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國(guó)際條約慣例  
關(guān)稅與貿(mào)易總協(xié)定
作者:趙麗娜律師發(fā)布   出處:法律顧問(wèn)網(wǎng)·涉外coinwram.com     時(shí)間:2011/3/29 14:00:00

The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

關(guān)稅與貿(mào)易總協(xié)定

Signatory: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
Date of Signature: 10/30/1947
Validity Status: Valid
締約方: 關(guān)貿(mào)總協(xié)定
締約時(shí)間: 10/30/1947
效力狀態(tài): 有效

Text

正文

The Governments of the Commonwealth of Australia, the Kingdom of Belgium, the United States of Brazil, Burma, Canada, Ceylon, the Republic of Chile, the Republic of China, the Republic of Cuba, the Czechoslovak Republic, the French Republic, India, Lebanon, the Grand-Duchy of Luxemburg, the Kingdom of the Netherlands, New Zealand, the Kingdom of Norway, Pakistan, Southern Rhodesia, Syria, the Union of South Africa, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the United States of America:
Recognizing that their relations in the field of trade and economic endeavour should be conducted with a view to raising standards of living, ensuring full employment and a large and steadily growing volume of real income and effective demand, developing the full use of the resources of the world and expanding the production and exchange of goods,
Being desirous of contributing to these objectives by entering into reciprocal and mutually advantageous arrangements directed to the substantial reduction of tariffs and other barriers to trade and to the elimination of discriminatory treatment in international commerce,
Have through their Representatives agreed as follows:
    締約各國(guó)政府,
    認(rèn)為在處理它們的貿(mào)易和經(jīng)濟(jì)事業(yè)的關(guān)系方面,應(yīng)以提高生活水平、保證充分就業(yè)、保證實(shí)際收入和有效需求的巨大持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)、擴(kuò)大世界資源的充分利用以及發(fā)展商品的生產(chǎn)與交換為目的。
    切望達(dá)成互惠互利協(xié)議,導(dǎo)致大幅度地削減關(guān)稅和其它貿(mào)易障礙,取消國(guó)際貿(mào)易中的歧視待遇,以對(duì)上述目的作出貢獻(xiàn)。
    經(jīng)各國(guó)代表談判達(dá)成如下協(xié)議:
PART I
    第一部分
Article I    General Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment
1. With respect to customs duties and charges of any kind imposed on or in connection with importation or exportation or imposed on the international transfer of payments for imports or exports, and with respect to the method of levying such duties and charges, and with respect to all rules and formalities in connection with importation and exportation, and with respect to all matters referred to in paragraphs 2 and 4 of Article III,* any advantage, favour, privilege or immunity granted by any contracting party to any product originating in or destined for any other country shall be accorded immediately and unconditionally to the like product originating in or destined for the territories of all other contracting parties.
2. The provisions of paragraph 1 of this Article shall not require the elimination of any preferences in respect of import duties or charges which do not exceed the levels provided for in paragraph 4 of this Article and which fall within the following descriptions:
(a) Preferences in force exclusively between two or more of the territories listed in Annex A, subject to the conditions set forth therein; 
(b) Preferences in force exclusively between two or more territories which on July 1, 1939, were connected by common sovereignty or relations of protection or suzerainty and which are listed in Annexes B, C and D, subject to the conditions set forth therein;
(c) Preferences in force exclusively between the United States of America and the Republic of Cuba;
(d) Preferences in force exclusively between neighbouring countries listed in Annexes E and F.
3. The provisions of paragraph 1 shall not apply to preferences between the countries formerly a part of the Ottoman Empire and detached from it on July 24, 1923, provided such preferences are approved under paragraph 5 , of Article XXV which shall be applied in this respect in the light of paragraph 1 of Article XXIX.
4. The margin of preference* on any product in respect of which a preference is permitted under paragraph 2 of this Article but is not specifically set forth as a maximum margin of preference in the appropriate Schedule annexed to this Agreement shall not exceed:
(a) in respect of duties or charges on any product described in such Schedule, the difference between the most-favoured-nation and preferential rates provided for therein;  if no preferential rate is provided for, the preferential rate shall for the purposes of this paragraph be taken to be that in force on April 10, 1947, and, if no most-favoured-nation rate is provided for, the margin shall not exceed the difference between the most-favoured-nation and preferential rates existing on April 10, 1947;
(b) in respect of duties or charges on any product not described in the appropriate Schedule, the difference between the most-favoured-nation and preferential rates existing on April 10, 1947.
In the case of the contracting parties named in Annex G, the date of April 10, 1947, referred to in subparagraph (a) and (b) of this paragraph shall be replaced by the respective dates set forth in that Annex.
    第一條  一般最惠國(guó)待遇
    1.在對(duì)輸出或輸入、有關(guān)輸出或輸入及輸出入貨物的國(guó)際支付轉(zhuǎn)帳所征收的關(guān)稅和費(fèi)用方面,在征收上述關(guān)稅和費(fèi)用的方法方面,在輸出和輸入的規(guī)章手續(xù)方面,以及在本協(xié)定第三條第2款及第4款所述事項(xiàng)方面,一締約國(guó)對(duì)來(lái)自或運(yùn)往其它國(guó)家的產(chǎn)品所給予的利益、優(yōu)待、特權(quán)或豁免,應(yīng)當(dāng)立即無(wú)條件地給予來(lái)自或運(yùn)往所有其它締約國(guó)的相同產(chǎn)品。
    注指有注釋和補(bǔ)充規(guī)定,見(jiàn)附件九。以下同。
    2.任何有關(guān)進(jìn)口關(guān)稅或費(fèi)用的優(yōu)惠待遇,如不超過(guò)本條第4款規(guī)定的水平,而且在下列范圍以內(nèi),不必按本條第1款的規(guī)定予以取消:
    (甲)本協(xié)定附件一所列兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的領(lǐng)土之間專(zhuān)享的現(xiàn)行優(yōu)惠待遇,但以不違反這個(gè)附件所訂的條件為限;
    (乙)本協(xié)定附件二、附件三和附件四所列已于1939年7月1日以共同主權(quán)、保護(hù)關(guān)系或宗主權(quán)互相結(jié)合的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的領(lǐng)土之間專(zhuān)享的現(xiàn)行優(yōu)惠待遇,但以不違反這些附件所訂的條件為限;
    (丙)美利堅(jiān)合眾國(guó)和古巴共和國(guó)之間專(zhuān)享的現(xiàn)行優(yōu)惠待遇;
    (丁)本協(xié)定附件五和附件六所列的毗鄰國(guó)家之間專(zhuān)享的現(xiàn)行優(yōu)惠待遇。
    3.原屬于奧托曼帝國(guó)后于1923年7月24日分離出來(lái)的國(guó)家之間實(shí)施的優(yōu)惠待遇,如能按本協(xié)定第二十五條第5款的規(guī)定予以批準(zhǔn),應(yīng)不受本條第1款規(guī)定的約束。對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題運(yùn)用本協(xié)定第二十五條第5款,應(yīng)參考本協(xié)定第二十九條第1款。
    4.按本條第2款可以享受優(yōu)惠待遇的任何產(chǎn)品,如在有關(guān)減讓表中未特別規(guī)定所享受的優(yōu)惠就是優(yōu)惠最高差額,則應(yīng)按以下規(guī)定辦理:
    (甲)對(duì)有關(guān)減讓表內(nèi)列明的任何產(chǎn)品的關(guān)稅和費(fèi)用,這一產(chǎn)品的優(yōu)惠差額應(yīng)不超過(guò)表列的最惠國(guó)稅率與優(yōu)惠稅率的差額;表中對(duì)優(yōu)惠稅率若未作規(guī)定,應(yīng)以1947年4月10日有效實(shí)施的優(yōu)惠稅率作為本條所稱(chēng)的優(yōu)惠稅率;
    表中對(duì)最惠國(guó)稅率若未作規(guī)定,其差額應(yīng)不超過(guò)1947年4月10日所實(shí)施的最惠國(guó)稅率與優(yōu)惠稅率的差額;
    (乙)對(duì)有關(guān)減讓表內(nèi)未列明的任何產(chǎn)品的關(guān)稅和費(fèi)用,這一產(chǎn)品的優(yōu)惠差額應(yīng)不超過(guò)1947年4月10日所實(shí)施的最惠國(guó)稅率與優(yōu)惠稅率的差額。
    對(duì)于本協(xié)定附件七所列的各締約國(guó)、本款(甲)項(xiàng)及(乙)項(xiàng)所稱(chēng)1947年4月10日的日期,應(yīng)分別以這個(gè)附件所列的日期代替。
Article II    Schedules of Concessions
1. (a) Each contracting party shall accord to the commerce of the other contracting parties treatment no less favourable than that provided for in the appropriate Part of the appropriate Schedule annexed to this Agreement.
(b) The products described in Part I of the Schedule relating to any contracting party, which are the products of territories of other contracting parties, shall, on their importation into the territory to which the Schedule relates, and subject to the terms, conditions or qualifications set forth in that Schedule, be exempt from ordinary customs duties in excess of those set forth and provided therein.   Such products shall also be exempt from all other duties or charges of any kind imposed on or in connection with the importation in excess of those imposed on the date of this Agreement or those directly and mandatorily required to be imposed thereafter by legislation in force in the importing territory on that date.
(c) The products described in Part II of the Schedule relating to any contracting party which are the products of territories entitled under Article I to receive preferential treatment upon importation into the territory to which the Schedule relates shall, on their importation into such territory, and subject to the terms, conditions or qualifications set forth in that Schedule, be exempt from ordinary customs duties in excess of those set forth and provided for in Part II of that Schedule.  Such products shall also be exempt from all other duties or charges of any kind imposed on or in connection with importation in excess of those imposed on the date of this Agreement or those directly or mandatorily required to be imposed thereafter by legislation in force in the importing territory on that date.  Nothing in this Article shall prevent any contracting party from maintaining its requirements existing on the date of this Agreement as to the eligibility of goods for entry at preferential rates of duty.
2. Nothing in this Article shall prevent any contracting party from imposing at any time on the importation of any product:
(a) a charge equivalent to an internal tax imposed consistently with the provisions of paragraph 2 of Article III* in respect of the like domestic product or in respect of an article from which the imported product has been manufactured or produced in whole or in part;
(b) any anti-dumping or countervailing duty applied consistently with the provisions of Article VI;*
(c) fees or other charges commensurate with the cost of services rendered.
3. No contracting party shall alter its method of determining dutiable value or of converting currencies so as to impair the value of any of the concessions provided for in the appropriate Schedule annexed to this Agreement.
4. If any contracting party establishes, maintains or authorizes, formally or in effect, a monopoly of the importation of any product described in the appropriate Schedule annexed to this Agreement, such monopoly shall not, except as provided for in that Schedule or as otherwise agreed between the parties which initially negotiated the concession, operate so as to afford protection on the average in excess of the amount of protection provided for in that Schedule.  The provisions of this paragraph shall not limit the use by contracting parties of any form of assistance to domestic producers permitted by other provisions of this Agreement.*
5. If any contracting party considers that a product is not receiving from another contracting party the treatment which the first contracting party believes to have been contemplated by a concession provided for in the appropriate Schedule annexed to this Agreement, it shall bring the matter directly to the attention of the other contracting party.  If the latter agrees that the treatment contemplated was that claimed by the first contracting party, but declares that such treatment cannot be accorded because a court or other proper authority has ruled to the effect that the product involved cannot be classified under the tariff laws of such contracting party so as to permit the treatment contemplated in this Agreement, the two contracting parties, together with any other contracting parties substantially interested, shall enter promptly into further negotiations with a view to a compensatory adjustment of the matter.
6. (a) The specific duties and charges included in the Schedules relating to contracting parties members of the International Monetary Fund, and margins of preference in specific duties and charges maintained by such contracting parties, are expressed in the appropriate currency at the par value accepted or provisionally recognized by the Fund at the date of this Agreement.  Accordingly, in case this par value is reduced consistently with the Articles of Agreement of the International Monetary Fund by more than twenty per centum, such specific duties and charges and margins of preference may be adjusted to take account of such reduction;  provided that the CONTRACTING PARTIES (i.e., the contracting parties acting jointly as provided for in Article XXV) concur that such adjustments will not impair the value of the concessions provided for in the appropriate Schedule or elsewhere in this Agreement, due account being taken of all factors which may influence the need for, or urgency of, such adjustments.
(b) Similar provisions shall apply to any contracting party not a member of the Fund, as from the date on which such contracting party becomes a member of the Fund or enters into a special exchange agreement in pursuance of Article XV.
7. The Schedules annexed to this Agreement are hereby made an integral part of Part I of this Agreement.
    第二條  減讓表
    1.(甲)一締約國(guó)對(duì)其它締約國(guó)貿(mào)易所給的待遇,不得低于本協(xié)定所附這一締約國(guó)的有關(guān)減讓表中有關(guān)部分所列的待遇。
    (乙)一締約國(guó)領(lǐng)土的產(chǎn)品如在另一締約國(guó)減讓表的第一部分內(nèi)列名,當(dāng)這種產(chǎn)品輸入到這一減讓表所適用的領(lǐng)土?xí)r,應(yīng)依照減讓表的規(guī)定、條件或限制,對(duì)它免征超過(guò)減讓表所列的普通關(guān)稅。對(duì)這種產(chǎn)品,也應(yīng)免征超過(guò)于本協(xié)定簽訂之日對(duì)輸入或有關(guān)輸入所征收的任何其它稅費(fèi),或免征超過(guò)于本協(xié)定簽訂之日進(jìn)口領(lǐng)土內(nèi)現(xiàn)行法律規(guī)定以后要直接或授權(quán)征收的任何其它稅費(fèi)。
    (丙)一締約國(guó)領(lǐng)土的產(chǎn)品如在另一締約國(guó)減讓表的第二部分內(nèi)列名,當(dāng)這種產(chǎn)品輸入到這一減讓表所適用的領(lǐng)土,按照本協(xié)定第一條可以享受優(yōu)惠待遇時(shí),應(yīng)依照減讓表的規(guī)定、條件或限制,對(duì)它免征超過(guò)減讓表所列的普通關(guān)稅。對(duì)這種產(chǎn)品,也應(yīng)免征超過(guò)于本協(xié)定簽訂之日對(duì)輸入或有關(guān)輸入所征收的任何其它稅費(fèi),或免征超過(guò)于本協(xié)定簽訂之日進(jìn)口領(lǐng)土內(nèi)現(xiàn)行法律規(guī)定以后要直接或授權(quán)征收的任何其它稅費(fèi)。但本條的規(guī)定并不妨礙締約國(guó)維持在本協(xié)定簽訂的關(guān)于何種貨物可按優(yōu)惠稅率進(jìn)口的已有規(guī)定。
    2.本條不妨礙締約國(guó)對(duì)于任何輸入產(chǎn)品隨時(shí)征收下列稅費(fèi):
    (甲)與相同國(guó)產(chǎn)品或這一輸入產(chǎn)品賴(lài)以全部或部分制造或生產(chǎn)的物品按本協(xié)定第三條第2款所征收的國(guó)內(nèi)稅相當(dāng)?shù)馁M(fèi)用;
    (乙)按本協(xié)定第六條征收的反傾銷(xiāo)稅或反貼補(bǔ)稅;
    (丙)相當(dāng)于提供服務(wù)成本的規(guī)費(fèi)或其它費(fèi)用。
    3.締約國(guó)不得變更完稅價(jià)格的審定或貨幣的折合方法,以損害本協(xié)定所附這一締約國(guó)的有關(guān)減讓表所列的任何減讓的價(jià)值。
    4.當(dāng)締約國(guó)在形式上或事實(shí)上對(duì)本協(xié)定有關(guān)減讓表列名的某種產(chǎn)品的進(jìn)口建立、維持或授權(quán)實(shí)施某種壟斷時(shí),這種壟斷平均提供的保護(hù),除減讓表內(nèi)有規(guī)定或經(jīng)原談判減讓的各締約國(guó)另有議定的以外,不得超過(guò)有關(guān)減讓表所列的保護(hù)水平。但本條的規(guī)定,并不限制締約國(guó)根據(jù)本協(xié)定的其它規(guī)定,向本國(guó)生產(chǎn)者提供任何形式的援助。
    5.如果一締約國(guó)相信某一產(chǎn)品應(yīng)享受的待遇在本協(xié)定所附另一締約國(guó)的減讓表所訂的減讓中已有規(guī)定,并認(rèn)為另一締約國(guó)未給予此種待遇時(shí),這一締約國(guó)可以直接提請(qǐng)另一締約國(guó)注意這一問(wèn)題。后一締約國(guó)如同意減讓表所規(guī)定的待遇確系對(duì)方所要求的待遇,但聲明:由于本國(guó)法院或其它有關(guān)當(dāng)局的決定,按照本國(guó)稅法有關(guān)產(chǎn)品不能歸入可以享受減讓表的應(yīng)有待遇的一類(lèi),因而不能給予這項(xiàng)待遇時(shí),則這兩個(gè)締約國(guó),連同其它有實(shí)質(zhì)利害關(guān)系的締約國(guó),應(yīng)立即進(jìn)一步進(jìn)行協(xié)商,以便對(duì)這一問(wèn)題達(dá)成補(bǔ)償性的調(diào)整辦法。
    6.(甲)締約國(guó)若是國(guó)際貨幣基金的成員國(guó),其減讓表所列的從量關(guān)稅和費(fèi)用以及其維持的從量關(guān)稅和費(fèi)用的優(yōu)惠差額,系以這一國(guó)家的貨幣按照國(guó)際貨幣基金在本協(xié)定簽訂之日所接受或臨時(shí)認(rèn)可的平價(jià)表示。因此,當(dāng)這項(xiàng)平價(jià)按國(guó)際貨幣基金協(xié)定的規(guī)定降低達(dá)20%時(shí),上述從量關(guān)稅和費(fèi)用以及優(yōu)惠差額可根據(jù)平價(jià)的降低作必要的調(diào)整;但須經(jīng)締約國(guó)全體(指按本協(xié)定第二十五條采取聯(lián)合行動(dòng)的締約各國(guó))同意這種調(diào)整不致?lián)p害本協(xié)定有關(guān)減讓表及本協(xié)定其它部分所列減讓的價(jià)值,而對(duì)于與調(diào)整的必要性和緊迫性有關(guān)的一切因素,都應(yīng)予以適當(dāng)考慮。
    (乙)對(duì)于不是國(guó)際貨幣基金成員國(guó)的締約國(guó),自其成為國(guó)際貨幣基金的成員國(guó)或按照本協(xié)定第十五條簽訂特別匯兌協(xié)定之日起,上述規(guī)定也應(yīng)適用。
    7.本協(xié)定所附的各減讓表,應(yīng)視為本協(xié)定第一部分的組成部分。
PART II
    第二部分
Article III    National Treatment on Internal Taxation and Regulation
1. The contracting parties recognize that internal taxes and other internal charges, and laws, regulations and requirements affecting the internal sale, offering for sale, purchase, transportation, distribution or use of products, and internal quantitative regulations requiring the mixture, processing or use of products in specified amounts or proportions, should not be applied to imported or domestic products so as to afford protection to domestic production.*
2. The products of the territory of any contracting party imported into the territory of any other contracting party shall not be subject, directly or indirectly, to internal taxes or other internal charges of any kind in excess of those applied, directly or indirectly, to like domestic products.  Moreover, no contracting party shall otherwise apply internal taxes or other internal charges to imported or domestic products in a manner contrary to the principles set forth in paragraph 1.*
3. With respect to any existing internal tax which is inconsistent with the provisions of paragraph 2, but which is specifically authorized under a trade agreement, in force on April 10, 1947, in which the import duty on the taxed product is bound against increase, the contracting party imposing the tax shall be free to postpone the application of the provisions of paragraph 2 to such tax until such time as it can obtain release from the obligations of such trade agreement in order to permit the increase of such duty to the extent necessary to compensate for the elimination of the protective element of the tax.
4. The products of the territory of any contracting party imported into the territory of any other contracting party shall be accorded treatment no less favourable than that accorded to like products of national origin in respect of all laws, regulations and requirements affecting their internal sale, offering for sale, purchase, transportation, distribution or use.  The provisions of this paragraph shall not prevent the application of differential internal transportation charges which are based exclusively on the economic operation of the means of transport and not on the nationality of the product.
5. No contracting party shall establish or maintain any internal quantitative regulation relating to the mixture, processing or use of products in specified amounts or proportions which requires, directly or indirectly, that any specified amount or proportion of any product which is the subject of the regulation must be supplied from domestic sources.  Moreover, no contracting party shall otherwise apply internal quantitative regulations in a manner contrary to the principles set forth in paragraph 1.*
6. The provisions of paragraph 5 shall not apply to any internal quantitative regulation in force in the territory of any contracting party on July 1, 1939, April 10, 1947, or March 24, 1948, at the option of that contracting party;  Provided that any such regulation which is contrary to the provisions of paragraph 5 shall not be modified to the detriment of imports and shall be treated as a customs duty for the purpose of negotiation.
7. No internal quantitative regulation relating to the mixture, processing or use of products in specified amounts or proportions shall be applied in such a manner as to allocate any such amount or proportion among external sources of supply.
8. (a) The provisions of this Article shall not apply to laws, regulations or requirements governing the procurement by governmental agencies of products purchased for governmental purposes and not with a view to commercial resale or with a view to use in the production of goods for commercial sale.
(b) The provisions of this Article shall not prevent the payment of subsidies exclusively to domestic producers, including payments to domestic producers derived from the proceeds of internal taxes or charges applied consistently with the provisions of this Article and subsidies effected through governmental purchases of domestic products.
9. The contracting parties recognize that internal maximum price control measures, even though conforming to the other provisions of this Article, can have effects prejudicial to the interests of contracting parties supplying imported products. Accordingly, contracting parties applying such measures shall take account of the interests of exporting contracting parties with a view to avoiding to the fullest practicable extent such prejudicial effects.
10. The provisions of this Article shall not prevent any contracting party from establishing or maintaining internal quantitative regulations relating to exposed cinematograph films and meeting the requirements of Article IV.
