costs incurred, either because:
(i) the buyer has failed to give appropriate notice in accordance with B7, or
(ii) the vessel nominated by the buyer fails to arrive on time, is unable to take the goods, or closes for cargo earlier than the time notified in accordance with B7, provided that the goods have been clearly identified as the contract goods; and
c) where applicable, all duties, taxes and other charges, as well as the costs of carrying out customs formalities payable upon import of the goods and the costs for their transport through any country.
A7 Notices to the buyer
The seller must, at the buyer’s risk and expense, give the buyer sufficient notice either that the goods have been delivered in accordance with A4 or that the vessel has failed to take the goods within the time agreed.
A8 Delivery document
The seller must provide the buyer, at the seller’s expense, with the usual proof that the goods have been delivered in accordance with A4.
Unless such proof is a transport document, the seller must provide assistance to the buyer, at the buyer’s request, risk and expense, in obtaining a transport document.
A9 Checking –packaging –marking
The seller must pay the costs of those checking operations (such as checking quality, measuring, weighing, counting) that are necessary for the purpose of delivering the goods in accordance
with A4, as well as the costs of any pre-shipment inspection mandated by the authority of the country of export. The seller must, at its own expense, package the goods, unless it
is usual for the particular trade to transport the type of goods sold unpackaged. The seller may package the goods in the manner appropriate for their transport, unless the buyer has notified the seller of specific packaging requirements before the contract of sale is concluded. Packaging is to be marked appropriately.
A10 Assistance with information and related costs
The seller must, where applicable, in a timely manner, provide to or render assistance in obtaining for the buyer, at the buyer’s request, risk and expense, any documents and information, including security-related information, that the buyer needs for the import of the goods and/or for their transport to the final destination.
The seller must reimburse the buyer for all costs and charges incurred by the buyer in providing or rendering assistance in obtaining documents and information as envisaged in B10.
B7 Notices to the seller
The buyer must give the seller sufficient notice of the vessel name, loading point and, where necessary, the selected delivery time within the agreed period.
B8 Proof of delivery
The buyer must accept the proof of delivery provided as envisaged in A8.
B9 Inspection of goods
The buyer must pay the costs of any mandatory pre-shipment inspection, except when such inspection is mandated by the authorities of the country of export.
B10 Assistance with information and related costs
The buyer must, in a timely manner, advise the seller of any security information requirements so that the seller may comply with A10.
The buyer must reimburse the seller for all costs and charges incurred by the seller in providing or rendering assistance in obtaining documents and information as envisaged in A10.
The buyer must, where applicable, in a timely manner, provide to or render assistance in obtaining for the seller, at the seller’s request, risk and expense, any documents and information, including security-related information, that the seller needs for the transport and export of the goods and for their transport through any country.
COST AND FREIGHT
CFR (insert named port of destination) Incoterms 2010
GUIDANCE NOTE
This rule is to be used only for sea or inland waterway transport. “Cost and Freight” means that the seller delivers the goods on board the vessel or procures the goods already so delivered. The risk of loss of or damage to the goods passes when the goods are on board the vessel.
The seller must contract for and pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination. When CPT, CIP, CFR or CIF are used, the seller fulfils its obligation to
deliver when it hands the goods over to the carrier in the manner specified in the chosen rule and not when the goods reach the place of destination.
This rule has two critical points, because risk passes and costs are transferred at different places. While the contract will always specify a destination port, it might not specify the port of shipment, which is where risk passes to the buyer. If the shipment port is of particular interest to the buyer, the parties are well advised to identify it as precisely as possible in the contract.
The parties are well advised to identify as precisely as possible the point at the agreed port of destination, as the costs to that point are for the account of the seller. The seller is advised to procure contracts of carriage that match this choice precisely. If the seller incurs costs under its contract of carriage related to unloading at the specified point at the port of destination, the seller is not entitled to recover such costs from the buyer unless otherwise agreed between the parties.
The seller is required either to deliver the goods on board the vessel or to procure goods already so delivered for shipment to the destination.