    第三條  國(guó)內(nèi)稅與國(guó)內(nèi)規(guī)章的國(guó)民待遇
    1.締約各國(guó)認(rèn)為,國(guó)內(nèi)稅和其它國(guó)內(nèi)費(fèi)用,影響產(chǎn)品的國(guó)內(nèi)銷(xiāo)售、推銷(xiāo)、購(gòu)買(mǎi)、運(yùn)輸、分配或使用的法令、條例和規(guī)定,以及對(duì)產(chǎn)品的混合、加工或使用須符合特定數(shù)量或比例要求的國(guó)內(nèi)數(shù)量限制條例,在對(duì)進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品或國(guó)產(chǎn)品實(shí)施時(shí),不應(yīng)用來(lái)對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)提供保護(hù)。
    2.一締約國(guó)領(lǐng)土的產(chǎn)品輸入到另一締約國(guó)領(lǐng)土?xí)r,不應(yīng)對(duì)它直接或間接征收高于對(duì)相同的國(guó)產(chǎn)品所直接或間接征收的國(guó)內(nèi)稅或其它國(guó)內(nèi)費(fèi)用。同時(shí),締約國(guó)不應(yīng)對(duì)進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品或國(guó)產(chǎn)品采用其它與本條第1款規(guī)定的原則有抵觸的辦法來(lái)實(shí)施國(guó)內(nèi)稅或其它國(guó)內(nèi)費(fèi)用。
    3.與本條第2款有抵觸的現(xiàn)行實(shí)施的國(guó)內(nèi)稅,如果是1947年4月10日有效的貿(mào)易協(xié)定中所特別規(guī)定允許征收的,而且在有關(guān)貿(mào)易協(xié)定中還規(guī)定了凡已征收這種國(guó)內(nèi)稅的產(chǎn)品,它的進(jìn)口關(guān)稅即不能任意增加,則征收這種國(guó)內(nèi)稅的締約國(guó),可以推遲實(shí)施本條第2款的規(guī)定,直到在貿(mào)易協(xié)定中所承擔(dān)的義務(wù)得到解除,它能夠增加進(jìn)口關(guān)稅以補(bǔ)償國(guó)內(nèi)稅保護(hù)因素的取消之時(shí)為止。
    4.一締約國(guó)領(lǐng)土的產(chǎn)品輸入到另一締約國(guó)領(lǐng)土?xí)r,在關(guān)于產(chǎn)品的國(guó)內(nèi)銷(xiāo)售、推銷(xiāo)、購(gòu)買(mǎi)、運(yùn)輸、分配或使用的全部法令、條例和規(guī)定方面,所享受的待遇應(yīng)不低于相同的國(guó)產(chǎn)品所享受的待遇。但本款的規(guī)定不應(yīng)妨礙國(guó)內(nèi)差別運(yùn)輸費(fèi)用的實(shí)施,如果實(shí)施這種差別運(yùn)輸費(fèi)用純系基于運(yùn)輸工具的經(jīng)濟(jì)使用而與產(chǎn)品的國(guó)別無(wú)關(guān)。
    5.締約國(guó)不得建立或維持某種對(duì)產(chǎn)品的混合、加工或使用須符合特定數(shù)量或比例的國(guó)內(nèi)數(shù)量限制條例,直接或間接要求某一特定數(shù)量或比例的條例對(duì)象產(chǎn)品必須由國(guó)內(nèi)來(lái)源供應(yīng)。締約國(guó)還不應(yīng)采用其它與本條第1款規(guī)定的原則有抵觸的辦法來(lái)實(shí)施國(guó)內(nèi)數(shù)量限制條例。
    6.本條第5款的規(guī)定不適用于1939年7月1日,或1947年4月10日,或1948年3月24日(各締約國(guó)可以從這三個(gè)日期中自行選擇一個(gè)日期)在一個(gè)締約國(guó)領(lǐng)土內(nèi)有效實(shí)施的國(guó)內(nèi)數(shù)量限制條例;但這種條例如與本條第5款的規(guī)定有抵觸,不應(yīng)采取損害進(jìn)口貨的利益的辦法來(lái)加以修改,應(yīng)該把它們當(dāng)做關(guān)稅來(lái)進(jìn)行談判。
    7.任何對(duì)產(chǎn)品的混合、加工或使用須符合特定數(shù)量或比例要求的國(guó)內(nèi)數(shù)量限制條例,在實(shí)施時(shí)不得把這種數(shù)量或比例在不同的國(guó)外供應(yīng)來(lái)源之間進(jìn)行分配。
    8.(甲)本條的規(guī)定不適用于有關(guān)政府機(jī)構(gòu)采購(gòu)供政府公用、非商業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)售或非用以生產(chǎn)供商業(yè)銷(xiāo)售的物品的管理法令、條例或規(guī)定。
    (乙)本條的規(guī)定不妨礙對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)者給予特殊的補(bǔ)貼,包括從按本條規(guī)定征收國(guó)內(nèi)稅費(fèi)所得的收入中以及通過(guò)政府購(gòu)買(mǎi)國(guó)產(chǎn)品的辦法,向國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)者給予補(bǔ)貼。
    9.各締約國(guó)認(rèn)為,規(guī)定國(guó)內(nèi)物價(jià)最高限額的管理辦法,即使符合本條的其它規(guī)定,對(duì)供應(yīng)進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品的締約國(guó)的利益,可能產(chǎn)生有害的影響。因此,實(shí)施這種辦法的締約國(guó),應(yīng)考慮出口締約國(guó)的利益,以求在最大可能限度內(nèi),避免對(duì)它們?cè)斐蓳p害。
    10.本條的規(guī)定不妨礙締約國(guó)建立或者維持符合本協(xié)定第四條要求的有關(guān)電影片的國(guó)內(nèi)數(shù)量限制條例。
Article IV    Special Provisions relating to Cinematograph Films
If any contracting party establishes or maintains internal quantitative regulations relating to exposed cinematograph films, such regulations shall take the form of screen quotas which shall conform to the following requirements:
(a) Screen quotas may require the exhibition of cinematograph films of national origin during a specified minimum proportion of the total screen time actually utilized, over a specified period of not less than one year, in the commercial exhibition of all films of whatever origin, and shall be computed on the basis of screen time per theatre per year or the equivalent thereof;
(b) With the exception of screen time reserved for films of national origin under a screen quota, screen time including that released by administrative action from screen time reserved for films of national origin, shall not be allocated formally or in effect among sources of supply;
(c) Notwithstanding the provisions of subparagraph (b) of this Article, any contracting party may maintain screen quotas conforming to the requirements of subparagraph (a) of this Article which reserve a minimum proportion of screen time for films of a specified origin other than that of the contracting party imposing such screen quotas;  Provided that no such minimum proportion of screen time shall be increased above the level in effect on April 10, 1947;
(d) Screen quotas shall be subject to negotiation for their limitation, liberalization or elimination.
    第四條  有關(guān)電影片的特殊規(guī)定
    締約國(guó)在建立或維持有關(guān)電影片的國(guó)內(nèi)數(shù)量限制條例時(shí),應(yīng)采取符合以下要求的放映限額辦法:
    (甲)放映限額可以規(guī)定,在不短于一年的指定時(shí)間內(nèi),國(guó)產(chǎn)電影片的放映應(yīng)在各國(guó)電影片商業(yè)性放映所實(shí)際使用的總時(shí)間內(nèi)占一定量低比例;
    放映限額應(yīng)以每年或其相當(dāng)期間內(nèi)每一電影院的放映時(shí)間作為計(jì)算基礎(chǔ)。
    (乙)除根據(jù)放映限額為國(guó)產(chǎn)電影片保留的放映時(shí)間以外,其它放映時(shí)間,包括原為國(guó)產(chǎn)電影片保留后經(jīng)管理當(dāng)局開(kāi)放的時(shí)間在內(nèi),不得正式或?qū)嶋H上依照電影片的不同來(lái)源進(jìn)行分配。
    (丙)雖有本條(乙)項(xiàng)的規(guī)定,任一締約國(guó)可以維持符合本條(甲)項(xiàng)要求的放映限額辦法,在實(shí)施這項(xiàng)辦法的國(guó)家以外,對(duì)某一國(guó)家的電影片保留一最低比例的放映時(shí)間。
    (丁)放映限額的限制、放寬或取消,須通過(guò)談判確定。
Article V    Freedom of Transit
1. Goods (including baggage), and also vessels and other means of transport, shall be deemed to be in transit across the territory of a contracting party when the passage across such territory, with or without trans-shipment, warehousing, breaking bulk, or change in the mode of transport, is only a portion of a complete journey beginning and terminating beyond the frontier of the contracting party across whose territory the traffic passes. Traffic of this nature is termed in this article "traffic in transit".
2. There shall be freedom of transit through the territory of each contracting party, via the routes most convenient for international transit, for traffic in transit to or from the territory of other contracting parties.  No distinction shall be made which is based on the flag of vessels, the place of origin, departure, entry, exit or destination, or on any circumstances relating to the ownership of goods, of vessels or of other means of transport.
3. Any contracting party may require that traffic in transit through its territory be entered at the proper custom house, but, except in cases of failure to comply with applicable customs laws and regulations, such traffic coming from or going to the territory of other contracting parties shall not be subject to any unnecessary delays or restrictions and shall be exempt from customs duties and from all transit duties or other charges imposed in respect of transit, except charges for transportation or those commensurate with administrative expenses entailed by transit or with the cost of services rendered.
4. All charges and regulations imposed by contracting parties on traffic in transit to or from the territories of other contracting parties shall be reasonable, having regard to the conditions of the traffic.
5. With respect to all charges, regulations and formalities in connection with transit, each contracting party shall accord to traffic in transit to or from the territory of any other contracting party treatment no less favourable than the treatment accorded to traffic in transit to or from any third country.*
6. Each contracting party shall accord to products which have been in transit through the territory of any other contracting party treatment no less favourable than that which would have been accorded to such products had they been transported from their place of origin to their destination without going through the territory of such other contracting party.  Any contracting party shall, however, be free to maintain its requirements of direct consignment existing on the date of this Agreement, in respect of any goods in regard to which such direct consignment is a requisite condition of eligibility for entry of the goods at preferential rates of duty or has relation to the contracting party's prescribed method of valuation for duty purposes.
7. The provisions of this Article shall not apply to the operation of aircraft in transit, but shall apply to air transit of goods (including baggage).
    第五條  過(guò)境自由
    1.貨物(包括行李在內(nèi))、船舶及其它運(yùn)輸工具,經(jīng)由一締約國(guó)的領(lǐng)土通過(guò),不論有無(wú)轉(zhuǎn)船、存?zhèn)}、起卸或改變運(yùn)輸方式,只要通過(guò)的路程是全部運(yùn)程的一部分,而運(yùn)輸?shù)钠瘘c(diǎn)和終點(diǎn)又在運(yùn)輸所經(jīng)的締約國(guó)的領(lǐng)土以外,應(yīng)視為經(jīng)由這一締約國(guó)領(lǐng)土過(guò)境,這種性質(zhì)的運(yùn)輸本條定名為"過(guò)境運(yùn)輸"。
    2.來(lái)自或前往其它締約國(guó)領(lǐng)土的過(guò)境運(yùn)輸,有權(quán)按照最便于國(guó)際過(guò)境的路線通過(guò)每一締約國(guó)的領(lǐng)土自由過(guò)境。不得以船舶的國(guó)籍、來(lái)源地、出發(fā)地、進(jìn)入港、駛出港或目的港的不同,或者以有關(guān)貨物、船舶或其它運(yùn)輸工具的所有權(quán)的任何情況,作為實(shí)施差別待遇的依據(jù)。
    3.締約國(guó)對(duì)通過(guò)其領(lǐng)土的過(guò)境運(yùn)輸,可以要求在適當(dāng)?shù)暮jP(guān)報(bào)關(guān);但是,除了未遵守應(yīng)適用的海關(guān)法令條例的以外,這種來(lái)自或前往其它締約國(guó)領(lǐng)土的過(guò)境運(yùn)輸,不應(yīng)受到不必要的耽延或限制,并應(yīng)對(duì)它免征關(guān)稅、過(guò)境稅或有關(guān)過(guò)境的其它費(fèi)用,但運(yùn)輸費(fèi)用以及相當(dāng)于因過(guò)境而支出的行政費(fèi)用或提供服務(wù)成本的費(fèi)用,不在此限。
    4.締約國(guó)對(duì)來(lái)自或前往其它締約國(guó)領(lǐng)土的過(guò)境運(yùn)輸所征收的費(fèi)用及所實(shí)施的條例必須合理,并應(yīng)考慮運(yùn)輸?shù)母鞣N情況。
    5.在有關(guān)過(guò)境的費(fèi)用、條例和手續(xù)方面,一締約國(guó)對(duì)來(lái)自或前往其它締約國(guó)的過(guò)境運(yùn)輸所給的待遇,不得低于對(duì)來(lái)自或前往任何第三國(guó)的過(guò)境運(yùn)輸所給的待遇。
    6.一締約國(guó)對(duì)經(jīng)由另一締約國(guó)領(lǐng)土過(guò)境的產(chǎn)品所給的待遇,不應(yīng)低于這些產(chǎn)品如未經(jīng)另一締約國(guó)領(lǐng)土過(guò)境,而直接從原產(chǎn)地運(yùn)到目的地時(shí)所應(yīng)給予的待遇。但是,如果直接運(yùn)輸是某些貨物在進(jìn)口時(shí)得以享受優(yōu)惠稅率的必要條件或與締約國(guó)征收關(guān)稅的某種估價(jià)辦法有關(guān),則締約國(guó)得保留其在本協(xié)定簽訂之日已實(shí)施的有關(guān)直接運(yùn)輸?shù)哪切┮?guī)定。
    7.本條的規(guī)定不適用于航空器的過(guò)境,但對(duì)空運(yùn)過(guò)境貨物(包括行李在內(nèi))則應(yīng)適用。
Article VI    Anti-dumping and Countervailing Duties
1. The contracting parties recognize that dumping, by which products of one country are introduced into the commerce of another country at less than the normal value of the products, is to be condemned if it causes or threatens material injury to an established industry in the territory of a contracting party or materially retards the establishment of a domestic industry. For the purposes of this Article, a product is to be considered as being introduced into the commerce of an importing country at less than its normal value, if the price of the product exported from one country to another
(a) is less than the comparable price, in the ordinary course of trade, for the like product when destined for consumption in the exporting country, or,
(b) in the absence of such domestic price, is less than either
(i) the highest comparable price for the like product for export to any third country in the ordinary course of trade, or
(ii) the cost of production of the product in the country of origin plus a reasonable addition for selling cost and profit.
Due allowance shall be made in each case for differences in conditions and terms of sale, for differences in taxation, and for other differences affecting price comparability.*
2. In order to offset or prevent dumping, a contracting party may levy on any dumped product an anti-dumping duty not greater in amount than the margin of dumping in respect of such product.  For the purposes of this Article, the margin of dumping is the price difference determined in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 1.*
3. No countervailing duty shall be levied on any product of the territory of any contracting party imported into the territory of another contracting party in excess of an amount equal to the estimated bounty or subsidy determined to have been granted, directly or indirectly, on the manufacture, production or export of such product in the country of origin or exportation, including any special subsidy to the transportation of a particular product. The term "countervailing duty" shall be understood to mean a special duty levied for the purpose of offsetting any bounty or subsidy bestowed, directly, or indirectly, upon the manufacture, production or export of any merchandise.*
4. No product of the territory of any contracting party imported into the territory of any other contracting party shall be subject to anti-dumping or countervailing duty by reason of the exemption of such product from duties or taxes borne by the like product when destined for consumption in the country of origin or exportation, or by reason of the refund of such duties or taxes.
5. No product of the territory of any contracting party imported into the territory of any other contracting party shall be subject to both anti-dumping and countervailing duties to compensate for the same situation of dumping or export subsidization.
6. (a) No contracting party shall levy any anti-dumping or countervailing duty on the importation of any product of the territory of another contracting party unless it determines that the effect of the dumping or subsidization, as the case may be, is such as to cause or threaten material injury to an established domestic industry, or is such as to retard materially the establishment of a domestic industry.
(b) The CONTRACTING PARTIES may waive the requirement of subparagraph (a) of this paragraph so as to permit a contracting party to levy an anti-dumping or countervailing duty on the importation of any product for the purpose of offsetting dumping or subsidization which causes or threatens material injury to an industry in the territory of another contracting party exporting the product concerned to the territory of the importing contracting party. The CONTRACTING PARTIES shall waive the requirements of subparagraph (a) of this paragraph, so as to permit the levying of a countervailing duty, in cases in which they find that a subsidy is causing or threatening material injury to an industry in the territory of another contracting party exporting the product concerned to the territory of the importing contracting party.*
(c) In exceptional circumstances, however, where delay might cause damage which would be difficult to repair, a contracting party may levy a countervailing duty for the purpose referred to in subparagraph (b) of this paragraph without the prior approval of the CONTRACTING PARTIES;  Provided that such action shall be reported immediately to the CONTRACTING PARTIES and that the countervailing duty shall be withdrawn promptly if the CONTRACTING PARTIES disapprove.
7. A system for the stabilization of the domestic price or of the return to domestic producers of a primary commodity, independently of the movements of export prices, which results at times in the sale of the commodity for export at a price lower than the comparable price charged for the like commodity to buyers in the domestic market, shall be presumed not to result in material injury within the meaning of paragraph 6 if it is determined by consultation among the contracting parties substantially interested in the commodity concerned that:
(a) the system has also resulted in the sale of the commodity for export at a price higher than the comparable price charged for the like commodity to buyers in the domestic market, and
(b) the system is so operated, either because of the effective regulation of production, or otherwise, as not to stimulate exports unduly or otherwise seriously prejudice the interests of other contracting parties.
    第六條  反傾銷(xiāo)稅和反補(bǔ)貼稅
    1.各締約國(guó)認(rèn)為,用傾銷(xiāo)的手段將一國(guó)產(chǎn)品以低于正常價(jià)值的辦法擠入另一國(guó)貿(mào)易內(nèi),如因此對(duì)某一締約國(guó)領(lǐng)土內(nèi)已建立的某項(xiàng)工業(yè)造成重大損害或產(chǎn)生重大威脅,或者對(duì)某一國(guó)內(nèi)工業(yè)的新建產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重阻礙,這種傾銷(xiāo)應(yīng)該受到譴責(zé)。本條所稱(chēng)一產(chǎn)品以低于它的正常價(jià)值擠入進(jìn)口國(guó)的貿(mào)易內(nèi),系指從一國(guó)向另一國(guó)出口的產(chǎn)品的價(jià)格。
    (甲)低于相同產(chǎn)品在出口國(guó)用于國(guó)內(nèi)消費(fèi)時(shí)在正常情況下的可比價(jià)格;或
    (乙)如果沒(méi)有這種國(guó)內(nèi)價(jià)格,低于:
    (1)相同產(chǎn)品在正常貿(mào)易情況下向第三國(guó)出口的最高可比價(jià)格;或
    (2)產(chǎn)品在原產(chǎn)國(guó)的生產(chǎn)成本加合理的推銷(xiāo)費(fèi)用和利潤(rùn)。
    但對(duì)每一具體事例的銷(xiāo)售條件的差異、賦稅的差異以及影響價(jià)格可比性的其它差異,必須予以適當(dāng)考慮。
    2.締約國(guó)為了抵銷(xiāo)或防止傾銷(xiāo),可以對(duì)傾銷(xiāo)的產(chǎn)品征收數(shù)量不超過(guò)這一產(chǎn)品的傾銷(xiāo)差額的反傾銷(xiāo)稅。本條所稱(chēng)的傾銷(xiāo)差額,系指按本條第一款的規(guī)定所確定的價(jià)格差額。
    3.一締約國(guó)領(lǐng)土的產(chǎn)品輸入到另一締約國(guó)領(lǐng)土?xí)r,對(duì)這種產(chǎn)品征收的反補(bǔ)貼稅,在金額上不得超過(guò)這種產(chǎn)品在原產(chǎn)國(guó)或輸出國(guó)制造、生產(chǎn)或輸出時(shí),所直接或間接得到的獎(jiǎng)金或補(bǔ)貼的估計(jì)數(shù)額。一種產(chǎn)品于運(yùn)輸時(shí)得到的特別補(bǔ)貼,也應(yīng)包括在這一數(shù)額以內(nèi)。"反補(bǔ)貼稅"一詞應(yīng)理解為:為了抵銷(xiāo)商品于制造、生產(chǎn)或輸出時(shí)所直接或間接接受的任何獎(jiǎng)金或補(bǔ)貼而征收的一種特別關(guān)稅。
    4.一締約國(guó)領(lǐng)土的產(chǎn)品輸入到另一締約國(guó)領(lǐng)土,不得因其免納相同產(chǎn)品在原產(chǎn)國(guó)或輸出國(guó)用于消費(fèi)時(shí)所須完納的稅捐或因這種稅捐已經(jīng)退稅,即對(duì)它征收反傾銷(xiāo)或反補(bǔ)貼稅。
    5.一締約國(guó)領(lǐng)土的產(chǎn)品輸入到另一締約國(guó)領(lǐng)土,不得因抵銷(xiāo)傾銷(xiāo)或出口補(bǔ)貼,而同時(shí)對(duì)它既征收反傾銷(xiāo)稅又征收反補(bǔ)貼稅。
    6.
    (甲)一締約國(guó)對(duì)另一締約國(guó)領(lǐng)土產(chǎn)品的進(jìn)口,除了斷定傾銷(xiāo)或補(bǔ)貼的后果會(huì)對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)某項(xiàng)已建的工業(yè)造成重大損害或產(chǎn)生重大威脅,或者嚴(yán)重阻礙國(guó)內(nèi)某一工業(yè)的新建以外,不得征收反傾銷(xiāo)稅或反補(bǔ)貼稅。
    (乙)為了抵銷(xiāo)傾銷(xiāo)或補(bǔ)貼對(duì)另一個(gè)向進(jìn)口締約國(guó)領(lǐng)土輸出某一產(chǎn)品的締約國(guó)的領(lǐng)土內(nèi)某一工業(yè)造成的重大損害或產(chǎn)生的重大威脅,締約國(guó)全體可以解除本款(甲)項(xiàng)規(guī)定的要求,允許這一進(jìn)口締約國(guó)對(duì)有關(guān)產(chǎn)品的進(jìn)口征收反傾銷(xiāo)稅或反補(bǔ)貼稅。如果締約國(guó)全體發(fā)現(xiàn)某種補(bǔ)貼對(duì)另一個(gè)向進(jìn)口締約國(guó)領(lǐng)土輸出有關(guān)產(chǎn)品的締約國(guó)的領(lǐng)土內(nèi)某一工業(yè)正在造成重大損害或產(chǎn)生重大威脅,它們應(yīng)解除本款(甲)項(xiàng)規(guī)定的要求,允許征收反傾銷(xiāo)稅。
    (丙)然而,在某些例外情況下,如果延遲將會(huì)造成難以補(bǔ)救的損害,一締約國(guó)雖未經(jīng)締約國(guó)全體事前批準(zhǔn),也可以對(duì)本款(乙)項(xiàng)所述的目的而征收反貼補(bǔ)稅,但這項(xiàng)行動(dòng)應(yīng)立即向締約國(guó)全體報(bào)告,如未獲批準(zhǔn),這種反貼補(bǔ)稅應(yīng)即予撤銷(xiāo)。
    7.凡與出口價(jià)格的變動(dòng)無(wú)關(guān),為穩(wěn)定國(guó)內(nèi)價(jià)格或?yàn)榉(wěn)定某一初級(jí)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)者的收入而建立的制度,即令它有時(shí)會(huì)使出口商品的售價(jià)低于相同產(chǎn)品在國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)銷(xiāo)售時(shí)的可比價(jià)格,也不應(yīng)認(rèn)為造成了本條第六款所稱(chēng)的重大損害,如果與有關(guān)商品有實(shí)質(zhì)利害關(guān)系的締約各國(guó)協(xié)商后確認(rèn):
    (甲)這一制度也曾使商品的出口售價(jià)高于相同產(chǎn)品在國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)銷(xiāo)售時(shí)的可比價(jià)格,而且(乙)這一制度的實(shí)施,由于對(duì)生產(chǎn)的有效管制或其它原因,不致于不適當(dāng)?shù)卮碳こ隹?或在其它方面嚴(yán)重?fù)p害其它締約國(guó)的利益。
Article VII    Valuation for Customs Purposes
1. The contracting parties recognize the validity of the general principles of valuation set forth in the following paragraphs of this Article, and they undertake to give effect to such principles, in respect of all products subject to duties or other charges* or restrictions on importation and exportation based upon or regulated in any manner by value.  Moreover, they shall, upon a request by another contracting party review the operation of any of their laws or regulations relating to value for customs purposes in the light of these principles.  The CONTRACTING PARTIES may request from contracting parties reports on steps taken by them in pursuance of the provisions of this Article.