In addition, the seller is required either to make a contract of carriage or to procure such a contract. The reference to “procure” here caters for multiple sales down a chain (‘string sales’), particularly common in the commodity trades.
CFR may not be appropriate where goods are handed over to the carrier before they are on board the vessel, for example goods in containers, which are typically delivered at a terminal. In such circumstances, the CPT rule should be used.
CFR requires the seller to clear the goods for export, where applicable. However, the seller has no obligation to clear the goods for import, pay any import duty or carry out any import customs formalities.
A THE SELLER’ OBLIGATIONS
A1 General obligations of the seller
The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity that may be required by the contract.
Any document referred to in A1-A10 may be an equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed between the parties or customary.
A2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances and other formalities
Where applicable, the seller must obtain, at its own risk and expense, any export licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities necessary for the export of the goods.
A3 Contracts of carriage and insurance
a) Contract of carriage
The seller must contract or procure a contract for the carriage of the goods from the agreed point of delivery, if any, at the place of delivery to the named port of destination or, if agreed, any point at that port. The contract of carriage must be made on usual terms at the seller’s expense and provide for carriage by the usual route in a vessel of the type normally used for the transport of the type of goods sold.
b) Contract of insurance
The seller has no obligation to the buyer to make a contract of insurance. However, the seller must provide the buyer, at the buyer’s request, risk, and expense (if any), with information that
the buyer needs for obtaining insurance.
A4 Delivery
The seller must deliver the goods either by placing them on board the vessel or by procuring the goods so delivered. In either case, the seller must deliver the goods on the agreed date or within the agreed period and in the manner customary at the port.
B THE BUYER’ OBLIGATIONS
B1 General obligations of the buyer
The buyer must pay the price of the goods as provided in the contract of sale.
Any document referred to in B1-B10 may be an equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed between the parties or customary.
B2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances and other formalities
Where applicable, it is up to the buyer to obtain, at its own risk and expense, any import licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities for the import of the goods and for their transport through any country.
B3 Contracts of carriage and insurance
a) Contract of carriage
The buyer has no obligation to the seller to make a contract of carriage.
b) Contract of insurance
The buyer has no obligation to the seller to make a contract of insurance. However, the buyer must provide the seller, upon request, with the necessary information for obtaining insurance.
B4 Taking delivery
The buyer must take delivery of the goods when they have been delivered as envisaged in A4 and receive them from the carrier at the named port of destination.
A5 Transfer of risks
The seller bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4, with the exception of loss or damage in the circumstances described in
B5.
A6 Allocation of costs
The seller must pay
a) all costs relating to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4, other than those payable by the buyer as envisaged in B6;
b) the freight and all other costs resulting from A3 a), including the costs of loading the goods on board and any charges for unloading at the agreed port of discharge that were for the seller’s account under the contract of carriage; and
c) where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon export, and the costs for their transport through any
country that were for the seller’s account under the contract of carriage.
A7 Notices to the buyer
The seller must give the buyer any notice needed in order to allow the buyer to take measures that are normally necessary to enable the buyer to take the goods.
B5 Transfer of risks
The buyer bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from the time they have been delivered as envisaged in A4. If the buyer fails to give notice in accordance with B7, then it bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from the agreed date or the expiry date of the agreed period for shipment, provided that the goods have been clearly identified as the contract goods.
B6 Allocation of costs
The buyer must, subject to the provisions of A3 a), pay
a) all costs relating to the goods from the time they have been delivered as envisaged in A4, except, where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export as well as all duties, taxes, and other charges payable upon export as referred to in A6 c);
b) all costs and charges relating to the goods while in transit until their arrival at the port of destination, unless such costs and charges were for the seller’s account under the contract of carriage;
c) unloading costs including lighterage and wharfage charges, unless such costs and charges were for the seller’s account under the contract of carriage;
d) any additional costs incurred if it fails to give notice in accordance with B7, from the agreed date or the expiry date of the agreed period for shipment, provided that the goods have been clearly identified as the contract goods; and
e) where applicable, all duties, taxes and other charges, as well as the costs of carrying out customs formalities payable upon import of the goods and the costs for their transport through any country unless included within the cost of the contract of carriage.
B7 Notices to the seller
The buyer must, whenever it is entitled to determine the time for shipping the goods and/or the point of receiving the goods within the named port of destination, give the seller sufficient notice thereof.
A8 Delivery document
The seller must, at its own expense, provide the buyer without delay with the usual transport document for the agreed port of destination.
This transport document must cover the contract goods, be dated within the period agreed for shipment, enable the buyer to claim the goods from the carrier at the port of destination and, unless otherwise
agreed, enable the buyer to sell the goods in transit by the transfer of the document to a subsequent buyer or by notification to the carrier.
When such a transport document is issued in negotiable form and in several originals, a full set of originals must be presented to the buyer.
A9 Checking –packaging –marking
The seller must pay the costs of those checking operations (such as checking quality, measuring, weighing, counting) that are necessary for the purpose of delivering the goods in accordance with
A4, as well as the costs of any pre-shipment inspection mandated by the authority of the country of export. The seller must, at its own expense, package the goods, unless it is usual for the particular trade to transport the type of goods sold unpackaged. The seller may package the goods in the manner appropriate for their transport, unless the buyer has notified the seller of specific packaging requirements before the contract of sale is concluded. Packaging is to be marked appropriately.
A10 Assistance with information and related costs
The seller must, where applicable, in a timely manner, provide to or render assistance in obtaining for the buyer, at the buyer’s request, risk and expense, any documents and information, including security-related information, that the buyer needs for the import of the goods and/or for their transport to the final destination.
The seller must reimburse the buyer for all costs and charges incurred by the buyer in providing or rendering assistance in obtaining documents and information as envisaged in B10.
B8 Proof of delivery
The buyer must accept the transport document provided as envisaged in A8 if it is in conformity with the contract.
B9 Inspection of goods
The buyer must pay the costs of any mandatory pre-shipment inspection, except when such inspection is mandated by the authorities of the country of export.
B10 Assistance with information and related costs
The buyer must, in a timely manner, advise the seller of any security information requirements so that the seller may comply with A10.
The buyer must reimburse the seller for all costs and charges incurred by the seller in providing or rendering assistance in obtaining documents and information as envisaged in A10.
The buyer must, where applicable, in a timely manner, provide to or render assistance in obtaining for the seller, at the seller’s request, risk and expense, any documents and information, including security-related information, that the seller needs for the transport and export of the goods and for their transport through any country.
COST INSURANCE AND FREIGHT
CIF (insert named port of destination) Incoterms 2010
GUIDANCE NOTE
This rule is to be used only for sea or inland waterway transport.
“Cost, Insurance and Freight” means that the seller delivers the goods on board the vessel or procures the goods already so delivered. The risk of loss of or damage to the goods passes when the goods are on board the vessel. The seller must contract for and pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination.
The seller also contracts for insurance cover against the buyer’s risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the carriage. The buyer should note that under CIF the seller is required to obtain insurance only on minimum cover. Should the buyer wish to have more insurance protection, it will need either to agree as much expressly with the seller or to make its own extra insurance arrangements.
When CPT, CIP, CFR, or CIF are used, the seller fulfils its obligation to deliver when it hands the goods over to the carrier in the manner specified in the chosen rule and not when the goods reach the place of destination.
This rule has two critical points, because risk passes and costs are transferred at different places. While the contract will always specify a destination port, it might not specify the port of shipment, which is where risk passes to the buyer. If the shipment port is of particular interest to the buyer, the parties are well advised to identify it as precisely as possible in the contract.
The parties are well advised to identify as precisely as possible the point at the agreed port of destination, as the costs to that point are for the account of the seller. The seller is advised to procure contracts of carriage that match this choice precisely. If the seller incurs costs under its contract of carriage related to unloading at the specified point at the port of destination, the seller is not entitled to recover such costs from the buyer unless otherwise agreed between the parties.