2. (a) The value for customs purposes of imported merchandise should be based on the actual value of the imported merchandise on which duty is assessed, or of like merchandise, and should not be based on the value of merchandise of national origin or on arbitrary or fictitious values.*
(b) "Actual value" should be the price at which, at a time and place determined by the legislation of the country of importation, such or like merchandise is sold or offered for sale in the ordinary course of trade under fully competitive conditions. To the extent to which the price of such or like merchandise is governed by the quantity in a particular transaction, the price to be considered should uniformly be related to either (i) comparable quantities, or (ii) quantities not less favourable to importers than those in which the greater volume of the merchandise is sold in the trade between the countries of exportation and importation.*
(c) When the actual value is not ascertainable in accordance with subparagraph (b) of this paragraph, the value for customs purposes should be based on the nearest ascertainable equivalent of such value.*
3. The value for customs purposes of any imported product should not include the amount of any internal tax, applicable within the country of origin or export, from which the imported product has been exempted or has been or will be relieved by means of refund.
4. (a) Except as otherwise provided for in this paragraph, where it is necessary for the purposes of paragraph 2 of this Article for a contracting party to convert into its own currency a price expressed in the currency of another country, the conversion rate of exchange to be used shall be based, for each currency involved, on the par value as established pursuant to the Articles of Agreement of the International Monetary Fund or on the rate of exchange recognized by the Fund, or on the par value established in accordance with a special exchange agreement entered into pursuant to Article XV of this Agreement.
(b) Where no such established par value and no such recognized rate of exchange exist, the conversion rate shall reflect effectively the current value of such currency in commercial transactions.
(c) The CONTRACTING PARTIES, in agreement with the International Monetary Fund, shall formulate rules governing the conversion by contracting parties of any foreign currency in respect of which multiple rates of exchange are maintained consistently with the Articles of Agreement of the International Monetary Fund.  Any contracting party may apply such rules in respect of such foreign currencies for the purposes of paragraph 2 of this Article as an alternative to the use of par values. Until such rules are adopted by the Contracting Parties, any contracting party may employ, in respect of any such foreign currency, rules of conversion for the purposes of paragraph 2 of this Article which are designed to reflect effectively the value of such foreign currency in commercial transactions.
(d) Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to require any contracting party to alter the method of converting currencies for customs purposes which is applicable in its territory on the date of this Agreement, if such alteration would have the effect of increasing generally the amounts of duty payable.
5. The bases and methods for determining the value of products subject to duties or other charges or restrictions based upon or regulated in any manner by value should be stable and should be given sufficient publicity to enable traders to estimate, with a reasonable degree of certainty, the value for customs purposes.
    第七條  海關(guān)估價(jià)
    1.締約各國(guó)承認(rèn)本條下列各款規(guī)定的估價(jià)一般原則有效;
    締約各國(guó)還承擔(dān)義務(wù),保證對(duì)所有以價(jià)值作為輸出入征收關(guān)稅和其它費(fèi)用或?qū)嵤┫拗频囊罁?jù)的產(chǎn)品,實(shí)施這些原則,另外,經(jīng)另一締約國(guó)提出要求,締約各國(guó)應(yīng)根據(jù)這些原則檢查各自國(guó)家有關(guān)海關(guān)估價(jià)的法令或條例的執(zhí)行情況,締約國(guó)全體可以要求締約各國(guó)就執(zhí)行本條規(guī)定所采取的步驟提供報(bào)告。
    2.(甲)海關(guān)對(duì)進(jìn)口商品的估價(jià)應(yīng)以進(jìn)口商品或相同商品的實(shí)際價(jià)格,而不得以國(guó)產(chǎn)品的價(jià)格或者以武斷的或虛構(gòu)的價(jià)格作為計(jì)證關(guān)稅的依據(jù)。
    (乙)"實(shí)際價(jià)格"系指,在進(jìn)口國(guó)立法確定的某一時(shí)間和地點(diǎn),在正常貿(mào)易過(guò)程中,在充分競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的條件下,某一商品或相同商品出售或兜售的價(jià)格。由于這一商品或相同商品的價(jià)格在具體交易中系隨數(shù)量而轉(zhuǎn)移,為統(tǒng)一計(jì),本條所稱(chēng)的價(jià)格系指下述數(shù)量之一的價(jià)格:
    (1)可比數(shù)量,或(2)與輸出國(guó)和輸入國(guó)貿(mào)易之間出售較大商品數(shù)量相比,不致使進(jìn)口商不利的那種數(shù)量。
    (丙)按照本款(乙)項(xiàng)的規(guī)定不能確定實(shí)際價(jià)格時(shí),海關(guān)的估價(jià)應(yīng)以可確定的最接近于實(shí)際價(jià)格的相當(dāng)價(jià)格為根據(jù)。
    3.海關(guān)對(duì)進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品的估價(jià),不應(yīng)包括原產(chǎn)國(guó)或輸出國(guó)所實(shí)施的但對(duì)進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品已予免征,或已經(jīng)退稅,或?qū)⒁枰酝硕惖娜魏螄?guó)內(nèi)稅。
    4.(甲)除本款另有規(guī)定者外,當(dāng)一締約國(guó)為了本條第2款的目的,須將另一國(guó)貨幣表示的價(jià)格折成本國(guó)貨幣時(shí),它對(duì)每一有關(guān)貨幣所使用的外匯折合率,應(yīng)以符合國(guó)際貨幣基金協(xié)定條款規(guī)定的平價(jià)或以基金認(rèn)可的匯率為根據(jù),或以符合本協(xié)定第十五條簽訂的特別外匯協(xié)定規(guī)定的平價(jià)為根據(jù)。
    (乙)如果沒(méi)有規(guī)定的平價(jià)或認(rèn)可的匯率,則折合率應(yīng)有效地反映這種貨幣在商業(yè)交易中的現(xiàn)行價(jià)值。
    (丙)對(duì)按國(guó)際貨幣基金協(xié)定條款的規(guī)定可以保留多種折合率的外幣,締約國(guó)全體在取得國(guó)際貨幣基金的同意后,應(yīng)制訂管理締約各國(guó)折合這種外幣的規(guī)則。締約國(guó)為了本條第2款的目的,可以對(duì)這種外幣實(shí)施這種規(guī)則,以代替平價(jià)的使用。在締約國(guó)全體未通過(guò)這些規(guī)則以前,締約國(guó)為了本條第2款的目的,可以對(duì)這種貨幣采用旨在有效反映這種貨幣在商業(yè)交易上的價(jià)值而制訂的折合規(guī)則。
    (丁)本款的規(guī)定不得解釋為要求締約國(guó)改變?cè)诒緟f(xié)定簽訂之日已在其領(lǐng)土內(nèi)實(shí)施的為海關(guān)目的所使用的貨幣折合辦法,如果這種改變會(huì)普遍增加應(yīng)納關(guān)稅的效果。
    5.如果產(chǎn)品系以價(jià)值作為征收關(guān)稅和其它費(fèi)用或?qū)嵤┫拗频囊罁?jù),則確定產(chǎn)品價(jià)值的根據(jù)和方法必須穩(wěn)定,并應(yīng)廣為公告,以便貿(mào)易商能夠相當(dāng)準(zhǔn)確地估計(jì)海關(guān)的估價(jià)。
Article VIII    Fees and Formalities connected with Importation and Exportation*
1. (a) All fees and charges of whatever character (other than import and export duties and other than taxes within the purview of Article III) imposed by contracting parties on or in connection with importation ,or exportation shall be limited in amount to the approximate cost of services rendered and shall not represent an indirect protection to domestic products or a taxation of imports or exports for fiscal purposes.
(b) The contracting parties recognize the need for reducing the number and diversity of fees and charges referred to in subparagraph (a).
(c) The contracting parties also recognize the need for minimizing the incidence and complexity of import and export formalities and for decreasing and simplifying import and export documentation requirements.*
2. A contracting party shall, upon request by another contracting party or by the CONTRACTING PARTIES, review the operation of its laws and regulations in the light of the provisions of this Article.
3. No contracting party shall impose substantial penalties for minor breaches of customs regulations or procedural requirements.  In particular, no penalty in respect of any omission or mistake in customs documentation which is easily rectifiable and obviously made without fraudulent intent or gross negligence shall be greater than necessary to serve merely as a warning.
4. The provisions of this Article shall extend to fees, charges, formalities and requirements imposed by governmental authorities in connection with importation and exportation, including those relating to:
(a) consular transactions, such as consular invoices and certificates;
(b) quantitative restrictions;
(c) licensing;
(d) exchange control;
(e) statistical services;
(f) documents, documentation and certification;
(g) analysis and inspection;  and
(h) quarantine, sanitation and fumigation.
    第八條  規(guī)費(fèi)和輸出入手續(xù)
    1.(甲)締約國(guó)對(duì)輸出入及有關(guān)輸出入所征的除進(jìn)出口關(guān)稅和本協(xié)定第三條所述內(nèi)地稅以外的任何種類(lèi)的規(guī)費(fèi)和費(fèi)用,不應(yīng)成為對(duì)國(guó)產(chǎn)品的一種間接保護(hù),也不應(yīng)成為為了財(cái)政目的而征收的一種進(jìn)口稅或出口稅。
    (乙)各締約國(guó)認(rèn)為,本款(甲)項(xiàng)所稱(chēng)規(guī)費(fèi)和費(fèi)用的數(shù)量和種類(lèi)有必要予以減少。
    (丙)各締約國(guó)認(rèn)為,輸出入手續(xù)的負(fù)擔(dān)和繁瑣,應(yīng)降低到最低限度;
    規(guī)定的輸出入單證應(yīng)當(dāng)減少和簡(jiǎn)化。
    2.經(jīng)另一締約國(guó)或經(jīng)締約國(guó)全體提出請(qǐng)求,一締約國(guó)應(yīng)根據(jù)本條的規(guī)定檢查它的法令和規(guī)章的執(zhí)行情況。
    3.締約國(guó)對(duì)違反海關(guān)規(guī)章和手續(xù)的輕微事項(xiàng),不得嚴(yán)加處罰。特別是對(duì)海關(guān)單證上的某種易于改正和顯無(wú)欺騙意圖或重大過(guò)失的漏填、誤填,更不應(yīng)課以超過(guò)警告程度的處罰。
    4.本條的規(guī)定應(yīng)適用于政府當(dāng)局在有關(guān)輸出入方面所實(shí)施的規(guī)費(fèi)、費(fèi)用、手續(xù)及規(guī)定,包括有關(guān)輸出入的下述事項(xiàng):
    (甲)領(lǐng)事事項(xiàng),如領(lǐng)事簽證發(fā)票及證明;
    (乙)數(shù)量限制;
    (丙)許可證;
    (丁)外匯管制;
    (戊)統(tǒng)計(jì)事項(xiàng);
    (己)文件、單據(jù)和證明;
    (庚)分析和檢查;
    以及
    (辛)檢疫、衛(wèi)生及熏蒸消毒。
Article IX    Marks of Origin
1. Each contracting party shall accord to the products of the territories of other contracting parties treatment with regard to marking requirements no less favourable than the treatment accorded to like products of any third country.
2. The contracting parties recognize that, in adopting and enforcing laws and regulations relating to marks of origin, the difficulties and inconveniences which such measures may cause to the commerce and industry of exporting countries should be reduced to a minimum, due regard being had to the necessity of protecting consumers against fraudulent or misleading indications.
3. Whenever it is administratively practicable to do so, contracting parties should permit required marks of origin to be affixed at the time of importation.
4. The laws and regulations of contracting parties relating to the marking of imported products shall be such as to permit compliance without seriously damaging the products, or materially reducing their value, or unreasonably increasing their cost.
5. As a general rule, no special duty or penalty should be imposed by any contracting party for failure to comply with marking requirements prior to importation unless corrective marking is unreasonably delayed or deceptive marks have been affixed or the required marking has been intentionally omitted.
6. The contracting parties shall co-operate with each other with a view to preventing the use of trade names in such manner as to misrepresent the true origin of a product, to the detriment of such distinctive regional or geographical names of products of the territory of a contracting party as are protected by its legislation.  Each contracting party shall accord full and sympathetic consideration to such requests or representations as may be made by any other contracting party regarding the application of the undertaking set forth in the preceding sentence to names of products which have been communicated to it by the other contracting party.
    第九條  原產(chǎn)國(guó)標(biāo)記
    1.一締約國(guó)在有關(guān)標(biāo)記規(guī)定方面對(duì)其它締約國(guó)領(lǐng)土產(chǎn)品所給的待遇,應(yīng)不低于對(duì)第三國(guó)相同產(chǎn)品所給的待遇。
    2.締約各國(guó)認(rèn)為,在采用和貫徹實(shí)施原產(chǎn)國(guó)標(biāo)記的法令和條例時(shí),對(duì)這種措施對(duì)出口國(guó)的貿(mào)易和工業(yè)可能造成的困難及不便應(yīng)減少到最低程度;
    但應(yīng)適當(dāng)注意防止欺騙性的或易引起誤解的標(biāo)記,以保護(hù)消費(fèi)者的利益。
    3.只要行政上許可,締約各國(guó)應(yīng)允許所要求的原產(chǎn)國(guó)標(biāo)記在進(jìn)口時(shí)貼在商品上。
    4.締約各國(guó)的有關(guān)進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品標(biāo)記的法令和條例,應(yīng)不致在遵照辦理時(shí)會(huì)使產(chǎn)品受到嚴(yán)重?fù)p害,或大大降低它的價(jià)值,或不合理地增加它的成本。
    5.締約國(guó)對(duì)于輸入前未依照規(guī)定辦理標(biāo)記的行為,除不合理地拖延不更正,或貼欺騙性的標(biāo)記,或有意不貼要求的標(biāo)記以外,原則上不得征收特別稅或課以特別處罰。
    6.締約各國(guó)應(yīng)通力合作,制止濫用商業(yè)名稱(chēng)假冒產(chǎn)品的原產(chǎn)地,以致使某一締約國(guó)領(lǐng)土產(chǎn)品受到當(dāng)?shù)亓⒎ūWo(hù)的特殊區(qū)域名稱(chēng)或地理名稱(chēng)受到損害。每一締約國(guó)對(duì)其它締約國(guó)提出的有關(guān)對(duì)產(chǎn)品名稱(chēng)適用上述義務(wù)的要求或陳述,應(yīng)予以充分的同情考慮。
Article X    Publication and Administration of Trade Regulations
1. Laws, regulations, judicial decisions and administrative rulings of general application, made effective by any contracting party, pertaining to the classification or the valuation of products for customs purposes, or to rates of duty, taxes or other charges, or to requirements, restrictions or prohibitions on imports or exports or on the transfer of payments therefor, or affecting their sale, distribution, transportation, insurance, warehousing inspection, exhibition, processing, mixing or other use, shall be published promptly in such a manner as to enable governments and traders to become acquainted with them.  Agreements affecting international trade policy which are in force between the government or a governmental agency of any contracting party and the government or governmental agency of any other contracting party shall also be published.  The provisions of this paragraph shall not require any contracting party to disclose confidential information which would impede law enforcement or otherwise be contrary to the public interest or would prejudice the legitimate commercial interests of particular enterprises, public or private.
2. No measure of general application taken by any contracting party effecting an advance in a rate of duty or other charge on imports under an established and uniform practice, or imposing a new or more burdensome requirement, restriction or prohibition on imports, or on the transfer of payments therefor, shall be enforced before such measure has been officially published.
3. (a) Each contracting party shall administer in a uniform, impartial and reasonable manner all its laws, regulations, decisions and rulings of the kind described in paragraph 1 of this Article.
(b) Each contracting party shall maintain, or institute as soon as practicable, judicial, arbitral or administrative tribunals or procedures for the purpose, inter alia, of the prompt review and correction of administrative action relating to customs matters.  Such tribunals or procedures shall be independent of the agencies entrusted with administrative enforcement and their decisions shall be implemented by, and shall govern the practice of, such agencies unless an appeal is lodged with a court or tribunal of superior jurisdiction within the time prescribed for appeals to be lodged by importers;  Provided that the central administration of such agency may take steps to obtain a review of the matter in another proceeding if there is good cause to believe that the decision is inconsistent with established principles of law or the actual facts.
(c) The provisions of subparagraph (b) of this paragraph shall not require the elimination or substitution of procedures in force in the territory of a contracting party on the date of this Agreement which in fact provide for an objective and impartial review of administrative action even though such procedures are not fully or formally independent of the agencies entrusted with administrative enforcement.  Any contracting party employing such procedures shall, upon request, furnish the CONTRACTING PARTIES with full information thereon in order that they may determine whether such procedures conform to the requirements of this subparagraph.
    第十條  貿(mào)易條例的公布和實(shí)施
    1.締約國(guó)有效實(shí)施的關(guān)于海關(guān)對(duì)產(chǎn)品的分類(lèi)或估價(jià),關(guān)于稅捐和其它費(fèi)用的征收率,關(guān)于對(duì)進(jìn)出口貨物及其支付轉(zhuǎn)帳的規(guī)定、限制和禁止,以及關(guān)于影響進(jìn)出口貨物的銷(xiāo)售、分配、運(yùn)輸、保險(xiǎn)、存?zhèn)}、檢驗(yàn)、展覽、加工、混合或使用的法令、條例與足資一般援用的司法判決及行政決定,都應(yīng)迅速公布,以使各國(guó)政府及貿(mào)易商對(duì)它們熟悉。一締約國(guó)政府或政府機(jī)構(gòu)與另一締約國(guó)政府或政府機(jī)構(gòu)之間締結(jié)的影響國(guó)際貿(mào)易政策的現(xiàn)行協(xié)定,也必須公布。但本款的規(guī)定并不要求締約國(guó)公開(kāi)那些會(huì)妨礙法令的貫徹執(zhí)行、會(huì)違反公共利益或會(huì)損害某一公私企業(yè)的正當(dāng)商業(yè)利益的機(jī)密資料。
    2.締約國(guó)采取的按既定統(tǒng)一辦法提高進(jìn)口貨物關(guān)稅或其它費(fèi)用的征收率,或者對(duì)進(jìn)口貨物及其支付轉(zhuǎn)讓實(shí)施新的或更嚴(yán)的規(guī)定、限制或禁止的普遍適用的措施,非經(jīng)正式公布,不得實(shí)施。
    3.(甲)締約各國(guó)應(yīng)以統(tǒng)一、公正和合理的方式實(shí)施本條第一款所述的法令、條例、判決和決定。
    (乙)為了能夠特別對(duì)于有關(guān)海關(guān)事項(xiàng)的行政行為迅速進(jìn)行檢查和糾正,締約各國(guó)應(yīng)維持或盡快建立司法的、仲裁的或行政的法庭或程序。這種法庭或程序應(yīng)獨(dú)立于負(fù)責(zé)行政實(shí)施的機(jī)構(gòu)之外,而它們的決定,除進(jìn)口商于規(guī)定上訴期間向上級(jí)法院或法庭提出申訴以外,應(yīng)由這些機(jī)構(gòu)予以執(zhí)行,并作為今后實(shí)施的準(zhǔn)則;
    但是,如這些機(jī)構(gòu)的中央主管機(jī)關(guān)有充分理由認(rèn)為它們的決定與法律的既定原則有抵觸或與事實(shí)不符,它可以采取步驟使這個(gè)問(wèn)題經(jīng)由另一程序加以檢查。
    (丙)如于本協(xié)定簽訂之日在締約國(guó)領(lǐng)土內(nèi)實(shí)施的事實(shí)上能夠?qū)π姓袨樘峁┛陀^公正的檢查,即使這種程序不是全部或正式地獨(dú)立于負(fù)責(zé)行政實(shí)施的機(jī)構(gòu)以外,本款(乙)項(xiàng)的規(guī)定,并不要求取消它或替換它,實(shí)施這種程序的締約國(guó)如被請(qǐng)求,應(yīng)向締約國(guó)全體提供有關(guān)這種程序的詳盡資料,以便締約國(guó)全體決定這種程序是否符合本項(xiàng)規(guī)定的要求。
Article XI    General Elimination of Quantitative Restrictions
1. No prohibitions or restrictions other than duties, taxes or other charges, whether made effective through quotas, import or export licences or other measures, shall be instituted or maintained by any contracting party on the importation of any product of the territory of any other contracting party or on the exportation or sale for export of any product destined for the territory of any other contracting party.
2. The provisions of paragraph 1 of this Article shall not extend to the following:
(a) Export prohibitions or restrictions temporarily applied to prevent or relieve critical shortages of foodstuffs or other products essential to the exporting contracting party;
(b) Import and export prohibitions or restrictions necessary to the application of standards or regulations for the classification, grading or marketing of commodities in international trade;
(c) Import restrictions on any agricultural or fisheries product, imported in any form,* necessary to the enforcement of governmental measures which operate:
(i) to restrict the quantities of the like domestic product permitted to be marketed or produced, or, if there is no substantial domestic production of the like product, of a domestic product for which the imported product can be directly substituted;  or
(ii) to remove a temporary surplus of the like domestic product, or, if there is no substantial domestic production of the like product, of a domestic product for which the imported product can be directly substituted, by making the surplus available to certain groups of domestic consumers free of charge or at prices below the current market level;  or
(iii) to restrict the quantities permitted to be produced of any animal product the production of which is directly dependent, wholly or mainly, on the imported commodity, if the domestic production of that commodity is relatively negligible.
Any contracting party applying restrictions on the importation of any product pursuant to subparagraph (c) of this paragraph shall give public notice of the total quantity or value of the product permitted to be imported during a specified future period and of any change in such quantity or value.  Moreover, any restrictions applied under (i) above shall not be such as will reduce the total of imports relative to the total of domestic production, as compared with the proportion which might reasonably be expected to rule between the two in the absence of restrictions.  In determining this proportion, the contracting party shall pay due regard to the proportion prevailing during a previous representative period and to any special factors* which may have affected or may be affecting the trade in the product concerned.
    第十一條  數(shù)量限制的一般取消
    1.任何締約國(guó)除征收稅捐或其它費(fèi)用以外,不得設(shè)立或維持配額、進(jìn)出口許可證或其它措施以限制或禁止其它締約國(guó)領(lǐng)土的產(chǎn)品的輸入,或向其它締約國(guó)領(lǐng)土輸出或銷(xiāo)售出口產(chǎn)品。
    2.本條第1款的規(guī)定不適用于:
    (甲)為防止或緩和輸出締約國(guó)的糧食或其它必需品的嚴(yán)重缺乏而臨時(shí)實(shí)施的禁止出口或限制進(jìn)出口;
    (乙)為實(shí)施國(guó)際貿(mào)易上商品分類(lèi)、分級(jí)和銷(xiāo)售的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及條例,而必需實(shí)施的禁止進(jìn)出口或限制進(jìn)出口;
    (丙)對(duì)任何形式的農(nóng)漁產(chǎn)品有必要實(shí)施的進(jìn)口限制,如果這種限制是為了貫徹:
    (1)限制相同國(guó)產(chǎn)品允許生產(chǎn)或銷(xiāo)售的數(shù)量,或者,相同國(guó)產(chǎn)品若是產(chǎn)量不大,限制能直接代替進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品的國(guó)產(chǎn)品的允許生產(chǎn)或銷(xiāo)售數(shù)量的政府措施;
    或
    (2)通過(guò)采用免費(fèi)或低于現(xiàn)行市場(chǎng)價(jià)格的辦法,將剩余品供國(guó)內(nèi)某些階層消費(fèi)以消除相同國(guó)產(chǎn)品的暫時(shí)過(guò)剩,或者,相同國(guó)產(chǎn)品若是產(chǎn)量不大,以消除能直接代替進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品的國(guó)產(chǎn)品的暫時(shí)過(guò)剩的政府措施;
    或
    (3)限制生產(chǎn)系全部或主要地直接依賴(lài)于進(jìn)口而國(guó)內(nèi)產(chǎn)量相對(duì)有限的動(dòng)物產(chǎn)品允許生產(chǎn)的數(shù)量的政府措施。
    締約國(guó)按照本款(丙)項(xiàng)對(duì)某項(xiàng)產(chǎn)品實(shí)施進(jìn)口限制時(shí),應(yīng)公布今后指定時(shí)期內(nèi)準(zhǔn)予進(jìn)口的產(chǎn)品的全部數(shù)量或價(jià)值以及可能的變動(dòng)。同時(shí),根據(jù)上述(1)項(xiàng)而實(shí)施的限制,不應(yīng)使產(chǎn)品的進(jìn)口總量與其國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總量間的比例,低于若不執(zhí)行限制可以合理預(yù)期達(dá)到的比例。締約國(guó)在確定這個(gè)比例時(shí),對(duì)前一有代表性的時(shí)期的比例以及可能曾經(jīng)影響或正在影響這個(gè)產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易的任何特殊因素,均應(yīng)給予適當(dāng)?shù)目紤]。
Article XII    Restrictions to Safeguard the Balance of Payments
1. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 1 of Article XI, any contracting party, in order to safeguard its external financial position and its balance of payments, may restrict the quantity or value of merchandise permitted to be imported, subject to the provisions of the following paragraphs of this Article.
2. (a) Import restrictions instituted, maintained or intensified by a contracting party under this Article shall not exceed those necessary:
(i) to forestall the imminent threat of, or to stop, a serious decline in its monetary reserves;  or
(ii) in the case of a contracting party with very low monetary reserves, to achieve a reasonable rate of increase in its reserves.
Due regard shall be paid in either case to any special factors which may be affecting the reserves of such contracting party or its need for reserves, including, where special external credits or other resources are available to it, the need to provide for the appropriate use of such credits or resources.
(b) Contracting parties applying restrictions under sub-paragraph (a) of this paragraph shall progressively relax them as such conditions improve, maintaining them only to the extent that the conditions specified in that sub-paragraph still justify their application.  They shall eliminate the restrictions when conditions would no longer justify their institution or maintenance under that subparagraph.
3. (a) Contracting parties undertake, in carrying out their domestic policies, to pay due regard to the need for maintaining or restoring equilibrium in their balance of payments on a sound and lasting basis and to the desirability of avoiding an uneconomic employment of productive resources.  They recognize that, in order to achieve these ends, it is desirable so far as possible to adopt measures which expand rather than contract international trade.
(b) Contracting parties applying restrictions under this Article may determine the incidence of the restrictions on imports of different products or classes of products in such a way as to give priority to the importation of those products which are more essential.
(c) Contracting parties applying restrictions under this Article undertake:
(i) to avoid unnecessary damage to the commercial or economic interests of any other contracting party;*
(ii) not to apply restrictions so as to prevent unreasonably the importation of any description of goods in minimum commercial quantities the exclusion of which would impair regular channels of trade;  and
(iii) not to apply restrictions which would prevent the importations of commercial samples or prevent compliance with patent, trade mark, copyright, or similar procedures.
(d) The contracting parties recognize that, as a result of domestic policies directed towards the achievement and maintenance of full and productive employment or towards the development of economic resources, a contracting party may experience a high level of demand for imports involving a threat to its monetary reserves of the sort referred to in paragraph 2 (a) of this Article.  Accordingly, a contracting party otherwise complying with the provisions of this Article shall not be required to withdraw or modify restrictions on the ground that a change in those policies would render unnecessary restrictions which it is applying under this Article.
4. (a) Any contracting party applying new restrictions or raising the general level of its existing restrictions by a substantial intensification of the measures applied under this Article shall immediately after instituting or intensifying such restrictions (or, in circumstances in which prior consultation is practicable, before doing so) consult with the CONTRACTING PARTIES as to the nature of its balance of payments difficulties, alternative corrective measures which may be available, and the possible effect of the restrictions on the economies of other contracting parties.
(b) On a date to be determined by them,* the CONTRACTING PARTIES shall review all restrictions still applied under this Article on that date. Beginning one year after that date, contracting parties applying import restrictions under this Article shall enter into consultations of the type provided for in subparagraph (a) of this paragraph with the CONTRACTING PARTIES annually.
(c) (i) If, in the course of consultations with a contracting party under subparagraph (a) or (b) above, the CONTRACTING PARTIES find that the restrictions are not consistent with provisions of this Article or with those of Article XIII (subject to the provisions of Article XIV), they shall indicate the nature of the inconsistency and may advise that the restrictions be suitably modified.
(ii) If, however, as a result of the consultations, the CONTRACTING PARTIES determine that the restrictions are being applied in a manner involving an inconsistency of a serious nature with the provisions of this Article or with those of Article XIII (subject to the provisions of Article XIV) and that damage to the trade of any contracting party is caused or threatened thereby, they shall so inform the contracting party applying the restrictions and shall make appropriate recommendations for securing conformity with such provisions within the specified period of time.  If such contracting party does not comply with these recommendations within the specified period, the CONTRACTING PARTIES may release any contracting party the trade of which is adversely affected by the restrictions from such obligations under this Agreement towards the contracting party applying the restrictions as they determine to be appropriate in the circumstances.
(d) The CONTRACTING PARTIES shall invite any contracting party which is applying restrictions under this Article to enter into consultations with them at the request of any contracting party which can establish a prima facie case that the restrictions are inconsistent with the provisions of this Article or with those of Article XIII (subject to the provisions of Article XIV) and that its trade is adversely affected thereby.  However, no such invitation shall be issued unless the CONTRACTING PARTIES have ascertained that direct discussions between the contracting parties concerned have not been successful.  If, as a result of the consultations with the CONTRACTING PARTIES, no agreement is reached and they determine that the restrictions are being applied inconsistently with such provisions, and that damage to the trade of the contracting party initiating the procedure is caused or threatened thereby, they shall recommend the withdrawal or modification of the restrictions.  If the restrictions are not withdrawn or modified within such time as the CONTRACTING PARTIES may prescribe, they may release the contracting party initiating the procedure from such obligations under this Agreement towards the contracting party applying the restrictions as they determine to be appropriate in the circumstances.
(e) In proceeding under this paragraph, the  CONTRACTING PARTIES shall have due regard to any special external factors adversely affecting the export trade of the contracting party applying the restrictions.*
(f) Determinations under this paragraph shall be rendered expeditiously and, if possible, within sixty days of the initiation of the consultations.
5. If there is a persistent and widespread application of import restrictions under this Article, indicating the existence of a general disequilibrium which is restricting international trade, the CONTRACTING PARTIES shall initiate discussions to consider whether other measures might be taken, either by those contracting parties the balance of payments of which are under pressure or by those the balance of payments of which are tending to be exceptionally favourable, or by any appropriate intergovernmental organization, to remove the underlying causes of the disequilibrium.  On the invitation of the CONTRACTING PARTIES, contracting parties shall participate in such discussions.
    第十二條  為保障國(guó)際收支而實(shí)施的限制
    1.雖有本協(xié)定第十一條第1款的規(guī)定,任何締約國(guó)為了保障其對(duì)外金融地位和國(guó)際收支,可以限制商品準(zhǔn)許進(jìn)口的數(shù)量或價(jià)值,但須遵守本條下述各款的規(guī)定。
    2.(甲)一締約國(guó)根據(jù)本條規(guī)定而建立、維持或加強(qiáng)的進(jìn)口限制,不得超過(guò):
    (1)為了預(yù)防貨幣儲(chǔ)備嚴(yán)重下降的迫切威脅或制止貨幣儲(chǔ)備嚴(yán)重下降所必需的程度;或
    (2)對(duì)貨幣儲(chǔ)備很低的締約國(guó),為了使儲(chǔ)備合理增長(zhǎng)所必需的程度。
    在以上兩種情況下,對(duì)可能正在影響這一締約國(guó)儲(chǔ)備或其對(duì)儲(chǔ)備的需要的任何特殊因素,包括在能夠得到特別國(guó)外信貸或其它資源的情況下,安排適當(dāng)使用這種信貸或資源的需要,都應(yīng)加以適當(dāng)考慮。
    (乙)締約各國(guó)根據(jù)本款(甲)項(xiàng)實(shí)施的限制,在情況改善時(shí)應(yīng)逐步予以放寬,只維持根據(jù)(甲)項(xiàng)所列情況認(rèn)為仍有必要實(shí)施的為限。如情況改變,已無(wú)必要建立或維持根據(jù)(甲)項(xiàng)實(shí)施的限制,就應(yīng)立即予以取消。
    3.(甲)締約各國(guó)在執(zhí)行國(guó)內(nèi)政策時(shí)承擔(dān)義務(wù):對(duì)維持或恢復(fù)各自的國(guó)際收支平衡于健全持久的基礎(chǔ)上的必要和避免生產(chǎn)資源的非經(jīng)濟(jì)使用的好處,予以適當(dāng)注意,締約各國(guó)認(rèn)為,要實(shí)現(xiàn)上述目標(biāo),最好盡可能采取措施擴(kuò)大而不是縮小國(guó)際貿(mào)易。
    (乙)按本條規(guī)定實(shí)施限制的締約各國(guó),可以對(duì)不同進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品或進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品的不同類(lèi)別確定不同程度的限制,使比較必需的產(chǎn)品能夠優(yōu)先進(jìn)口。
    (丙)按本條實(shí)施限制的締約各國(guó),承擔(dān)下列義務(wù):
    (1)對(duì)任何其它締約國(guó)的貿(mào)易或經(jīng)濟(jì)利益,避免造成不必要的損害;
    (2)實(shí)施的限制不無(wú)理地阻礙任何完全禁止其輸入即會(huì)損害正常貿(mào)易渠道的那種最低貿(mào)易數(shù)量的輸入;
    (3)實(shí)施的限制不阻礙商業(yè)貨樣的輸入或阻礙專(zhuān)利權(quán)、商標(biāo)、版權(quán)或類(lèi)似程序的遵守。
    (丁)締約各國(guó)認(rèn)為,由于實(shí)施某種旨在達(dá)成和維持有生產(chǎn)效率的充分就業(yè)和旨在發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)資源的國(guó)內(nèi)政策,一締約國(guó)可能出現(xiàn)高度的進(jìn)口需求,造成本條第2款(甲)項(xiàng)所述的那種對(duì)貨幣儲(chǔ)備的威脅。因此,對(duì)一個(gè)在其它方面都執(zhí)行本條規(guī)定的締約國(guó),不得以它的政策的改變使實(shí)施限制成為不必要的理由,而要求它撤銷(xiāo)或修改它根據(jù)本條實(shí)施的限制。
    4.(甲)建立新的限制或大幅度加強(qiáng)按本條實(shí)施的措施因而提高現(xiàn)行限制一般水平的任何締約國(guó),應(yīng)在建立或加強(qiáng)限制后(如能事前協(xié)商,則應(yīng)于建立或加強(qiáng)前),立即與締約國(guó)全體就自己國(guó)際收支困難的性質(zhì),可能采取的其它補(bǔ)救辦法以及這些限制對(duì)其它締約國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)可能造成的影響進(jìn)行協(xié)商。
    (乙)締約國(guó)全體應(yīng)在其確定的某一日期,檢查在哪一日期按本條規(guī)定仍在實(shí)施的一切限制,從那一日期后一年開(kāi)始,凡根據(jù)本條規(guī)定實(shí)施進(jìn)口限制的締約各國(guó),應(yīng)每年同締約國(guó)全體進(jìn)行本款(甲)項(xiàng)所規(guī)定的那種協(xié)商。
    (丙)(1)締約國(guó)全體在根據(jù)上述(甲)項(xiàng)或(乙)項(xiàng)規(guī)定同一締約國(guó)進(jìn)行協(xié)商的過(guò)程中,如判定實(shí)施的限制與本條或本協(xié)定第十三條(受本協(xié)定第十四條的限制)的規(guī)定不符,它們應(yīng)指出不符的性質(zhì),并可建議對(duì)限制作適當(dāng)?shù)男薷摹?
    (2)但是,如締約國(guó)全體經(jīng)協(xié)商后認(rèn)為,正在實(shí)施的限制嚴(yán)重地與本條或與本條規(guī)定第十三條(受本協(xié)定第十四條的限制)的規(guī)定不符,認(rèn)為它對(duì)另一締約國(guó)的貿(mào)易造成損害或構(gòu)成威脅,它們應(yīng)將這一情況通知實(shí)施限制的締約國(guó),并應(yīng)提出旨在使規(guī)定在一定限制內(nèi)得到遵守的適當(dāng)建議。如實(shí)施限制的締約國(guó)在規(guī)定限制內(nèi)不執(zhí)行這些建議,締約國(guó)全體認(rèn)為必要時(shí),可以解除貿(mào)易受到不利影響的那個(gè)締約國(guó)根據(jù)本協(xié)定對(duì)實(shí)施限制的締約國(guó)所承擔(dān)的義務(wù)。
    (丁)如一締約國(guó)有理由認(rèn)為另一締約國(guó)按本條實(shí)施的限制與本條或本規(guī)定第十三條(受本協(xié)定第十四條的限制)的規(guī)定不符,并認(rèn)為因此它的貿(mào)易受到不利的影響,經(jīng)這一締約國(guó)提出要求,締約國(guó)全體應(yīng)邀請(qǐng)實(shí)施限制的締約國(guó)與其進(jìn)行協(xié)商。締約國(guó)全體應(yīng)先查明,在這兩個(gè)締約國(guó)之間進(jìn)行了直接討論,未達(dá)成協(xié)議,才能發(fā)出這樣的邀請(qǐng)。經(jīng)與締約國(guó)全體協(xié)商如果仍不能達(dá)成協(xié)議而締約國(guó)全體又認(rèn)為正在實(shí)施與上述規(guī)定不符的限制,因而對(duì)提出這一程序的那個(gè)締約國(guó)的貿(mào)易造成損害或構(gòu)成威脅,則締約國(guó)全體應(yīng)建議撤銷(xiāo)或修改這項(xiàng)限制。如在締約國(guó)全體規(guī)定的限制內(nèi),并未撤銷(xiāo)或修改這項(xiàng)限制,締約國(guó)全體如果認(rèn)為必要,可以解除提出這一程序的那個(gè)締約國(guó)根據(jù)本協(xié)定所承擔(dān)的義務(wù)。
    (戊)按本款規(guī)定辦理時(shí),締約國(guó)全體應(yīng)適當(dāng)注意影響實(shí)施限制的締約國(guó)的出口貿(mào)易的任何不利的外部特別因素。
    (己)本款的決定,應(yīng)盡快實(shí)施,如果可能,應(yīng)在開(kāi)始協(xié)商后60天內(nèi)實(shí)施。
    5.如果須持久而廣泛地維持按本條實(shí)施的進(jìn)口限制,表明存在普遍的不平衡限制著國(guó)際貿(mào)易的發(fā)展,則締約國(guó)全體應(yīng)召開(kāi)會(huì)議來(lái)討論是否可由國(guó)際收支遭受壓力的締約國(guó),或由國(guó)際收支趨向非常有利的締約國(guó),或由適當(dāng)?shù)膰?guó)際機(jī)構(gòu),采取其它辦法以清除造成不平衡的內(nèi)在因素。如締約國(guó)全體發(fā)出這種邀請(qǐng),締約各國(guó)應(yīng)參加這種討論。
Article XIII    Non-discriminatory Administration of Quantitative Restrictions
1. No prohibition or restriction shall be applied by any contracting party on the importation of any product of the territory of any other contracting party or on the exportation of any product destined for the territory of any other contracting party, unless the importation of the like product of all third countries or the exportation of the like product to all third countries is similarly prohibited or restricted.
2. In applying import restrictions to any product, contracting parties shall aim at a distribution of trade in such product approaching as closely as possible the shares which the various contracting parties might be expected to obtain in the absence of such restrictions and to this end shall observe the following provisions:
(a) Wherever practicable, quotas representing the total amount of permitted imports (whether allocated among supplying countries or not) shall be fixed, and notice given of their amount in accordance with paragraph 3 (b) of this Article;
(b) In cases in which quotas are not practicable, the restrictions may be applied by means of import licences or permits without a quota;
(c) Contracting parties shall not, except for purposes of operating quotas allocated in accordance with subparagraph (d) of this paragraph, require that import licences or permits be utilized for the importation of the product concerned from a particular country or source;
(d) In cases in which a quota is allocated among supplying countries the contracting party applying the restrictions may seek agreement with respect to the allocation of shares in the quota with all other contracting parties having a substantial interest in supplying the product concerned.  In cases in which this method is not reasonably practicable, the contracting party concerned shall allot to contracting parties having a substantial interest in supplying the product shares based upon the proportions, supplied by such contracting parties during a previous representative period, of the total quantity or value of imports of the product, due account being taken of any special factors which may have affected or may be affecting the trade in the product.  No conditions or formalities shall be imposed which would prevent any contracting party from utilizing fully the share of any such total quantity or value which has been allotted to it, subject to importation being made within any prescribed period to which the quota may relate.*
3. (a) In cases in which import licences are issued in connection with import restrictions, the contracting party applying the restrictions shall provide, upon the request of any contracting party having an interest in the trade in the product concerned, all relevant information concerning the administration of the restrictions, the import licences granted over a recent period and the distribution of such licences among supplying countries;  Provided that there shall be no obligation to supply information as to the names of importing or supplying enterprises.
(b) In the case of import restrictions involving the fixing of quotas, the contracting party applying the restrictions shall give public notice of the total quantity or value of the product or products which will be permitted to be imported during a specified future period and of any change in such quantity or value.  Any supplies of the product in question which were en route at the time at which public notice was given shall not be excluded from entry;  Provided that they may be counted so far as practicable, against the quantity permitted to be imported in the period in question, and also, where necessary, against the quantities permitted to be imported in the next following period or periods;  and Provided further that if any contracting party customarily exempts from such restrictions products entered for consumption or withdrawn from warehouse for consumption during a period of thirty days after the day of such public notice, such practice shall be considered full compliance with this subparagraph.
(c) In the case of quotas allocated among supplying countries, the contracting party applying the restrictions shall promptly inform all other contracting parties having an interest in supplying the product concerned of the shares in the quota currently allocated, by quantity or value, to the various supplying countries and shall give public notice thereof.
4. With regard to restrictions applied in accordance with paragraph 2 (d) of this Article or under paragraph 2 (c) of Article XI, the selection of a representative period for any product and the appraisal of any special factors* affecting the trade in the product shall be made initially by the contracting party applying the restriction;  Provided that such contracting party shall, upon the request of any other contracting party having a substantial interest in supplying that product or upon the request of the CONTRACTING PARTIES, consult promptly with the other contracting party or the CONTRACTING PARTIES regarding the need for an adjustment of the proportion determined or of the base period selected, or for the reappraisal of the special factors involved, or for the elimination of conditions, formalities or any other provisions established unilaterally relating to the allocation of an adequate quota or its unrestricted utilization.
5. The provisions of this Article shall apply to any tariff quota instituted or maintained by any contracting party, and, in so far as applicable, the principles of this Article shall also extend to export restrictions.