The seller is required either to deliver the goods on board the vessel or to procure goods already so delivered for shipment to the destination. In addition the seller is required either to make a contract of carriage or to procure such a contract. The reference to “procure” here caters for multiple sales down a chain (‘string sales’), particularly common in the commodity trades.
CIF may not be appropriate where goods are handed over to the carrier before they are on board the vessel, for example goods in containers, which are typically delivered at a terminal. In such circumstances, the CIP rule should be used. CIF requires the seller to clear the goods for export, where applicable. However, the seller has no obligation to clear the goods for import, pay any import duty or carry out any import customs formalities.
A THE SELLER’ OBLIGATIONS
A1 General obligations of the seller
The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity that may be required by the contract.
Any document referred to in A1-A10 may be an equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed between the parties or customary.
A2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances and other formalities
Where applicable, the seller must obtain, at its own risk and expense, any export licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities necessary for the export of the goods.
B THE BUYER’ OBLIGATIONS
B1 General obligations of the buyer
The buyer must pay the price of the goods as provided in the contract of sale.
Any document referred to in B1-B10 may be an equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed between the parties or customary.
B2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances and formalities
Where applicable, it is up to the buyer to obtain, at its own risk and expense, any import licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities for the import of the goods and for their transport through any country.
A3 Contracts of carriage and insurance
a) Contract of carriage
The seller must contract or procure a contract for the carriage of the goods from the agreed point of delivery, if any, at the place of delivery to the named port of destination or, if agreed, any point at that port. The contract of carriage must be made on usual
terms at the seller’s expense and provide for carriage by the usual route in a vessel of the type normally used for the transport of the type of goods sold.
b) Contract of insurance
The seller must obtain, at its own expense, cargo insurance complying at least with the minimum cover provided by Clauses
(C) of the Institute Cargo Clauses (LMA/IUA) or any similar clauses. The insurance shall be contracted with underwriters or an insurance company of good repute and entitle the buyer, or any other person having an insurable interest in the goods, to claim directly from the insurer.
When required by the buyer, the seller shall, subject to the buyer providing any necessary information requested by the seller, provide at the buyer’s expense any additional cover, if procurable, such as cover as provided by Clauses (A) or (B) of the
Institute Cargo Clauses (LMA/IUA) or any similar clauses and/or cover complying with the Institute War Clauses and/or Institute Strikes Clauses (LMA/IUA) or any similar clauses.
The insurance shall cover, at a minimum, the price provided in the contract plus 10% (i.e., 110%) and shall be in the currency of the contract.
The insurance shall cover the goods from the point of delivery set out in A4 and A5 to at least the named port of destination. The seller must provide the buyer with the insurance policy or other evidence of insurance cover. Moreover, the seller must provide the buyer, at the buyer’s request, risk, and expense (if any), with information that the buyer needs to procure any additional insurance.
A4 Delivery
The seller must deliver the goods either by placing them on board the vessel or by procuring the goods so delivered. In either case, the seller must deliver the goods on the agreed date or within the agreed period and in the manner customary at the port.
B3 Contracts of carriage and insurance
a) Contract of carriage
The buyer has no obligation to the seller to make a contract of carriage.
b) Contract of insurance
The buyer has no obligation to the seller to make a contract of insurance. However, the buyer must provide the seller, upon request, with any information necessary for the seller to procure any additional insurance requested by the buyer as envisaged in A3 b).
B4 Taking delivery
The buyer must take delivery of the goods when they have been delivered as envisaged in A4 and receive them from the carrier at the named port of destination.
A5 Transfer of risks
The seller bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4, with the exception of loss or damage in the circumstances described in
B5.