    第十三條  非歧視地實(shí)施數(shù)量限制
    1.除非對(duì)所有第三國(guó)的相同產(chǎn)品的輸入或?qū)ο嗤a(chǎn)品向所有第三國(guó)的輸出同樣予以禁止或限制以外,任何締約國(guó)不得限制或禁止另一締約國(guó)領(lǐng)土的產(chǎn)品的輸入,也不得禁止或限制產(chǎn)品向另一締約國(guó)領(lǐng)土輸出。
    2.締約各國(guó)對(duì)任何產(chǎn)品實(shí)施進(jìn)口限制時(shí),應(yīng)旨在使這種產(chǎn)品的貿(mào)易的分配盡可能與如果沒(méi)有這種限制時(shí)其它締約各國(guó)預(yù)期可能得到的份額相接近;
    為此目的,締約各國(guó)應(yīng)遵守下列規(guī)定:
    (甲)在可能時(shí),應(yīng)固定準(zhǔn)許進(jìn)口的配額(不論是否在供應(yīng)國(guó)之間進(jìn)行分配),并應(yīng)按本條第3款(乙)項(xiàng)的規(guī)定,公告其數(shù)額;
    (乙)如不能采用配額辦法,可采用無(wú)配額的進(jìn)口許可證或進(jìn)口憑證方式實(shí)施限制;
    (丙)除為了按本款(丁)項(xiàng)分配配額以外,締約各國(guó)不得只規(guī)定從某一特定國(guó)家或來(lái)源輸入有關(guān)產(chǎn)品須用進(jìn)口許可證或進(jìn)口憑證;
    (丁)如果配額系在各供應(yīng)國(guó)之間進(jìn)行分配,實(shí)施限制的締約國(guó)可謀求與供應(yīng)有關(guān)產(chǎn)品有實(shí)質(zhì)利害關(guān)系的所有締約國(guó)就配額的分配達(dá)成協(xié)議。如果不能采用這種辦法,在考慮了可能已經(jīng)影響或正在影響有關(guān)產(chǎn)品的貿(mào)易的特殊因素的情況下,有關(guān)締約國(guó)應(yīng)根據(jù)前一代表時(shí)期供應(yīng)產(chǎn)品的締約國(guó)在這一產(chǎn)品進(jìn)口總量或總值中所占的比例,將份額分配給與供應(yīng)產(chǎn)品有實(shí)質(zhì)利害關(guān)系的國(guó)家。除這一份額應(yīng)予配額所定的限制內(nèi)進(jìn)口以外,有關(guān)締約國(guó)不得設(shè)立任何條件或手續(xù)來(lái)阻礙任何其它締約國(guó)充分利用其從這一總額或總值中所分得的份額。
    3.(甲)在為實(shí)施進(jìn)口限制簽發(fā)進(jìn)口許可證的情況下,如與某產(chǎn)品的貿(mào)易有利害關(guān)系的任何締約國(guó)提出要求,實(shí)施限制的締約國(guó)應(yīng)提供關(guān)于限制的管理,最近期間簽發(fā)的進(jìn)口許可證及其在各供應(yīng)國(guó)之間的分配情況的一切有關(guān)資料,但對(duì)進(jìn)口商或供應(yīng)商的名稱(chēng),應(yīng)不承擔(dān)提供資料的義務(wù)。
    (乙)在進(jìn)口限制采用固定配額的情況下,實(shí)施限制的締約國(guó)應(yīng)公布今后某一特定時(shí)期內(nèi)將要準(zhǔn)許進(jìn)口的產(chǎn)品總量或總值及其可能的變動(dòng)。在公布時(shí),有關(guān)產(chǎn)品的供應(yīng)如果已在運(yùn)輸途中的,應(yīng)不得拒絕其進(jìn)口;
    但是,可將它盡可能計(jì)算在本期的準(zhǔn)許進(jìn)口的數(shù)量以內(nèi),必要時(shí)也可以計(jì)算在下一期或下幾期的準(zhǔn)許進(jìn)口數(shù)量以內(nèi)。另外,任何締約國(guó)對(duì)在公告后30日內(nèi)為消費(fèi)而進(jìn)口的或?yàn)橄M(fèi)而從貨棧里提出的有關(guān)產(chǎn)品,如果按照慣例系免除這種限制,這種慣例應(yīng)視為完全符合本款的規(guī)定。
    (丙)當(dāng)配額系在各供應(yīng)國(guó)間進(jìn)行分配的情況下,實(shí)施限制的締約國(guó)應(yīng)將最近根據(jù)數(shù)量或價(jià)值分配給各供應(yīng)國(guó)的配額份額,迅速通知與供應(yīng)產(chǎn)品有利害關(guān)系的所有其它締約國(guó),并應(yīng)公告周知。
    4.關(guān)于按本條第2款(丁)項(xiàng)或本規(guī)定第十一條第2款(丙)項(xiàng)所實(shí)施的限制,應(yīng)首先由實(shí)施限制的締約國(guó)選擇產(chǎn)品的有代表性時(shí)期和估計(jì)影響產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易的任何特殊因素;但是,在與供應(yīng)這一產(chǎn)品有重大利害關(guān)系的任何締約國(guó)或締約國(guó)全體提出請(qǐng)求后,實(shí)施限制的締約國(guó)應(yīng)迅速與其它締約國(guó)或締約國(guó)全體協(xié)商,以斷定有無(wú)必要調(diào)整已確定的比例或選定的時(shí)期,或重新估計(jì)有關(guān)的特殊因素,或取消單方面建立的與相應(yīng)配額的分配或自由利用有關(guān)的這些條件、手續(xù)或其它規(guī)定。
    5.本條的規(guī)定應(yīng)適用于任何締約國(guó)建立或維持的關(guān)稅配額,而且本條的原則應(yīng)盡可能地適用于出口限制。
Article XIV    Exceptions to the Rule of Non-discrimination
1. A contracting party which applies restrictions under Article XII or under Section B of Article XVIII may, in the application of such restrictions, deviate from the provisions of Article XIII in a manner having equivalent effect to restrictions on payments and transfers for current international transactions which that contracting party may at that time apply under Article VIII or XIV of the Articles of Agreement of the International Monetary Fund, or under analogous provisions of a special exchange agreement entered into pursuant to paragraph 6 of Article XV.*
2. A contracting party which is applying import restrictions under Article XII or under Section B of Article XVIII may, with the consent of the CONTRACTING PARTIES, temporarily deviate from the provisions of Article XIII in respect of a small part of its external trade where the benefits to the contracting party or contracting parties concerned substantially outweigh any injury which may result to the trade of other contracting parties.*
3. The provisions of Article XIII shall not preclude a group of territories having a common quota in the International Monetary Fund from applying against imports from other countries, but not among themselves, restrictions in accordance with the provisions of Article XII or of Section B of Article XVIII on condition that such restrictions are in all other respects consistent with the provisions of Article XIII.
4. A contracting party applying import restrictions under Article XII or under Section B of Article XVIII shall not be precluded by Articles XI to XV or Section B of Article XVIII of this Agreement from applying measures to direct its exports in such a manner as to increase its earnings of currencies which it can use without deviation from the provisions of Article XIII.
5. A contracting party shall not be precluded by Articles XI to XV, inclusive, or by Section B of Article XVIII, of this Agreement from applying quantitative restrictions:
(a) having equivalent effect to exchange restrictions authorized under Section 3 (b) of Article VII of the Articles of Agreement of the International Monetary Fund, or
(b) under the preferential arrangements provided for in Annex A of this Agreement, pending the outcome of the negotiations referred to therein.
    第十四條  非歧視原則的例外
    1.按照本協(xié)定第十二條或第十八條第二節(jié)實(shí)施限制的一締約國(guó),可以在實(shí)施限制時(shí)背離本協(xié)定第十三條的規(guī)定,如果背離后對(duì)現(xiàn)行國(guó)際貿(mào)易的支付和轉(zhuǎn)讓所產(chǎn)生的效果,與這一締約國(guó)當(dāng)時(shí)按照國(guó)際貨幣基金第八條或第十四條的規(guī)定,或按照根據(jù)本協(xié)定第十五條第6款簽訂的特別外匯協(xié)定的類(lèi)似規(guī)定,實(shí)施的限制所產(chǎn)生的效果相同。
    2.經(jīng)締約國(guó)全體同意,按照本協(xié)定第十二條或第十八條第二節(jié)實(shí)施限制的一締約國(guó),可以對(duì)它的一小部分對(duì)外貿(mào)易暫時(shí)背離本協(xié)定第十三條的規(guī)定,如果這樣做后,對(duì)有關(guān)的一個(gè)締約國(guó)或幾個(gè)締約國(guó)造成的利益大大超過(guò)對(duì)其它締約國(guó)造成的損害。
    3.本協(xié)定第十三條的規(guī)定,并不阻止在國(guó)際貨幣基金中有共同配額的某些領(lǐng)土根據(jù)本協(xié)定第十二條或第十八條第二節(jié)的規(guī)定,限制來(lái)自其它國(guó)家的進(jìn)口,而不限制它們之間的相互進(jìn)口,如果這種限制在其它方面符合本協(xié)定第十三條的規(guī)定。
    4.本協(xié)定第十一條至第十五條或本協(xié)定第十八條第二節(jié)的規(guī)定,并不阻止按照本協(xié)定第十二條或按照本協(xié)定第十八條第二節(jié)實(shí)施限制的一締約國(guó)采取不違反本協(xié)定第十三條規(guī)定的措施以指導(dǎo)出口,增加外匯收入。
    5.本協(xié)定第十一條至第十五條或本協(xié)定第十八條第二節(jié)的規(guī)定,并不阻止一締約國(guó)實(shí)施:
    (甲)與國(guó)際貨幣基金協(xié)定第十七條允許實(shí)施的外匯限制有相同影響的數(shù)量限制;或
    (乙)在本協(xié)定附件一所稱(chēng)的談判取得結(jié)果以前,根據(jù)這一附件內(nèi)所列的優(yōu)惠安排而實(shí)施的數(shù)量限制。
Article XV    Exchange Arrangements
1. The CONTRACTING PARTIES shall seek co-operation with the International Monetary Fund to the end that the CONTRACTING PARTIES and the Fund may pursue a co-ordinated policy with regard to exchange questions within the jurisdiction of the Fund and questions of quantitative restrictions and other trade measures within the jurisdiction of the CONTRACTING PARTIES.
2. In all cases in which the CONTRACTING PARTIES are called upon to consider or deal with problems concerning monetary reserves, balances of payments or foreign exchange arrangements, they shall consult fully with the International Monetary Fund.  In such consultations, the CONTRACTING PARTIES shall accept all findings of statistical and other facts presented by the Fund relating to foreign exchange, monetary reserves and balances of payments, and shall accept the determination of the Fund as to whether action by a contracting party in exchange matters is in accordance with the Articles of Agreement of the International Monetary Fund, or with the terms of a special exchange agreement between that contracting party and the CONTRACTING PARTIES.  The CONTRACTING PARTIES in reaching their final decision in cases involving the criteria set forth in paragraph 2 (a) of Article XII or in paragraph 9 of Article XVIII, shall accept the determination of the Fund as to what constitutes a serious decline in the contracting party's monetary reserves, a very low level of its monetary reserves or a reasonable rate of increase in its monetary reserves, and as to the financial aspects of other matters covered in consultation in such cases.
3. The CONTRACTING PARTIES shall seek agreement with the Fund regarding procedures for consultation under paragraph 2 of this Article.
4. Contracting parties shall not, by exchange action, frustrate* the intent of the provisions of this Agreement, nor, by trade action, the intent of the provisions of the Articles of Agreement of the International Monetary Fund.
5. If the CONTRACTING PARTIES consider, at any time, that exchange restrictions on payments and transfers in connection with imports are being applied by a contracting party in a manner inconsistent with the exceptions provided for in this Agreement for quantitative restrictions, they shall report thereon to the Fund.
6. Any contracting party which is not a member of the Fund shall, within a time to be determined by the CONTRACTING PARTIES after consultation with the Fund, become a member of the Fund, or, failing that, enter into a special exchange agreement with the CONTRACTING PARTIES.  A contracting party which ceases to be a member of the Fund shall forthwith enter into a special exchange agreement with the CONTRACTING PARTIES.  Any special exchange agreement entered into by a contracting party under this paragraph shall thereupon become part of its obligations under this Agreement.
7. (a) A special exchange agreement between a contracting party and the CONTRACTING PARTIES under paragraph 6 of this Article shall provide to the satisfaction of the CONTRACTING PARTIES that the objectives of this Agreement will not be frustrated as a result of action in exchange matters by the contracting party in question.
(b) The terms of any such agreement shall not impose obligations on the contracting party in exchange matters generally more restrictive than those imposed by the Articles of Agreement of the International Monetary Fund on members of the Fund.
8. A contracting party which is not a member of the Fund shall furnish such information within the general scope of section 5 of Article VIII of the Articles of Agreement of the International Monetary Fund as the CONTRACTING PARTIES may require in order to carry out their functions under this Agreement.
9. Nothing in this Agreement shall preclude:
(a) the use by a contracting party of exchange controls or exchange restrictions in accordance with the Articles of Agreement of the International Monetary Fund or with that contracting party's special exchange agreement with the CONTRACTING PARTIES, or
(b) the use by a contracting party of restrictions or controls in imports or exports, the sole effect of which, additional to the effects permitted under Articles XI, XII, XIII and XIV, is to make effective such exchange controls or exchange restrictions.
    第十五條  外匯安排
    1.締約國(guó)全體應(yīng)謀求與國(guó)際貨幣基金合作,以便在基金所主管的外匯問(wèn)題和締約國(guó)全體所主管的數(shù)量限制或其它貿(mào)易措施方面,締約國(guó)全體與基金可以執(zhí)行一個(gè)協(xié)調(diào)的政策。
    2.締約國(guó)全體如果被請(qǐng)求考慮或處理有關(guān)貨幣儲(chǔ)備、國(guó)際收支或外匯安排的問(wèn)題,它們應(yīng)與國(guó)際貨幣基金進(jìn)行充分的協(xié)商。締約國(guó)全體在協(xié)商中應(yīng)接受基金提供的有關(guān)外匯、貨幣儲(chǔ)備或國(guó)際收支的一切統(tǒng)計(jì)或其它調(diào)查結(jié)果;
    對(duì)于一締約國(guó)在外匯問(wèn)題上采取的行動(dòng)是否符合國(guó)際貨幣基金協(xié)定的條款,是否符合這一締約國(guó)與締約國(guó)全體之間所簽訂的外匯特別協(xié)定的條件,締約國(guó)全體也應(yīng)接受基金的判定。締約國(guó)全體如需對(duì)涉及本協(xié)定第十二條第2款(甲)項(xiàng)或第十八條第9款所規(guī)定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的案件作出最后決定,對(duì)什么是一締約國(guó)貨幣儲(chǔ)備的嚴(yán)重下降,什么是一締約國(guó)的貨幣儲(chǔ)備很低,什么是一締約國(guó)貨幣儲(chǔ)備的合理增長(zhǎng),以及對(duì)協(xié)商中涉及的其它事項(xiàng)的財(cái)政方面,都應(yīng)接受基金的判定。
    3.締約國(guó)全體應(yīng)設(shè)法與基金就本條第2款所述協(xié)商的程序達(dá)成協(xié)議。
    4.締約各國(guó)不得以外匯方面的行動(dòng),來(lái)妨礙本協(xié)定各項(xiàng)規(guī)定的意圖的實(shí)現(xiàn),也不得以貿(mào)易方面的行動(dòng),妨礙國(guó)際貨幣基金規(guī)定各項(xiàng)規(guī)定的意圖的實(shí)現(xiàn)。
    5.如締約國(guó)全體認(rèn)為,某締約國(guó)現(xiàn)行的有關(guān)進(jìn)口貨物的支付和轉(zhuǎn)帳方面的外匯限制與本協(xié)定對(duì)數(shù)量限制所訂的例外規(guī)定不符,則締約國(guó)全體應(yīng)將這一情況向基金報(bào)告。
    6.凡不是國(guó)際貨幣基金成員國(guó)的締約國(guó),應(yīng)在締約國(guó)全體與基金商定的時(shí)限內(nèi),成為基金的成員國(guó);如不能做到這一點(diǎn),應(yīng)與締約國(guó)全體簽訂一個(gè)外匯特別協(xié)定。一締約國(guó)如果退出國(guó)際貨幣基金,應(yīng)立即與締約國(guó)全體簽訂一個(gè)外匯特別協(xié)定。一締約國(guó)根據(jù)本款與締約國(guó)全體簽訂的外匯特別協(xié)定,應(yīng)成為這一締約國(guó)對(duì)本協(xié)定所承擔(dān)的義務(wù)的組成部分。
    7.(甲)一締約國(guó)與締約國(guó)全體根據(jù)本條第六款簽訂的外匯特別協(xié)定,須有使締約國(guó)全體滿意的下述規(guī)定:這一締約國(guó)在外匯問(wèn)題上采取的行動(dòng),將不妨礙本協(xié)定的宗旨的實(shí)現(xiàn)。
    (乙)任何外匯特別協(xié)定的條款要求締約國(guó)在外匯問(wèn)題上所承擔(dān)的義務(wù),一般應(yīng)不嚴(yán)于國(guó)際貨幣基金協(xié)定的條款要求基金成員國(guó)所承擔(dān)的義務(wù)。
    8.不是國(guó)際貨幣基金成員的締約國(guó)應(yīng)向締約國(guó)全體提供其為執(zhí)行本協(xié)定規(guī)定的任務(wù)而需要的國(guó)際貨幣基金協(xié)定第八條第五節(jié)范圍內(nèi)的一般資料。
    9.本協(xié)定不妨礙:
    (甲)締約國(guó)實(shí)施與國(guó)際貨幣基金協(xié)定條款與締約國(guó)同締約國(guó)全體簽訂的外匯特別協(xié)定條款相符的外匯管制或外匯限制;
    或
    (乙)締約國(guó)對(duì)輸出、輸入實(shí)施某種除了產(chǎn)生本協(xié)定第十一條、第十二條、第十三條和第十四條所允許的影響以外,只是使外匯管制或外匯限制更加有效的限制或管制。
Article XVI    Subsidies
Section A - Subsidies in General
1. If any contracting party grants or maintains any subsidy, including any form of income or price support, which operates directly or indirectly to increase exports of any product from, or to reduce imports of any product into, its territory, it shall notify the CONTRACTING PARTIES in writing of the extent and nature of the subsidization, of the estimated effect of the subsidization on the quantity of the affected product or products imported into or exported from its territory and of the circumstances making the subsidization necessary.  In any case in which it is determined that serious prejudice to the interests of any other contracting party is caused or threatened by any such subsidizatio,n, the contracting party granting the subsidy shall, upon request, discuss with the other contracting party or parties concerned, or with the CONTRACTING PARTIES, the possibility of limiting the subsidization.
Section B - Additional Provisions on Export Subsidies*
2. The contracting parties recognize that the granting by a contracting party of a subsidy on the export of any product may have harmful effects for other contracting parties, both importing and exporting, may cause undue disturbance to their normal commercial interests, and may hinder the achievement of the objectives of this Agreement.
3. Accordingly, contracting parties should seek to avoid the use of subsidies on the export of primary products.  If, however, a contracting party grants directly or indirectly any form of subsidy which operates to increase the export of any primary product from its territory, such subsidy shall not be applied in a manner which results in that contracting party having more than an equitable share of world export trade in that product, account being taken of the shares of the contracting parties in such trade in the product during a previous representative period, and any special factors which may have affected or may be affecting such trade in the product.*
4. Further, as from 1 January 1958 or the earliest practicable date thereafter, contracting parties shall cease to grant either directly or indirectly any form of subsidy on the export of any product other than a primary product which subsidy results in the sale of such product for export at a price lower than the comparable price charged for the like product to buyers in the domestic market.  Until 31 December 1957 no contracting party shall extend the scope of any such subsidization beyond that existing on 1 January 1955 by the introduction of new, or the extension of existing, subsidies.*
5. The CONTRACTING PARTIES shall review the operation of the provisions of this Article from time to time with a view to examining its effectiveness, in the light of actual experience, in promoting the objectives of this Agreement and avoiding subsidization seriously prejudicial to the trade or interests of contracting parties.
    第十六條  補(bǔ)貼
    第一節(jié)  一般補(bǔ)貼
    1.任何締約國(guó)如果給予或維持任何補(bǔ)貼,包括任何形式的收入支持或價(jià)格支持在內(nèi),以直接或間接增加從它的領(lǐng)土輸出某種產(chǎn)品或減少向它的領(lǐng)土輸入某種產(chǎn)品,它應(yīng)將這項(xiàng)補(bǔ)貼的性質(zhì)和范圍、這項(xiàng)補(bǔ)貼對(duì)輸出、輸入的產(chǎn)品數(shù)量預(yù)計(jì)可能產(chǎn)生的影響以及這項(xiàng)補(bǔ)貼的必要性,書(shū)面通知締約國(guó)全體。如這項(xiàng)補(bǔ)貼經(jīng)判定對(duì)另一締約國(guó)的利益造成重大損害或產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重威脅,給予補(bǔ)貼的締約國(guó),應(yīng)在接到要求后與有關(guān)的其它締約國(guó)或締約國(guó)全體討論限制這項(xiàng)補(bǔ)貼的可能性。第二節(jié)對(duì)出口補(bǔ)貼的附加規(guī)定
    2.締約各國(guó)認(rèn)為,一締約國(guó)對(duì)某一出口產(chǎn)品給予補(bǔ)貼,可能既對(duì)進(jìn)口的其它締約國(guó),又對(duì)出口的其它締約國(guó)造成有害的影響,對(duì)它們的正常貿(mào)易造成不適當(dāng)?shù)母蓴_,并阻礙本協(xié)定的目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)。
    3.因此,締約各國(guó)應(yīng)力求避免對(duì)初級(jí)產(chǎn)品的輸出實(shí)施補(bǔ)貼。但是,如一締約國(guó)直接或間接給予某種補(bǔ)貼以求增加從它的領(lǐng)土輸出某種初級(jí)產(chǎn)品,則這一締約國(guó)在實(shí)施補(bǔ)貼時(shí)不應(yīng)使它自己在這一產(chǎn)品的世界出口貿(mào)易中占有不合理的份額,適當(dāng)注意前一有代表性時(shí)期締約各國(guó)在這種產(chǎn)品的貿(mào)易中所占的份額及已經(jīng)影響或可能正在影響這種產(chǎn)品的貿(mào)易的特殊因素。
    4.另外,從1958年1月1日或其后可能的盡早的日期起,對(duì)初級(jí)產(chǎn)品以外的任何產(chǎn)品,締約各國(guó)不應(yīng)再直接或間接給予使這種產(chǎn)品的輸出售價(jià)低于同樣產(chǎn)品在國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)出售時(shí)的可比價(jià)格的任何形式的補(bǔ)貼。在1957年12月31日以前,任何締約國(guó)不得用實(shí)施新的補(bǔ)貼或擴(kuò)大現(xiàn)有補(bǔ)貼的辦法,使前述補(bǔ)貼超出1955年1月1日所實(shí)施的范圍。
    5.締約各國(guó)應(yīng)根據(jù)實(shí)際的經(jīng)驗(yàn)隨時(shí)檢查本條規(guī)定的執(zhí)行情況,以了解本條規(guī)定在促進(jìn)本協(xié)定目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)以及避免補(bǔ)貼對(duì)締約各國(guó)的貿(mào)易和利益造成嚴(yán)重?fù)p害方面是否有效。
Article XVII    State Trading Enterprises
1. (a) Each contracting party undertakes that if it establishes or maintains a State enterprise, wherever located, or grants to any enterprise, formally or in effect, exclusive or special privileges,* such enterprise shall, in its purchases or sales involving either imports or exports, act in a manner consistent with the general principles of non-discriminatory treatment prescribed in this Agreement for governmental measures affecting imports or exports by private traders.
(b) The provisions of subparagraph (a) of this paragraph shall be understood to require that such enterprises shall, having due regard to the other provisions of this Agreement, make any such purchases or sales solely in accordance with commercial considerations,* including price, quality, availability, marketability, transportation and other conditions of purchase or sale, and shall afford the enterprises of the other contracting parties adequate opportunity, in accordance with customary business practice, to compete for participation in such purchases or sales.
(c) No contracting party shall prevent any enterprise (whether or not an enterprise described in subparagraph (a) of this paragraph) under its jurisdiction from acting in accordance with the principles of subparagraphs (a) and (b) of this paragraph.
2. The provisions of paragraph 1 of this Article shall not apply to imports of products for immediate or ultimate consumption in governmental use and not otherwise for resale or use in the production of goods* for sale.   With respect to such imports, each contracting party shall accord to the trade of the other contracting parties fair and equitable treatment.
3. The contracting parties recognize that enterprises of the kind described in paragraph 1 (a) of this Article might be operated so as to create serious obstacles to trade;  thus negotiations on a reciprocal and mutually advantageous basis designed to limit or reduce such obstacles are of importance to the expansion of international trade.*
4. (a) Contracting parties shall notify the CONTRACTING PARTIES of the products which are imported into or exported from their territories by enterprises of the kind described in paragraph 1 (a) of this Article.
(b) A contracting party establishing, maintaining or authorizing an import monopoly of a product, which is not the subject of a concession under Article II, shall, on the request of another contracting party having a substantial trade in the product concerned, inform the CONTRACTING PARTIES of the import mark-up* on the product during a recent representative period, or, when it is not possible to do so, of the price charged on the resale of the product.
(c) The CONTRACTING PARTIES may, at the request of a contracting party which has reason to believe that its interest under this Agreement are being adversely affected by the operations of an enterprise of the kind described in paragraph 1 (a), request the contracting party establishing, maintaining or authorizing such enterprise to supply information about its operations related to the carrying out of the provisions of this Agreement.
(d) The provisions of this paragraph shall not require any contracting party to disclose confidential information which would impede law enforcement or otherwise be contrary to the public interest or would prejudice the legitimate commercial interests of particular enterprises.
    第十七條  國(guó)營(yíng)貿(mào)易企業(yè)
    1.(甲)締約各國(guó)保證:當(dāng)它建立或維持一個(gè)國(guó)營(yíng)企業(yè)(不論位于何處),或?qū)σ粋(gè)企業(yè)正式或事實(shí)上給予獨(dú)占權(quán)或特權(quán)時(shí),這種企業(yè)在其有關(guān)進(jìn)口或出口的購(gòu)買(mǎi)和銷(xiāo)售方面,應(yīng)按本協(xié)定中關(guān)于影響私商進(jìn)出口貨物的政府措施所規(guī)定的非歧視待遇的一般原則辦理。
    (乙)本款(甲)項(xiàng)的規(guī)定應(yīng)理解為要求國(guó)營(yíng)企業(yè),在購(gòu)買(mǎi)或銷(xiāo)售時(shí)除適當(dāng)注意本協(xié)定的其它規(guī)定外,應(yīng)只以商業(yè)上的考慮(包括價(jià)格、質(zhì)量、貨源多少、推銷(xiāo)難易、運(yùn)輸和其它購(gòu)銷(xiāo)條件)作為根據(jù),并根據(jù)商業(yè)上的慣例對(duì)其它締約國(guó)提供參與這次購(gòu)買(mǎi)或銷(xiāo)售的適當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)機(jī)會(huì)。
    (丙)一締約國(guó)不得阻止其所管轄下的企業(yè)〔不論是否本款(甲)項(xiàng)所述企業(yè)〕實(shí)施本款(甲)項(xiàng)和(乙)項(xiàng)規(guī)定的原則。
    2.本條第1款的規(guī)定不適用于政府為目前或今后公用非為出售或生產(chǎn)供銷(xiāo)售的商品而進(jìn)口的產(chǎn)品。每一締約國(guó)應(yīng)對(duì)其它締約國(guó)輸入貨物的貿(mào)易給予公平合理的待遇。
    3.締約各國(guó)認(rèn)為,本條第1款(甲)項(xiàng)所述企業(yè)可能對(duì)貿(mào)易造成嚴(yán)重?fù)p害,因此,在互惠互利的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行談判以限制或減少這種損害,對(duì)國(guó)際貿(mào)易的擴(kuò)展是重要的。
    4.(甲)締約各國(guó)應(yīng)將本條第1款(甲)項(xiàng)所述企業(yè)輸入到它們的領(lǐng)土或從它們的領(lǐng)土輸出的產(chǎn)品通知締約國(guó)全體。
    (乙)締約國(guó)如果對(duì)本協(xié)定第二條減讓范圍以外的某一產(chǎn)品建立、維持或授權(quán)實(shí)施進(jìn)口壟斷,在對(duì)這一產(chǎn)品有大量貿(mào)易的另一締約國(guó)提出請(qǐng)求后,它應(yīng)將最近有代表性時(shí)期內(nèi)產(chǎn)品的進(jìn)口加價(jià),或者(如不能辦到的話)將產(chǎn)品的轉(zhuǎn)售價(jià)格,通知締約國(guó)全體。
    (丙)當(dāng)一締約國(guó)有理由認(rèn)為,它按本協(xié)定可享受的利益由于本款(甲)項(xiàng)所述企業(yè)的活動(dòng)正在受到損害,它可以向締約國(guó)全體提出請(qǐng)求,締約國(guó)全體可以據(jù)此要求建立、維持或授權(quán)建立這種企業(yè)的那個(gè)締約國(guó),就其執(zhí)行本協(xié)定的情況提供資料。
    (丁)本款不要求締約國(guó)公布那些妨礙法令貫徹執(zhí)行或在其它方面有損于公共利益或?qū)δ尘唧w企業(yè)正當(dāng)商業(yè)利益會(huì)造成損害的機(jī)密資料。
Article XVIII    Governmental Assistance to Economic Development
1. The contracting parties recognize that the attainment of the objectives of this Agreement will be facilitated by the progressive development of their economies, particularly of those contracting parties the economies of which can only support low standards of living* and are in the early stages of development.*
2. The contracting parties recognize further that it may be necessary for those contracting parties, in order to implement programmes and policies of economic development designed to raise the general standard of living of their people, to take protective or other measures affecting imports, and that such measures are justified in so far as they facilitate the attainment of the objectives of this Agreement.  They agree, therefore, that those contracting parties should enjoy additional facilities to enable them (a) to maintain sufficient flexibility in their tariff structure to be able to grant the tariff protection required for the establishment of a particular industry* and (b) to apply quantitative restrictions for balance of payments purposes in a manner which takes full account of the continued high level of demand for imports likely to be generated by their programmes of economic development.
3. The contracting parties recognize finally that, with those additional facilities which are provided for in Sections A and B of this Article, the provisions of this Agreement would normally be sufficient to enable contracting parties to meet the requirements of their economic development. They agree, however, that there may be circumstances where no measure consistent with those provisions is practicable to permit a contracting party in the process of economic development to grant the governmental assistance required to promote the establishment of particular industries* with a view to raising the general standard of living of its people. Special procedures are laid down in Sections C and D of this Article to deal with those cases.
4. (a) Consequently, a contracting party, the economy of which can only support low standards of living* and is in the early stages of development,* shall be free to deviate temporarily from the provisions of the other Articles of this Agreement, as provided in Sections A, B and C of this Article.
(b) A contracting party, the economy of which is in the process of development, but which does not come within the scope of subparagraph (a) above, may submit applications to the CONTRACTING PARTIES under Section D of this Article.
5. The contracting parties recognize that the export earnings of contracting parties, the economies of which are of the type described in paragraph 4 (a) and (b) above and which depend on exports of a small number of primary commodities, may be seriously reduced by a decline in the sale of such commodities.  Accordingly, when the exports of primary commodities by such a contracting party are seriously affected by measures taken by another contracting party, it may have resort to the consultation provisions of Article XXII of this Agreement.
6. The CONTRACTING PARTIES shall review annually all measures applied pursuant to the provisions of Sections C and D of this Article.
Section A
7. (a) If a contracting party coming within the scope of paragraph 4 (a) of this Article considers it desirable, in order to promote the establishment of a particular industry* with a view to raising the general standard of living of its people, to modify or withdraw a concession included in the appropriate Schedule annexed to this Agreement, it shall notify the CONTRACTING PARTIES to this effect and enter into negotiations with any contracting party with which such concession was initially negotiated, and with any other contracting party determined by the CONTRACTING PARTIES to have a substantial interest therein.  If agreement is reached between such contracting parties concerned, they shall be free to modify or withdraw concessions under the appropriate Schedules to this Agreement in order to give effect to such agreement, including any compensatory adjustments involved.
(b) If agreement is not reached within sixty days after the notification provided for in subparagraph (a) above, the contracting party which proposes to modify or withdraw the concession may refer the matter to the CONTRACTING PARTIES which shall promptly examine it.  If they find that the contracting party which proposes to modify or withdraw the concession has made every effort to reach an agreement and that the compensatory adjustment offered by it is adequate, that contracting party shall be free to modify or withdraw the concession if, at the same time, it gives effect to the compensatory adjustment.  If the CONTRACTING PARTIES do not find that the compensation offered by a contracting party proposing to modify or withdraw the concession is adequate, but find that it has made every reasonable effort to offer adequate compensation, that contracting party shall be free to proceed with such modification or withdrawal.  If such action is taken, any other contracting party referred to in subparagraph (a) above shall be free to modify or withdraw substantially equivalent concessions initially negotiated with the contracting party which has taken the action.*
Section B
8. The contracting parties recognize that contracting parties coming within the scope of paragraph 4 (a) of this Article tend, when they are in rapid process of development, to experience balance of payments difficulties arising mainly from efforts to expand their internal markets as well as from the instability in their terms of trade.
9. In order to safeguard its external financial position and to ensure a level of reserves adequate for the implementation of its programme of economic development, a contracting party coming within the scope of paragraph 4 (a) of this Article may, subject to the provisions of paragraphs 10 to 12, control the general level of its imports by restricting the quantity or value of merchandise permitted to be imported;  Provided that the import restrictions instituted, maintained or intensified shall not exceed those necessary:
(a) to forestall the threat of, or to stop, a serious decline in its monetary reserves, or
(b) in the case of a contracting party with inadequate monetary reserves, to achieve a reasonable rate of increase in its reserves.
Due regard shall be paid in either case to any special factors which may be affecting the reserves of the contracting party or its need for reserves, including, where special external credits or other resources are available to it, the need to provide for the appropriate use of such credits or resources.
10. In applying these restrictions, the contracting party may determine their incidence on imports of different products or classes of products in such a way as to give priority to the importation of those products which are more essential in the light of its policy of economic development;  Provided that the restrictions are so applied as to avoid unnecessary damage to the commercial or economic interests of any other contracting party and not to prevent unreasonably the importation of any description of goods in minimum commercial quantities the exclusion of which would impair regular channels of trade;  and Provided further that the restrictions are not so applied as to prevent the importation of commercial samples or to prevent compliance with patent, trade mark, copyright or similar procedures.
11. In carrying out its domestic policies, the contracting party concerned shall pay due regard to the need for restoring equilibrium in its balance of payments on a sound and lasting basis and to the desirability of assuring an economic employment of productive resources.  It shall progressively relax any restrictions applied under this Section as conditions improve, maintaining them only to the extent necessary under the terms of paragraph 9 of this Article and shall eliminate them when conditions no longer justify such maintenance;  Provided that no contracting party shall be required to withdraw or modify restrictions on the ground that a change in its development policy would render unnecessary the restrictions which it is applying under this Section.*
12. (a) Any contracting party applying new restrictions or raising the general level of its existing restrictions by a substantial intensification of the measures applied under this Section, shall immediately after instituting or intensifying such restrictions (or, in circumstances in which prior consultation is practicable, before doing so) consult with the CONTRACTING PARTIES as to the nature of its balance of payments difficulties, alternative corrective measures which may be available, and the possible effect of the restrictions on the economies of other contracting parties.
(b) On a date to be determined by them* the CONTRACTING PARTIES shall review all restrictions still applied under this Section on that date.  Beginning two years after that date, contracting parties applying restrictions under this Section shall enter into consultations of the type provided for in subparagraph (a) above with the CONTRACTING PARTIES at intervals of approximately, but not less than, two years according to a programme to be drawn up each year by the CONTRACTING PARTIES;  Provided that no consultation under this subparagraph shall take place within two years after the conclusion of a consultation of a general nature under any other provision of this paragraph.
(c) (i) If, in the course of consultations with a contracting party under subparagraph (a) or (b) of this paragraph, the CONTRACTING PARTIES find that the restrictions are not consistent with the provisions of this Section or with those of Article XIII (subject to the provisions of Article XIV), they shall indicate the nature of the inconsistency and may advise that the restrictions be suitably modified.
(ii) If, however, as a result of the consultations, the CONTRACTING PARTIES determine that the restrictions are being applied in a manner involving an inconsistency of a serious nature with the provisions of this Section or with those of Article XIII (subject to the provisions of Article XIV) and that damage to the trade of any contracting party is caused or threatened thereby, they shall so inform the contracting party applying the restrictions and shall make appropriate recommendations for securing conformity with such provisions within a specified period.  If such contracting party does not comply with these recommendations within the specified period, the CONTRACTING PARTIES may release any contracting party the trade of which is adversely affected by the restrictions from such obligations under this Agreement towards the contracting party applying the restrictions as they determine to be appropriate in the circumstances.
(d) The CONTRACTING PARTIES shall invite any contracting party which is applying restrictions under this Section to enter into consultations with them at the request of any contracting party which can establish a prima facie case that the restrictions are inconsistent with the provisions of this Section or with those of Article XIII (subject to the provisions of Article XIV) and that its trade is adversely affected thereby.  However, no such invitation shall be issued unless the CONTRACTING PARTIES have ascertained that direct discussions between the contracting parties concerned have not been successful.  If, as a result of the consultations with the CONTRACTING PARTIES no agreement is reached and they determine that the restrictions are being applied inconsistently with such provisions, and that damage to the trade of the contracting party initiating the procedure is caused or threatened thereby, they shall recommend the withdrawal or modification of the restrictions.  If the restrictions are not withdrawn or modified within such time as the CONTRACTING PARTIES may prescribe, they may release the contracting party initiating the procedure from such obligations under this Agreement towards the contracting party applying the restrictions as they determine to be appropriate in the circumstances.
(e) If a contracting party against which action has been taken in accordance with the last sentence of subparagraph (c) (ii) or (d) of this paragraph, finds that the release of obligations authorized by the CONTRACTING PARTIES adversely affects the operation of its programme and policy of economic development, it shall be free, not later than sixty days after such action is taken, to give written notice to the Executive Secretary   to the Contracting Parties of its intention to withdraw from this Agreement and such withdrawal shall take effect on the sixtieth day following the day on which the notice is received by him.
(f) In proceeding under this paragraph, the CONTRACTING PARTIES shall have due regard to the factors referred to in paragraph 2 of this Article.  Determinations under this paragraph shall be rendered expeditiously and, if possible, within sixty days of the initiation of the consultations.
Section C
13.  If a contracting party coming within the scope of paragraph 4 (a) of this Article finds that governmental assistance is required to promote the establishment of a particular industry* with a view to raising the general standard of living of its people, but that no measure consistent with the other provisions of this Agreement is practicable to achieve that objective, it may have recourse to the provisions and procedures set out in this Section.*
14. The contracting party concerned shall notify the CONTRACTING PARTIES of the special difficulties which it meets in the achievement of the objective outlined in paragraph 13 of this Article and shall indicate the specific measure affecting imports which it proposes to introduce in order to remedy these difficulties.  It shall not introduce that measure before the expiration of the time-limit laid down in paragraph 15 or 17, as the case may be, or if the measure affects imports of a product which is the subject of a concession included in the appropriate Schedule annexed to this Agreement, unless it has secured the concurrence of the CONTRACTING PARTIES in accordance with provisions of paragraph 18;  Provided that, if the industry receiving assistance has already started production, the contracting party may, after informing the CONTRACTING PARTIES, take such measures as may be necessary to prevent, during that period, imports of the product or products concerned from increasing substantially above a normal level.*
15. If, within thirty days of the notification of the measure, the CONTRACTING PARTIES do not request the contracting party concerned to consult with them,* that contracting party shall be free to deviate from the relevant provisions of the other Articles of this Agreement to the extent necessary to apply the proposed measure.
16. If it is requested by the CONTRACTING PARTIES to do so, *the contracting party concerned shall consult with them as to the purpose of the proposed measure, as to alternative measures which may be available under this Agreement, and as to the possible effect of the measure proposed on the commercial and economic interests of other contracting parties.  If, as a result of such consultation, the CONTRACTING PARTIES agree that there is no measure consistent with the other provisions of this Agreement which is practicable in order to achieve the objective outlined in paragraph 13 of this Article, and concur* in the proposed measure, the contracting party concerned shall be released from its obligations under the relevant provisions of the other Articles of this Agreement to the extent necessary to apply that measure.
17. If, within ninety days after the date of the notification of the proposed measure under paragraph 14 of this Article, the CONTRACTING PARTIES have not concurred in such measure, the contracting party concerned may introduce the measure proposed after informing the CONTRACTING PARTIES.
18. If the proposed measure affects a product which is the subject of a concession included in the appropriate Schedule annexed to this Agreement, the contracting party concerned shall enter into consultations with any other contracting party with which the concession was initially negotiated, and with any other contracting party determined by the CONTRACTING PARTIES to have a substantial interest therein.  The CONTRACTING PARTIES shall concur* in the measure if they agree that there is no measure consistent with the other provisions of this Agreement which is practicable in order to achieve the objective set forth in paragraph 13 of this Article, and if they are satisfied:
(a) that agreement has been reached with such other contracting parties as a result of the consultations referred to above, or
(b) if no such agreement has been reached within sixty days after the notification provided for in paragraph 14 has been received by the CONTRACTING PARTIES, that the contracting party having recourse to this Section has made all reasonable efforts to reach an agreement and that the interests of other contracting parties are adequately safeguarded.*
The contracting party having recourse to this Section shall thereupon be released from its obligations under the relevant provisions of the other Articles of this Agreement to the extent necessary to permit it to apply the measure.
19. If a proposed measure of the type described in paragraph 13 of this Article concerns an industry the establishment of which has in the initial period been facilitated by incidental protection afforded by restrictions imposed by the contracting party concerned for balance of payments purposes under the relevant provisions of this Agreement, that contracting party may resort to the provisions and procedures of this Section;  Provided that it shall not apply the proposed measure without the concurrence* of the CONTRACTING PARTIES.*
20. Nothing in the preceding paragraphs of this Section shall authorize any deviation from the provisions of Articles I, II and XIII of this Agreement.  The provisos to paragraph 10 of this Article shall also be applicable to any restriction under this Section.
21. At any time while a measure is being applied under paragraph 17 of this Article any contracting party substantially affected by it may suspend the application to the trade of the contracting party having recourse to this Section of such substantially equivalent concessions or other obligations under this Agreement the suspension of which the CONTRACTING PARTIES do not disapprove;* Provided that sixty days' notice of such suspension is given to the CONTRACTING PARTIES not later than six months after the measure has been introduced or changed substantially to the detriment of the contracting party affected.  Any such contracting party shall afford adequate opportunity for consultation in accordance with the provisions of Article XXII of this Agreement.
Section D
22. A contracting party coming within the scope of subparagraph 4 (b) of this Article desiring, in the interest of the development of its economy, to introduce a measure of the type described in paragraph 13 of this Article in respect of the establishment of a particular industry* may apply to the CONTRACTING PARTIES for approval of such measure.  The CONTRACTING PARTIES shall promptly consult with such contracting party and shall, in making their decision, be guided by the considerations set out in paragraph 16.  If the CONTRACTING PARTIES concur* in the proposed measure the contracting party concerned shall be released from its obligations under the relevant provisions of the other Articles of this Agreement to the extent necessary to permit it to apply the measure.  If the proposed measure affects a product which is the subject of a concession included in the appropriate Schedule annexed to this Agreement, the provisions of paragraph 18 shall apply.*
23. Any measure applied under this Section shall comply with the provisions of paragraph 20 of this Article.
    第十八條  政府對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的援助
    1.締約各國(guó)認(rèn)為,締約各國(guó),特別是那些只能維持生活水平處在發(fā)展初級(jí)階段的締約國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)的逐步增長(zhǎng),將有助于實(shí)現(xiàn)本協(xié)定的宗旨。
    2.締約各國(guó)還認(rèn)為,為了實(shí)施目的在于提高人民一般生活水平的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展計(jì)劃和政策,這些締約國(guó)可能有必要采取影響進(jìn)口的保護(hù)措施或其它措施,而且,只要這些措施有助于實(shí)現(xiàn)本協(xié)定的宗旨,它們就有存在的理由。因此,締約各國(guó)同意,這些締約國(guó)應(yīng)該享受額外的便利,使它們(甲)在關(guān)稅結(jié)構(gòu)方面能夠保持足夠的彈性,得為某一特定工業(yè)的建立提供需要的關(guān)稅保護(hù);
    (乙)在充分考慮它們的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展計(jì)劃可能造成的持續(xù)高水平的進(jìn)口需求的條件下,能夠?yàn)閲?guó)際收支目的而實(shí)施數(shù)量限制。
    3.最后,締約各國(guó)認(rèn)為,有了本條第一節(jié)和第二節(jié)規(guī)定的額外便利,本協(xié)定的規(guī)定在正常情況下將能足夠滿足締約各國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的需要。但是,締約各國(guó)同意,可能有一些找不到符合上述規(guī)定措施的情況。在這種情況下,一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)處在發(fā)展階段的締約國(guó)政府,就不能為了提高人民生活的一般水平,而對(duì)某些特定工業(yè)的加速建立提供必需的援助。為了處理這些情況,本條第三節(jié)和第四節(jié)規(guī)定了特別程序。
    4.(甲)因此,凡是只能維持低生活水平、經(jīng)濟(jì)處在發(fā)展初期階段的締約國(guó),有權(quán)按本條第一節(jié)、第二節(jié)和第三節(jié)暫時(shí)背離本協(xié)定其它各條的規(guī)定。
    (乙)凡是經(jīng)濟(jì)處在發(fā)展階段,但又不屬于上述(甲)項(xiàng)規(guī)定范圍的締約國(guó),可以根據(jù)本條第四節(jié)的規(guī)定向締約國(guó)全體提出申請(qǐng)。
    5.締約各國(guó)認(rèn)為,經(jīng)濟(jì)屬于上面第4款(甲)項(xiàng)和(乙)項(xiàng)所述類(lèi)型并依賴(lài)少數(shù)初級(jí)產(chǎn)品出口的締約國(guó)的出口收入,會(huì)因這些產(chǎn)品銷(xiāo)售的下降而嚴(yán)重減少。因此,當(dāng)這種締約國(guó)的初級(jí)產(chǎn)品的出口受到另一締約國(guó)所采取的措施的嚴(yán)重影響時(shí),它可以引用本協(xié)定第二十二條規(guī)定的協(xié)商程序。
    6.締約國(guó)全體應(yīng)每年檢查按本條第三節(jié)和第四節(jié)而實(shí)施的一切措施。
    第一節(jié)  
    7.(甲)如果本條第4款(甲)項(xiàng)規(guī)定范圍內(nèi)的一締約國(guó)為了加速某一特定工業(yè)的建立以提高人民的一般生活水平,認(rèn)為有必要修改或撤銷(xiāo)本協(xié)定有關(guān)減讓表中所列的某項(xiàng)減讓,它應(yīng)將上述情況通知締約國(guó)全體,并應(yīng)與原來(lái)跟它談判減讓的任何締約國(guó)和締約國(guó)全體認(rèn)為對(duì)此有實(shí)質(zhì)利害關(guān)系的任何其它締約國(guó)進(jìn)行談判。如在這些有關(guān)的締約國(guó)之間能夠達(dá)成協(xié)議,這些締約國(guó)為了能將達(dá)成的協(xié)議付諸實(shí)施,應(yīng)有權(quán)對(duì)本協(xié)定有關(guān)減讓表中所列的減讓,包括有關(guān)的補(bǔ)償性調(diào)整在內(nèi),加以修改或撤銷(xiāo)。
    (乙)如在上述(甲)項(xiàng)規(guī)定的通知發(fā)出以后60天內(nèi)不能達(dá)成協(xié)議,則建議修改或撤銷(xiāo)減讓的締約國(guó)可將這個(gè)問(wèn)題提交締約國(guó)全體,締約國(guó)全體應(yīng)迅速加以研究。如締約國(guó)全體認(rèn)為,建議修改或撤銷(xiāo)減讓的締約國(guó)為了達(dá)成協(xié)議已盡了一切努力,而且它所提供的補(bǔ)償性調(diào)整也是適當(dāng)?shù)?則這一締約國(guó),只要它同時(shí)準(zhǔn)備將補(bǔ)償性調(diào)整付諸實(shí)施,可以修改或撤銷(xiāo)減讓。如締約國(guó)全體認(rèn)為,建議修改或撤銷(xiāo)減讓的締約國(guó)所提供的補(bǔ)償性調(diào)整是不適當(dāng)?shù)?但它已為提供適當(dāng)?shù)难a(bǔ)償作了一切合理的努力,則這一締約國(guó)可以繼續(xù)這種修改或撤銷(xiāo)。它如果采取這項(xiàng)行動(dòng),上述(甲)項(xiàng)規(guī)定中所述的任何其它締約國(guó),可以對(duì)原與它談判達(dá)成的減讓,作基本上相等的修改或撤銷(xiāo)。
    第二節(jié)  
    8.締約各國(guó)認(rèn)為,本條第4款(甲)項(xiàng)規(guī)定范圍內(nèi)的締約國(guó),在它們的經(jīng)濟(jì)迅速發(fā)展的過(guò)程中,主要由于努力擴(kuò)大國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)和由于貿(mào)易條件的不穩(wěn)定,往往會(huì)面臨國(guó)際收支的困難。
    9.為了保護(hù)對(duì)外金融地位和保證有一定水平的儲(chǔ)備以滿足實(shí)施經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展計(jì)劃的需要,本條第4款(甲)項(xiàng)規(guī)定范圍內(nèi)的一締約國(guó)可以在本條第10款至第12款規(guī)定的限制下,采取限制準(zhǔn)許進(jìn)口的商品的數(shù)量或價(jià)值的辦法來(lái)控制它的進(jìn)口的一般水平;但是,所建立、維持或加強(qiáng)的進(jìn)口限制不得超過(guò):
    (甲)為了預(yù)防貨幣儲(chǔ)備嚴(yán)重下降的威脅或制止貨幣儲(chǔ)備下降所必需的程度;
    或者
    (乙)貨幣儲(chǔ)備不足的締約國(guó),為了使貨幣儲(chǔ)備能夠合理增長(zhǎng)所必需的程度。
    在這兩種情況下,對(duì)可能正在影響這一締約國(guó)的儲(chǔ)備或其對(duì)儲(chǔ)備需要的任何特殊因素,包括在能夠得到特別的國(guó)外信貸或其它資源的情況下安排適當(dāng)使用這種信貸或資源的需要,都應(yīng)加以適當(dāng)?shù)目紤]。
    10.締約國(guó)在實(shí)施上述進(jìn)口限制時(shí),可以對(duì)不同進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品或不同進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品的不同類(lèi)別確定不同的限制方式,以使從經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展政策來(lái)看比較必需的產(chǎn)品能夠優(yōu)先進(jìn)口;但是,實(shí)施的限制應(yīng)避免對(duì)任何其他締約國(guó)的貿(mào)易或經(jīng)濟(jì)利益造成不必要的損害;不應(yīng)無(wú)理地阻礙任何商品的完全禁止其輸入即會(huì)損害正常貿(mào)易渠道的那種最低貿(mào)易數(shù)量的輸入;也不應(yīng)阻礙商業(yè)貨樣的輸入及專(zhuān)利權(quán)、商標(biāo)、版權(quán)或類(lèi)似程序的遵守。
    11.有關(guān)締約國(guó)在執(zhí)行國(guó)內(nèi)政策時(shí),應(yīng)適當(dāng)注意使自己的國(guó)際收支在健全而持久的基礎(chǔ)上恢復(fù)平衡的必要性以及保證生產(chǎn)資源的經(jīng)濟(jì)使用的好處。如情況改善,有關(guān)締約國(guó)應(yīng)逐步放寬按本節(jié)規(guī)定而實(shí)施的限制,它們所維持的限制應(yīng)以本條第9款規(guī)定的條件使它們有必要實(shí)施的為限。當(dāng)情況改變已無(wú)必要維持這些限制時(shí),應(yīng)立即予以取消。但是,不得以它的發(fā)展政策的改變會(huì)使按本節(jié)實(shí)施的限制成為不必要為理由,而要求一締約國(guó)撤銷(xiāo)或修改這種限制。
    12.(甲)建立新的限制,或者大幅度加強(qiáng)按本節(jié)實(shí)施的措施而提高現(xiàn)行限制一般水平的任何締約國(guó),應(yīng)于建立或加強(qiáng)限制后(如能事前協(xié)商則應(yīng)于建立或加強(qiáng)前)立即與締約國(guó)全體就自己國(guó)際收支困難的性質(zhì),可能采取的其它補(bǔ)救辦法,以及這些限制對(duì)其它締約國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)可能造成的影響進(jìn)行協(xié)商。
    (乙)締約國(guó)全體應(yīng)在其確定的某一日期,檢查在那一日期按本節(jié)規(guī)定仍在實(shí)施的一切限制。從那一日期后兩年開(kāi)始,凡按本節(jié)規(guī)定實(shí)施進(jìn)口限制的締約各國(guó)應(yīng)約每隔兩年(但不短于兩年),按締約國(guó)全體每年擬訂的計(jì)劃,同締約國(guó)全體進(jìn)行上面(甲)項(xiàng)規(guī)定的那種協(xié)商。但是,在按本款其它規(guī)定進(jìn)行的一般性協(xié)商結(jié)束還不到兩年的時(shí)期內(nèi),本項(xiàng)規(guī)定的協(xié)商不應(yīng)進(jìn)行。
    (丙)(1)締約國(guó)全體在按本款(甲)項(xiàng)或(乙)項(xiàng)同一締約國(guó)進(jìn)行協(xié)商的過(guò)程中,如判定實(shí)施的限制與本節(jié)或本協(xié)定第八條(受本協(xié)定第十四條的限制)的規(guī)定不符,它們應(yīng)指出不符的性質(zhì),并可建議對(duì)限制作適當(dāng)?shù)男薷摹?