A6 Allocation of costs
The seller must pay
a) all costs relating to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4, other than those payable by the buyer as envisaged in B6;
b) the freight and all other costs resulting from A3 a), including the costs of loading the goods on board and any charges for unloading at the agreed port of discharge that were for the seller’s account under the contract of carriage;
c) the costs of insurance resulting from A3 b); and
d) where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export, as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon export, and the costs for their transport through any country that were for the seller’s account under the contract of carriage.
B5 Transfer of risks
The buyer bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from the time they have been delivered as envisaged in A4.
If the buyer fails to give notice in accordance with B7, then it bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from the agreed date or the expiry date of the agreed period for shipment, provided that the goods have been clearly identified as the contract goods.
B6 Allocation of costs
The buyer must, subject to the provisions of A3 a), pay
a) all costs relating to the goods from the time they have been delivered as envisaged in A4, except, where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export, as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon export as referred to in A6 d);
b) all costs and charges relating to the goods while in transit until their arrival at the port of destination, unless such costs and charges were for the seller’s account under the contract of carriage;
c) unloading costs including lighterage and wharfage charges, unless such costs and charges were for the seller’s account under the contract of carriage;
d) any additional costs incurred if it fails to give notice in accordance with B7, from the agreed date or the expiry date of the agreed period for shipment, provided that the goods have been clearly identified as the contract goods;
e) where applicable, all duties, taxes and other charges, as well as the costs of carrying out customs formalities payable upon import of the goods and the costs for their transport through any country, unless included within the cost of the contract of carriage; and
f) the costs of any additional insurance procured at the buyer’s request under A3 b) and B3 b).
A7 Notices to the buyer
The seller must give the buyer any notice needed in order to allow the buyer to take measures that are normally necessary to enable the buyer to take the goods.
A8 Delivery document
The seller must, at its own expense provide the buyer without delay with the usual transport document for the agreed port of destination.
This transport document must cover the contract goods, be dated within the period agreed for shipment, enable the buyer to claim the goods from the carrier at the port of destination and, unless otherwise agreed, enable the buyer to sell the goods in transit by the transfer of the document to a subsequent buyer or by notification to the carrier.
When such a transport document is issued in negotiable form and in several originals, a full set of originals must be presented
to the buyer.
A9 Checking –packaging –marking
The seller must pay the costs of those checking operations (such as checking quality, mea,suring, weighing, counting) that are necessary for the purpose of delivering the goods in accordance with A4, as well as the costs of any pre-shipment inspection mandated by the authority of the country of export.
The seller must, at its own expense, package the goods, unless it is usual for the particular trade to transport the type of goods sold unpackaged. The seller may package the goods in the manner appropriate for their transport, unless the buyer has notified the seller of specific packaging requirements before the contract of sale is concluded. Packaging is to be marked appropriately.
B7 Notices to the seller
The buyer must, whenever it is entitled to determine the time for shipping the goods and/or the point of receiving the goods within the named port of destination, give the seller sufficient notice thereof.
B8 Proof of delivery
The buyer must accept the transport document provided as envisaged in A8 if it is in conformity with the contract.
B9 Inspection of goods
The buyer must pay the costs of any mandatory pre-shipment inspection, except when such inspection is mandated by the authorities of the country of export.
A10 Assistance with information and related costs
The seller must, where applicable, in a timely manner, provide to or render assistance in obtaining for the buyer, at the buyer’s request, risk and expense, any documents and information, including security-related information, that the buyer needs for the import of the goods and/or for their transport to the final destination.
The seller must reimburse the buyer for all costs and charges incurred by the buyer in providing or rendering assistance in obtaining documents and information as envisaged in B10.
B10 Assistance with information and related costs
The buyer must, in a timely manner, advise the seller of any security information requirements so that the seller may comply with A10.
The buyer must reimburse the seller for all costs and charges incurred by the seller in providing or rendering assistance in obtaining documents and information as envisaged in A10.
The buyer must, where applicable, in a timely manner, provide to or render assistance in obtaining for the seller, at the seller’s request, risk and expense, any documents and information, including security-related information, that the seller needs for the transport and export of the goods and for their transport through any country.
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