    (2)但是,如締約國(guó)全體經(jīng)協(xié)商后認(rèn)為,正在實(shí)施的限制嚴(yán)重地與本節(jié)或與本協(xié)定第十三條(受本協(xié)定第十四條的限制)的規(guī)定不符,認(rèn)為它對(duì)另一締約國(guó)的貿(mào)易造成損害或構(gòu)成威脅,它們應(yīng)將這一情況通知實(shí)施限制的締約國(guó),并應(yīng)提出適當(dāng)?shù)慕ㄗh,以保證這些規(guī)定在一定期限內(nèi)能得到遵守。如實(shí)施限制的締約國(guó)在規(guī)定限制內(nèi)不執(zhí)行這些建議,締約國(guó)全體在認(rèn)為必要時(shí),可以解除貿(mào)易受到不利影響的那個(gè)締約國(guó)根據(jù)本協(xié)定對(duì)實(shí)施限制的締約國(guó)所承擔(dān)的義務(wù)。
    (丁)如一締約國(guó)有理由認(rèn)為,另一締約國(guó)按本節(jié)而實(shí)施的限制系與本節(jié)或本協(xié)定第十三條(受本協(xié)定第十四條的限制)的規(guī)定不符,并認(rèn)為因此它的貿(mào)易受到不利的影響,它可以提出要求,請(qǐng)締約國(guó)全體邀請(qǐng)實(shí)施限制的締約國(guó)與締約國(guó)全體進(jìn)行協(xié)商。締約國(guó)全體應(yīng)先查明在這兩個(gè)有關(guān)的締約國(guó)之間進(jìn)行了直接討論,未能達(dá)成協(xié)議,才能發(fā)出這樣的邀請(qǐng)。經(jīng)與締約國(guó)全體協(xié)商,如果仍不能達(dá)成協(xié)議,而締約國(guó)全體又認(rèn)為正在實(shí)施與上述規(guī)定不符的限制,因而對(duì)提出這一程序的那個(gè)締約國(guó)的貿(mào)易造成損害或構(gòu)成威脅,則締約國(guó)全體應(yīng)建議撤銷(xiāo)或修改這項(xiàng)限制。如在締約國(guó)全體規(guī)定的限制內(nèi),這項(xiàng)限制并未撤銷(xiāo)或修改,締約國(guó)全體如果認(rèn)為必要,可以解除提出這一程序的締約國(guó)按本協(xié)定對(duì)實(shí)施限制的締約國(guó)所承擔(dān)的義務(wù)。
    (戊)在按本款(丙)(2)項(xiàng)末句或按本款(丁)項(xiàng)的規(guī)定對(duì)一締約國(guó)采取行動(dòng)后,這一締約國(guó)如果認(rèn)為,締約國(guó)全體批準(zhǔn)的義務(wù)解除對(duì)它的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展計(jì)劃和政策的實(shí)施發(fā)生有害的影響,則這一締約國(guó)在不遲于采取這項(xiàng)行動(dòng)以后的60天內(nèi),可以將退出本協(xié)定的意圖用書(shū)面通知締約國(guó)全體執(zhí)行秘書(shū)長(zhǎng),自秘書(shū)長(zhǎng)收到書(shū)面通知以后第六十天起,此項(xiàng)退出開(kāi)始生效。
    (己)在按本款規(guī)定辦理時(shí),締約國(guó)全體應(yīng)適當(dāng)注意本條第2款所述因素。按本款作出的決定應(yīng)迅速作出,如果可能,應(yīng)在開(kāi)始協(xié)調(diào)后的60天內(nèi)作出。
    第三節(jié)  
    13.本條第4款(甲)項(xiàng)規(guī)定范圍內(nèi)的一締約國(guó)如果發(fā)現(xiàn):為了提高人民的一般生活水平,有必要對(duì)某一特定工業(yè)的加速建立提供政府援助,但是,采取符合本協(xié)定其它規(guī)定的措施卻無(wú)法達(dá)到這一目的,則這一締約國(guó)可以引用本節(jié)的條款和程序。
    14.有關(guān)締約國(guó)為實(shí)現(xiàn)本條第13款所述目標(biāo)而面臨的特殊困難,它應(yīng)通知締約國(guó)全體,并應(yīng)說(shuō)明準(zhǔn)備采取什么影響進(jìn)口的措施以克服這些困難。在本條第10款或第17款規(guī)定的時(shí)期分別滿期以前,有關(guān)締約國(guó)不得采用這種措施;
    或者,如所采取的措施影響本協(xié)定有關(guān)減讓表所列減讓對(duì)象的產(chǎn)品的進(jìn)口,除按本條第18款得到締約國(guó)全體同意以外,有關(guān)締約國(guó)也不得采用這種措施。但如接受援助的工業(yè)已經(jīng)開(kāi)始生產(chǎn),則有關(guān)締約國(guó)于通知締約國(guó)全體后,可以采取必要的措施以防止在這一段時(shí)期內(nèi)有關(guān)產(chǎn)品的進(jìn)口大大超過(guò)正常水平。
    15.經(jīng)通知締約國(guó)全體擬采取的措施以后,如締約國(guó)全體在30天內(nèi)尚未要求有關(guān)締約國(guó)與它進(jìn)行協(xié)商,則這一締約國(guó)在實(shí)施所提措施的必要程度內(nèi),可以背離本協(xié)定其它各條的有關(guān)規(guī)定。
    16.如果締約國(guó)全體提出要求,有關(guān)締約國(guó)應(yīng)與締約國(guó)全體協(xié)商所提措施的目的,可能采取的本協(xié)定許可的其它補(bǔ)救辦法以及所提措施可能對(duì)其它締約國(guó)的商業(yè)或經(jīng)濟(jì)利益產(chǎn)生的影響。經(jīng)協(xié)商結(jié)果,如果締約國(guó)全體也認(rèn)為,為了實(shí)現(xiàn)本條第13款所列目標(biāo),本協(xié)定其它規(guī)定許可采取的措施都是不切實(shí)際的,并對(duì)有關(guān)締約國(guó)所提的措施表示同意,則有關(guān)締約國(guó)在實(shí)施這些措施所必需的程度內(nèi)應(yīng)解除本協(xié)定其它各條所規(guī)定的有關(guān)義務(wù)。
    17.按本條第14款提出的措施通知締約國(guó)全體以后,締約國(guó)全體若在90天內(nèi)尚未表示同意,有關(guān)締約國(guó)于報(bào)告締約國(guó)全體后可以采用這一措施。
    18.如果所提的措施影響本協(xié)定有關(guān)減讓表所列減讓對(duì)象的產(chǎn)品,有關(guān)締約國(guó)應(yīng)與原談判這一減讓的任何其它締約國(guó)以及締約國(guó)全體認(rèn)為與此有實(shí)質(zhì)利害關(guān)系的任何其它締約國(guó)進(jìn)行協(xié)商。如果締約國(guó)全體也認(rèn)為,為了實(shí)現(xiàn)本條第13款規(guī)定的目標(biāo),本協(xié)定其它規(guī)定許可采取的措施都是不切實(shí)際的,并且締約國(guó)全體查明:
    (甲)有關(guān)締約國(guó)與其它締約國(guó)進(jìn)行上述協(xié)商已經(jīng)達(dá)成協(xié)議;或者
    (乙)如果在締約國(guó)全體接到通知以后60天內(nèi)尚未達(dá)成協(xié)議,引用本節(jié)規(guī)定的締約國(guó)為了達(dá)成協(xié)議已經(jīng)作了一切努力,并對(duì)其它締約國(guó)的利益已經(jīng)給予適當(dāng)?shù)谋Wo(hù)。
    則締約國(guó)全體應(yīng)同意提出的措施。引用本節(jié)規(guī)定的締約國(guó)在實(shí)施措施所必需的程度內(nèi),應(yīng)因此解除本協(xié)定其它各條的有關(guān)義務(wù)。
    19.本條第13款所述的那種擬采取的措施,如果所涉及的工業(yè),在建立初期由于有關(guān)締約國(guó)因國(guó)際收支的理由根據(jù)本協(xié)定有關(guān)規(guī)定實(shí)施限制產(chǎn)生間接影響而得到加速,則這一締約國(guó)可以引用本節(jié)的規(guī)定和程序;但未經(jīng)締約國(guó)全體同意,這項(xiàng)擬采取的措施不得加以實(shí)施。
    20.本節(jié)前述各款并非授權(quán)可以對(duì)本協(xié)定第一條、第二條和第八條的規(guī)定有任何背離。本條第10款的限制也適用于根據(jù)本節(jié)而采取的任何限制。
    21.當(dāng)按本條第17款的規(guī)定實(shí)施一種措施時(shí),凡因此受到實(shí)質(zhì)影響的任何締約國(guó),可以對(duì)引用本節(jié)規(guī)定的締約國(guó)的貿(mào)易,暫停實(shí)施本協(xié)定規(guī)定的那些大體上對(duì)等的減讓或其它義務(wù),如果締約國(guó)全體對(duì)此不表示異議的話;但是,在使締約國(guó)遭受損害的措施建立或?qū)嵸|(zhì)改變后的6個(gè)月內(nèi),應(yīng)向締約國(guó)全體發(fā)出此項(xiàng)暫停的60天預(yù)先通知書(shū)。任何一個(gè)這類(lèi)締約國(guó)均應(yīng)按本協(xié)定第二十二條的規(guī)定提供適當(dāng)?shù)膮f(xié)商機(jī)會(huì)。第四節(jié)
    22.本條第4款(乙)項(xiàng)規(guī)定范圍內(nèi)的一締約國(guó)為了發(fā)展它的經(jīng)濟(jì),擬對(duì)某特定工業(yè)的建立采用本條第13款所述的那種措施時(shí),可以申請(qǐng)締約國(guó)全體批準(zhǔn)實(shí)施這項(xiàng)措施。締約國(guó)全體應(yīng)立即與申請(qǐng)的締約國(guó)協(xié)商,并應(yīng)以本條第16款所列因素為指導(dǎo)作出它的決定。如締約國(guó)全體同意提出的措施,則應(yīng)在能夠?qū)嵤┐胧┑谋匾潭葍?nèi),解除有關(guān)締約國(guó)根據(jù)本協(xié)定其它各條的有關(guān)規(guī)定所承擔(dān)的義務(wù)。如提出的措施所影響的產(chǎn)品是本協(xié)定有關(guān)減讓表所列減讓的對(duì)象,則本條第18款的規(guī)定應(yīng)予適用。
    23.按本節(jié)而實(shí)施的任何措施,應(yīng)符合本條第20款的規(guī)定。
Article XIX    Emergency Action on Imports of Particular Products
1. (a) If, as a result of unforeseen developments and of the effect of the obligations incurred by a contracting party under this Agreement, including tariff concessions, any product is being imported into the territory of that contracting party in such increased quantities and under such conditions as to cause or threaten serious injury to domestic producers in that territory of like or directly competitive products, the contracting party shall be free, in respect of such product, and to the extent and for such time as may be necessary to prevent or remedy such injury, to suspend the obligation in whole or in part or to withdraw or modify the concession.
(b) If any product, which is the subject of a concession with respect to a preference, is being imported into the territory of a contracting party in the circumstances set forth in subparagraph (a) of this paragraph, so as to cause or threaten serious injury to domestic producers of like or directly competitive products in the territory of a contracting party which receives or received such preference, the importing contracting party shall be free, if that other contracting party so requests, to suspend the relevant obligation in whole or in part or to withdraw or modify the concession in respect of the product, to the extent and for such time as may be necessary to prevent or remedy such injury.
2. Before any contracting party shall take action pursuant to the provisions of paragraph 1 of this Article, it shall give notice in writing to the CONTRACTING PARTIES as far in advance as may be practicable and shall afford the CONTRACTING PARTIES and those contracting parties having a substantial interest as exporters of the product concerned an opportunity to consult with it in respect of the proposed action.  When such notice is given in relation to a concession with respect to a preference, the notice shall name the contracting party which has requested the action.  In critical circumstances, where delay would cause damage which it would be difficult to repair, action under paragraph 1 of this Article may be taken provisionally without prior consultation, on the condition that consultation shall be effected immediately after taking such action.
3. (a) If agreement among the interested contracting parties with respect to the action is not reached, the contracting party which proposes to take or continue the action shall, nevertheless, be free to do so, and if such action is taken or continued, the affected contracting parties shall then be free, not later than ninety days after such action is taken, to suspend, upon the expiration of thirty days from the day on which written notice of such suspension is received by the CONTRACTING PARTIES, the application to the trade of the contracting party taking such action, or, in the case envisaged in paragraph 1 (b) of this Article, to the trade of the contracting party requesting such action, of such substantially equivalent concessions or other obligations under this Agreement the suspension of which the CONTRACTING PARTIES do not disapprove.
(b) Notwithstanding the provisions of subparagraph (a) of this paragraph, where action is taken under paragraph 2 of this Article without prior consultation and causes or threatens serious injury in the territory of a contracting party to the domestic producers of products affected by the action, that contracting party shall, where delay would cause damage difficult to repair, be free to suspend, upon the taking of the action and throughout the period of consultation, such concessions or other obligations as may be necessary to prevent or remedy the injury.
    第十九條  對(duì)某種產(chǎn)品的進(jìn)口的緊急措施
    1.(甲)如因意外情況的發(fā)展或因一締約國(guó)承擔(dān)本協(xié)定義務(wù)(包括關(guān)稅減讓在內(nèi))而產(chǎn)生的影響,使某一產(chǎn)品輸入到這一締約國(guó)領(lǐng)土的數(shù)量大為增加,對(duì)這一領(lǐng)土內(nèi)相同產(chǎn)品或與它直接競(jìng)爭(zhēng)產(chǎn)品的國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)者造成重大的損害或產(chǎn)生重大的威脅時(shí),這一締約國(guó)在防止或糾正這種損害所必需的程度和時(shí)間內(nèi),可以對(duì)上述產(chǎn)品全部或部分地暫停實(shí)施其所承擔(dān)的義務(wù),或者撤銷(xiāo)或修改減讓。
    (乙)屬于優(yōu)惠減讓對(duì)象的某一產(chǎn)品,如在本款(甲)項(xiàng)所述情形下輸入到一締約國(guó)領(lǐng)土,并因此對(duì)目前或過(guò)去享受這種優(yōu)惠的另一締約國(guó)領(lǐng)土內(nèi)的相同產(chǎn)品或與它直接競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的產(chǎn)品的國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)者造成重大損害或產(chǎn)生重大威脅時(shí),經(jīng)過(guò)另一締約國(guó)提出請(qǐng)求后,輸入這種產(chǎn)品的締約國(guó)可以在防止或糾正這種損害所必需的程度和時(shí)間內(nèi),全部或部分地對(duì)這種產(chǎn)品暫停實(shí)施所承擔(dān)的有關(guān)減讓,或者撤銷(xiāo)或修改減讓。
    2.締約國(guó)在根據(jù)本條第1款的規(guī)定采取行動(dòng)以前,應(yīng)盡可能提前用書(shū)面通知締約國(guó)全體,以便締約國(guó)全體及與這項(xiàng)產(chǎn)品的出口有實(shí)質(zhì)利害關(guān)系的締約國(guó),有機(jī)會(huì)與它就擬采取的行動(dòng)進(jìn)行協(xié)商。如涉及的是有關(guān)優(yōu)惠方面的減讓,在書(shū)面通知中應(yīng)注明要求采取行動(dòng)的締約國(guó)的名稱(chēng)。在緊急情況下,如果延遲會(huì)造成難于補(bǔ)救的損害,不經(jīng)事前協(xié)商,可以采取本條第1款規(guī)定的行動(dòng),但在采取行動(dòng)以后,必須立即進(jìn)行協(xié)商。
    3.(甲)如在有利害關(guān)系的締約國(guó)之間不能就這項(xiàng)行動(dòng)達(dá)成協(xié)議,則提議采取或維持這項(xiàng)行動(dòng)的締約國(guó)仍然可以執(zhí)行它。當(dāng)它這樣做以后,受到影響的締約國(guó)在采取這項(xiàng)行動(dòng)以后的90天內(nèi),可以從締約國(guó)全體收到暫停實(shí)施減讓的書(shū)面通知之日起30天期滿以后,對(duì)采取這項(xiàng)行動(dòng)的締約國(guó)的貿(mào)易,暫停實(shí)施本協(xié)定規(guī)定的那些大體上對(duì)等的減讓或其它義務(wù),或如為本條第1款(乙)項(xiàng)所述情況,對(duì)要求采取這項(xiàng)行動(dòng)的締約國(guó),暫停實(shí)施這種減讓或其它義務(wù),如果締約國(guó)全體對(duì)此不表示異議。(乙)在未經(jīng)事前協(xié)商按本條第2款采取行動(dòng)并因此對(duì)一締約國(guó)領(lǐng)土產(chǎn)品的國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)者造成重大損害或產(chǎn)生重大威脅的情況下,盡管有本款(甲)項(xiàng)的規(guī)定,如果延遲會(huì)造成難于補(bǔ)救的損失,則那一締約國(guó)在這項(xiàng)行動(dòng)采取以后以及在整個(gè)協(xié)商期間,可以暫停實(shí)施防止或糾正損害所必需的那種減讓或其它義務(wù)。
Article XX    General Exceptions
Subject to the requirement that such measures are not applied in a manner which would constitute a means of arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination between countries where the same conditions prevail, or a disguised restriction on international trade, nothing in this Agreement shall be construed to prevent the adoption or enforcement by any contracting party of measures:
(a) necessary to protect public morals;
(b) necessary to protect human, animal or plant life or health;
(c) relating to the importations or exportations of gold or silver;
(d) necessary to secure compliance with laws or regulations which are not inconsistent with the provisions of this Agreement, including those relating to customs enforcement, the enforcement of monopolies operated under paragraph 4 of Article II and Article XVII, the protection of patents, trade marks and copyrights, and the prevention of deceptive practices;
(e) relating to the products of prison labour;
(f) imposed for the protection of national treasures of artistic, historic or archaeological value;
(g) relating to the conservation of exhaustible natural resources if such measures are made effective in conjunction with restrictions on domestic production or consumption;
(h) undertaken in pursuance of obligations under any intergovernmental commodity agreement which conforms to criteria submitted to the CONTRACTING PARTIES and not disapproved by them or which is itself so submitted and not so disapproved;*
(i) involving restrictions on exports of domestic materials necessary to ensure essential quantities of such materials to a domestic processing industry during periods when the domestic price of such materials is held below the world price as part of a governmental stabilization plan;  Provided that such restrictions shall not operate to increase the exports of or the protection afforded to such domestic industry, and shall not depart from the provisions of this Agreement relating to non-discrimination;
(j) essential to the acquisition or distribution of products in general or local short supply;  Provided that any such measures shall be consistent with the principle that all contracting parties are entitled to an equitable share of the international supply of such products, and that any such measures, which are inconsistent with the other provisions of the Agreement shall be discontinued as soon as the conditions giving rise to them have ceased to exist.  The CONTRACTING PARTIES shall review the need for this sub-paragraph not later than 30 June 1960.
    第二十條  一般例外
    本協(xié)定的規(guī)定不得解釋為禁止締約國(guó)采用或加強(qiáng)以下措施,但對(duì)情況相同的各國(guó),實(shí)施的措施不得構(gòu)成武斷的或不合理的差別待遇,或構(gòu)成對(duì)國(guó)際貿(mào)易的變相限制:
    (甲)為維持公共道德所必需的措施;
    (乙)為保障人民、動(dòng)植物的生命或健康所必需的措施;
    (丙)有關(guān)輸出或輸入黃金或白銀的措施;
    (丁)為了保證某些與本協(xié)定的規(guī)定并無(wú)抵觸的法令或條例的貫徹執(zhí)行所必需的措施,包括加強(qiáng)海關(guān)法令或條例,加強(qiáng)根據(jù)協(xié)定第二條第4款和第十四條而實(shí)施的壟斷,保護(hù)專(zhuān)利權(quán)、商標(biāo)及版權(quán),以及防止欺詐行為所必需的措施;
    (戊)有關(guān)罪犯產(chǎn)品的措施;
    (己)為保護(hù)本國(guó)具有藝術(shù)、歷史或考古價(jià)值的文物而采取的措施;
    (庚)與國(guó)內(nèi)限制生產(chǎn)與消費(fèi)的措施相配合,為有效保護(hù)可能用竭的天然資源的有關(guān)措施;
    (辛)如果商品協(xié)定所遵守的原則已向締約國(guó)全體提出,締約國(guó)全體未表示異議,或商品協(xié)定本身已向締約國(guó)全體提出,締約國(guó)全體未表示異議,為履行這種國(guó)際商品協(xié)定所承擔(dān)的義務(wù)而采取的措施;
    (申)在國(guó)內(nèi)原料的價(jià)格被壓低到低于國(guó)際價(jià)格水平,作為政府穩(wěn)定計(jì)劃的一部分的期間內(nèi),為了保證國(guó)內(nèi)加工工業(yè)對(duì)這些原料的基本需要,有必要采取的限制這些原料出口的措施;
    但不得利用限制來(lái)增加此種國(guó)內(nèi)工業(yè)的出口或?qū)ζ涮峁┍Wo(hù),也不得背離本協(xié)定的有關(guān)非歧視的規(guī)定;
    (酉)在普遍或局部供應(yīng)不足的情況下,為獲取或分配產(chǎn)品所必需采取的措施;但采取的措施必須符合以下原則:所有締約國(guó)在這些產(chǎn)品的國(guó)際供應(yīng)中都有權(quán)占有公平的份額,而且,如采取的措施與本協(xié)定的其它規(guī)定不符,它應(yīng)在導(dǎo)致其實(shí)施的條件不復(fù)存在時(shí),立即予以停止。最遲于1960年6月30日以前,締約國(guó)全體應(yīng)對(duì)本項(xiàng)規(guī)定的需要情況進(jìn)行檢查。
Article XXI    Security Exceptions
Nothing in this Agreement shall be construed
(a) to require any contracting party to furnish any information the disclosure of which it considers contrary to its essential security interests;  or
(b) to prevent any contracting party from taking any action which it considers necessary for the protection of its essential security interest
(i) relating to fissionable materials or the materials from which they are derived; 
(ii) relating to the traffic in arms, ammunition and implements of war and to such traffic in other goods and materials as is carried on directly or indirectly for the purpose of supplying a military establishment;
(iii) taken in time of war or other emergency in international relations;  or
(c) to prevent any contracting party from taking any action in pursuance of its obligations under the United Nations Charter for the maintenance of international peace and security.
    第二十一條  安全例外
    本協(xié)定不得解釋為:
    (甲)要求任何締約國(guó)提供其根據(jù)國(guó)家基本安全利益認(rèn)為不能公布的資料;或
    (乙)阻止任何締約國(guó)為保護(hù)國(guó)家基本安全利益對(duì)有關(guān)下列事項(xiàng)采取其認(rèn)為必需采取的任何行動(dòng):
    (1)裂變材料或提煉裂變材料的原料;
    (2)武器、彈藥和軍火的貿(mào)易或直接和間接供軍事機(jī)構(gòu)用的其它物品或原料的貿(mào)易;
    (3)戰(zhàn)時(shí)或國(guó)際關(guān)系中的其它緊急情況;或
    (丙)阻止任何締約國(guó)根據(jù)聯(lián)合國(guó)憲章為維持國(guó)際和平和安全而采取行動(dòng)。
Article XXII    Consultation
1. Each contracting party shall accord sympathetic consideration to, and shall afford adequate opportunity for consultation regarding, such representations as may be made by another contracting party with respect to any matter affecting the operation of this Agreement.
2. The CONTRACTING PARTIES may, at the request of a contracting party, consult with any contracting party or parties in respect of any matter for which it has not been possible to find a satisfactory solution through consultation under paragraph 1.
    第二十二條  協(xié)商
    1.當(dāng)一締約國(guó)對(duì)影響本協(xié)定執(zhí)行的任何事項(xiàng)向另一締約國(guó)提出要求時(shí),另一締約國(guó)應(yīng)給予同情的考慮,并應(yīng)給予適當(dāng)?shù)臋C(jī)會(huì)進(jìn)行協(xié)商。
    2.經(jīng)一締約國(guó)提出請(qǐng)求,締約國(guó)全體對(duì)經(jīng)本條第1款協(xié)商但未達(dá)成圓滿結(jié)論的任何事項(xiàng),可與另一締約國(guó)或另幾個(gè)締約國(guó)進(jìn)行協(xié)商。
Article XXIII    Nullification or Impairment
1. If any contracting party should consider that any benefit accruing to it directly or indirectly under this Agreement is being nullified or impaired or that the attainment of any objective of the Agreement is being impeded as the result of
(a) the failure of another contracting party to carry out its obligations under this Agreement, or
(b) the application by another contracting party of any measure, whether or not it conflicts with the provisions of this Agreement, or
(c) the existence of any other situation,
the contracting party may, with a view to the satisfactory adjustment of the matter, make written representations or proposals to the other contracting party or parties which it considers to be concerned.  Any contracting party thus approached shall give sympathetic consideration to the representations or proposals made to it.
2. If no satisfactory adjustment is effected between the contracting parties concerned within a reasonable time, or if the difficulty is of the type described in paragraph 1 (c) of this Article, the matter may be referred to the CONTRACTING PARTIES.  The CONTRACTING PARTIES shall promptly investigate any matter so referred to them and shall make appropriate recommendations to the contracting parties which they consider to be concerned, or give a ruling on the matter, as appropriate.  The CONTRACTING PARTIES may consult with contracting parties, with the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations and with any appropriate inter-governmental organization in cases where they consider such consultation necessary.  If the CONTRACTING PARTIES consider that the circumstances are serious enough to justify such action, they may authorize a contracting party or parties to suspend the application to any other contracting party or parties of such concessions or other obligations under this Agreement as they determine to be appropriate in the circumstances.  If the application to any contracting party of any concession or other obligation is in fact suspended, that contracting party shall then be free, not later than sixty days after such action is taken, to give written notice to the Executive Secretary  to the Contracting Parties of its intention to withdraw from this Agreement and such withdrawal shall take effect upon the sixtieth day following the day on which such notice is received by him.
PART III
    第二十三條  利益的喪失或損害
    1.如一締約國(guó)認(rèn)為,由于(甲)另一締約國(guó)未能實(shí)施其對(duì)本協(xié)定所承擔(dān)的義務(wù);或
    (乙)另一締約國(guó)實(shí)施某種措施(不論這一措施是否與本協(xié)定的規(guī)定有抵觸);或
    (丙)存在著任何其它情況。
    它根據(jù)本協(xié)定直接或間接可享受的利益正在喪失或受到損害,或者使本協(xié)定規(guī)定的目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)受到阻礙,則這一締約國(guó)為了使問(wèn)題能得到滿意的調(diào)整,可以向其認(rèn)為有關(guān)的締約國(guó)提出書(shū)面請(qǐng)求或建議。有關(guān)締約國(guó)對(duì)提出的請(qǐng)求或建議應(yīng)給予同情的考慮。
    2.如有關(guān)締約國(guó)在合理期間內(nèi)尚不能達(dá)成滿意的調(diào)整辦法,或者困難屬于第1款(丙)項(xiàng)所述類(lèi)型,這一問(wèn)題可以提交締約國(guó)全體處理。締約國(guó)全體對(duì)此應(yīng)立即進(jìn)行研究,并應(yīng)向它所認(rèn)為的有關(guān)締約國(guó)提出適當(dāng)建議,或者酌量對(duì)此問(wèn)題作出裁決。締約國(guó)全體如認(rèn)為必要,可以與締約各國(guó)、與聯(lián)合國(guó)經(jīng)社理事會(huì)和與任何國(guó)際機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行協(xié)商。如締約國(guó)全體認(rèn)為,情況嚴(yán)重以致有必要批準(zhǔn)某締約國(guó)斟酌實(shí)際情況對(duì)其它締約國(guó)暫停實(shí)施本協(xié)定規(guī)定的減讓或其它義務(wù),它可以如此辦理。如對(duì)一締約國(guó)的減讓或其它義務(wù)事實(shí)上已暫停實(shí)施,則這一締約國(guó)在這項(xiàng)行動(dòng)采取后的60天內(nèi),可以書(shū)面通知締約國(guó)全體執(zhí)行秘書(shū)長(zhǎng)擬退出本協(xié)定,而自秘書(shū)長(zhǎng)收到通知書(shū)后的60天開(kāi)始,退出應(yīng)即正式生效。
    第三部分
Article XXIV    Territorial Application - Frontier Traffic - Customs Unions and Free-trade Areas
1. The provisions of this Agreement shall apply to the metropolitan customs territories of the contracting parties and to any other customs territories in respect of which this Agreement has been accepted under Article XXVI or is being applied under Article XXXIII or pursuant to the Protocol of Provisional Application.  Each such customs territory shall, exclusively for the purposes of the territorial application of this Agreement, be treated as though it were a contracting party;  Provided that the provisions of this paragraph shall not be construed to create any rights or obligations as between two or more customs territories in respect of which this Agreement has been accepted under Article XXVI or is being applied under Article XXXIII or pursuant to the Protocol of Provisional Application by a single contracting party.
2. For the purposes of this Agreement a customs territory shall be understood to mean any territory with respect to which separate tariffs or other regulations of commerce are maintained for a substantial part of the trade of such territory with other territories.
3. The provisions of this Agreement shall not be construed to prevent:
(a) Advantages accorded by any contracting party to adjacent countries in order to facilitate frontier traffic; 
(b) Advantages accorded to the trade with the Free Territory of Trieste by countries contiguous to that territory, provided that such advantages are not in conflict with the Treaties of Peace arising out of the Second World War.
4. The contracting parties recognize the desirability of increasing freedom of trade by the development, through voluntary agreements, of closer integration between the economies of the countries parties to such agreements.  They also recognize that the purpose of a customs union or of a free-trade area should be to facilitate trade between the constituent territories and not to raise barriers to the trade of other contracting parties with such territories.
5. Accordingly, the provisions of this Agreement shall not prevent, as between the territories of contracting parties, the formation of a customs union or of a free-trade area or the adoption of an interim agreement necessary for the formation of a customs union or of a free-trade area;  Provided that:
(a) with respect to a customs union, or an interim agreement leading to a formation of a customs union, the duties and other regulations of commerce imposed at the institution of any such union or interim agreement in respect of trade with contracting parties not parties to such union or agreement shall not on the whole be higher or more restrictive than the general incidence of the duties and regulations of commerce applicable in the constituent territories prior to the formation of such union or the adoption of such interim agreement, as the case may be; 
(b) with respect to a free-trade area, or an interim agreement leading to the formation of a free-trade area, the duties and other regulations of commerce maintained in each of the constituent territories and applicable at the formation of such free trade area or the adoption of such interim agreement to the trade of contracting parties not included in such area or not parties to such agreement shall not be higher or more restrictive than the corresponding duties and other regulations of commerce existing in the same constituent territories prior to the formation of the free-trade area, or interim agreement as the case may be;  and
(c) any interim agreement referred to in subparagraphs (a) and (b) shall include a plan and schedule for the formation of such a customs union or of such a free-trade area within a reasonable length of time.
6. If, in fulfilling the requirements of subparagraph 5 (a), a contracting party proposes to increase any rate of duty inconsistently with the provisions of Article II, the procedure set forth in Article XXVIII shall apply.  In providing for compensatory adjustment, due account shall be taken of the compensation already afforded by the reduction brought about in the corresponding duty of the other constituents of the union.
7. (a) Any contracting party deciding to enter into a customs union or free-trade area, or an interim agreement leading to the formation of such a union or area, shall promptly notify the CONTRACTING PARTIES and shall make available to them such information regarding the proposed union or area as will enable them to make such reports and recommendations to contracting parties as they may deem appropriate.
(b) If, after having studied the plan and schedule included in an interim agreement referred to in paragraph 5 in consultation with the parties to that agreement and taking due account of the information made available in accordance with the provisions of subparagraph (a), the CONTRACTING PARTIES find that such agreement is not likely to result in the formation of a customs union or of a free-trade area within the period contemplated by the parties to the agreement or that such period is not a reasonable one, the CONTRACTING PARTIES shall make recommendations to the parties to the agreement.  The parties shall not maintain or put into force, as the case may be, such agreement if they are not prepared to modify it in accordance with these recommendations.
(c) Any substantial change in the plan or schedule referred to in paragraph 5 (c) shall be communicated to the CONTRACTING PARTIES, which may request the contracting parties concerned to consult with them if the change seems likely to jeopardize or delay unduly the formation of the customs union or of the free-trade area.
8. For the purposes of this Agreement:
(a) A customs union shall be understood to mean the substitution of a single customs territory for two or more customs territories, so that
(i) duties and other restrictive regulations of commerce (except, where necessary, those permitted under Articles XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV and XX) are eliminated with respect to substantially all the trade between the constituent territories of the union or at least with respect to substantially all the trade in products originating in such territories, and,
(ii) subject to the provisions of paragraph 9, substantially the same duties and other regulations of commerce are applied by each of the members of the union to the trade of territories not included in the union;
(b) A free-trade area shall be understood to mean a group of two or more customs territories in which the duties and other restrictive regulations of commerce (except, where necessary, those permitted under Articles XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV and XX) are eliminated on substantially all the trade between the constituent territories in products originating in such territories.
9. The preferences referred to in paragraph 2 of Article I shall not be affected by the formation of a customs union or of a free-trade area but may be eliminated or adjusted by means of negotiations with contracting parties affected.*  This procedure of negotiations with affected contracting parties shall, in particular, apply to the elimination of preferences required to conform with the provisions of paragraph 8 (a)(i) and paragraph 8 (b).
10. The CONTRACTING PARTIES may by a two-thirds majority approve proposals which do not fully comply with the requirements of paragraphs 5 to 9 inclusive, provided that such proposals lead to the formation of a customs union or a free-trade area in the sense of this Article.
11. Taking into account the exceptional circumstances arising out of the establishment of India and Pakistan as independent States and recognizing the fact that they have long constituted an economic unit, the contracting parties agree that the provisions of this Agreement shall not prevent the two countries from entering into special arrangements with respect to the trade between them, pending the establishment of their mutual trade relations on a definitive basis.*
12. Each contracting party shall take such reasonable measures as may be available to it to ensure observance of the provisions of this Agreement by the regional and local governments and authorities within its territories.
    第二十四條  適用的領(lǐng)土范圍邊境貿(mào)易關(guān)稅聯(lián)盟和自由貿(mào)易區(qū)
    1.本協(xié)定的各項(xiàng)規(guī)定,應(yīng)適用于締約國(guó)本國(guó)的關(guān)稅領(lǐng)土,適用于按照第二十六條接受本協(xié)定或按照第三十三條或《臨時(shí)實(shí)施議定書(shū)》實(shí)施本協(xié)定的任何其它關(guān)稅領(lǐng)土。每一個(gè)這樣的關(guān)稅領(lǐng)土,從本協(xié)定的領(lǐng)土適用范圍來(lái)說(shuō),應(yīng)把它作為一個(gè)締約國(guó)對(duì)待。但本款的規(guī)定不得解釋為:一締約國(guó)按照第二十六條接受本協(xié)定或按照第三十三條或《臨時(shí)實(shí)施議定書(shū)》實(shí)施本協(xié)定的,即因此在兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的關(guān)稅領(lǐng)土之間產(chǎn)生任何權(quán)利或義務(wù)。
    2.本協(xié)定所稱(chēng)的關(guān)稅領(lǐng)土,應(yīng)理解為一個(gè)與其它領(lǐng)土之間的大部分貿(mào)易保持著單獨(dú)稅率或其它單獨(dú)貿(mào)易規(guī)章的領(lǐng)土。
    3.本協(xié)定的各項(xiàng)規(guī)定,不得阻止(甲)任何締約國(guó)為便利邊境貿(mào)易對(duì)毗鄰國(guó)家給予某種利益;
    (乙)毗鄰的里雅斯得自由區(qū)的國(guó)家,對(duì)與這一自由區(qū)進(jìn)行的貿(mào)易給予某種利益,但這些利益不能與第二次世界大戰(zhàn)后締結(jié)的和平條約相抵觸。
    4.締約各國(guó)認(rèn)為,通過(guò)自愿簽訂協(xié)定發(fā)展各國(guó)之間經(jīng)濟(jì)的一體化,以擴(kuò)大貿(mào)易的自由化是有好處的。締約各國(guó)還認(rèn)為,成立關(guān)稅聯(lián)盟或自由貿(mào)易區(qū)的目的,應(yīng)為便利組成聯(lián)盟或自由貿(mào)易區(qū)的各領(lǐng)土之間的貿(mào)易,但對(duì)其它締約國(guó)與這些領(lǐng)土之間進(jìn)行的貿(mào)易,不得提高壁壘。
    5.因此,本協(xié)定的各項(xiàng)規(guī)定,不得阻止締約各國(guó)在其領(lǐng)土之間建立關(guān)稅聯(lián)盟或自由貿(mào)易區(qū),或?yàn)榻㈥P(guān)稅聯(lián)盟或自由貿(mào)易區(qū)的需要采用某種臨時(shí)協(xié)定,但是,(甲)對(duì)關(guān)稅聯(lián)盟或過(guò)渡到關(guān)稅聯(lián)盟的臨時(shí)協(xié)定來(lái)說(shuō),建立起來(lái)的這種聯(lián)盟或臨時(shí)協(xié)定對(duì)未參加聯(lián)盟或臨時(shí)協(xié)定的締約各國(guó)的貿(mào)易所實(shí)施的關(guān)稅和其它貿(mào)易規(guī)章,大體上不得高于或嚴(yán)于未建立聯(lián)盟或臨時(shí)協(xié)定時(shí)各組成領(lǐng)土所實(shí)施的關(guān)稅和貿(mào)易規(guī)章的一般限制水平;
    (乙)對(duì)自由貿(mào)易區(qū)或過(guò)渡到自由貿(mào)易區(qū)的臨時(shí)協(xié)定來(lái)說(shuō),在建立自由貿(mào)易區(qū)或采用臨時(shí)協(xié)定以后,每個(gè)組成領(lǐng)土維持的對(duì)未參加貿(mào)易區(qū)或臨時(shí)協(xié)定的締約各國(guó)貿(mào)易所適用的關(guān)稅和其它貿(mào)易規(guī)章,不得高于或嚴(yán)于同一組成領(lǐng)土在未成立自由貿(mào)易區(qū)或臨時(shí)協(xié)定時(shí)所實(shí)施的相當(dāng)關(guān)稅和其它貿(mào)易規(guī)章,以及(丙)本款(甲)項(xiàng)和(乙)項(xiàng)所稱(chēng)的臨時(shí)協(xié)定,應(yīng)具有一個(gè)在合理期間內(nèi)成立關(guān)稅聯(lián)盟和自由貿(mào)易區(qū)的計(jì)劃和進(jìn)程表。
    6.在實(shí)施本條第5款(甲)項(xiàng)要求的時(shí)候,一締約國(guó)所擬增加的稅率如與本協(xié)定第二條不符,則本協(xié)定第二十八條的程序,應(yīng)予適用。在提供補(bǔ)償性調(diào)整時(shí),應(yīng)適當(dāng)考慮聯(lián)盟的其它成員在減低相應(yīng)的關(guān)稅方面已提供的補(bǔ)償。
    7.(甲)任何締約國(guó)決定加入關(guān)稅聯(lián)盟或自由貿(mào)易區(qū),或簽訂成立關(guān)稅聯(lián)盟或自由貿(mào)易區(qū)的臨時(shí)協(xié)定,應(yīng)當(dāng)及時(shí)通知締約國(guó)全體,并應(yīng)向其提供有關(guān)擬議的聯(lián)盟或貿(mào)易區(qū)的資料,以便締約國(guó)全體得以斟酌向締約各國(guó)提出報(bào)告和建議。
    (乙)經(jīng)與參加本條第5款所述臨時(shí)協(xié)定的各方對(duì)協(xié)定所包括的計(jì)劃和進(jìn)程表協(xié)商研究,并適當(dāng)考慮本款(甲)項(xiàng)所提供的資料以后,如締約國(guó)全體發(fā)現(xiàn):參加協(xié)定各方在所擬議的期間內(nèi)不可能組成關(guān)稅聯(lián)盟或自由貿(mào)易區(qū),或認(rèn)為所擬議的期間不夠合理,締約國(guó)全體應(yīng)向參加協(xié)定各方提出建議,如參加協(xié)定各方不準(zhǔn)備按照這些建議修改臨時(shí)協(xié)定,則有關(guān)協(xié)定不得維持或付諸實(shí)施。
    (丙)本條第5款(丙)項(xiàng)所述計(jì)劃或進(jìn)程表的任何重要修改,應(yīng)通知締約國(guó)全體。如果這一改變將危及或不適當(dāng)?shù)匮舆t關(guān)稅聯(lián)盟或自由貿(mào)易區(qū)的建立,締約國(guó)全體可以要求同有關(guān)締約國(guó)進(jìn)行協(xié)商。
    8.在本協(xié)定內(nèi),(甲)關(guān)稅聯(lián)盟應(yīng)理解為以一個(gè)單獨(dú)的關(guān)稅領(lǐng)土代替兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的關(guān)稅領(lǐng)土,因此,(1)對(duì)聯(lián)盟的組成領(lǐng)土之間的貿(mào)易,或至少對(duì)這些領(lǐng)土產(chǎn)品的實(shí)質(zhì)上所有貿(mào)易,實(shí)質(zhì)上已取消關(guān)稅和其它貿(mào)易限制(在必要時(shí),按照本協(xié)定第十一條、第十二條、第十三條、第十四條、第十五條和第二十條規(guī)定準(zhǔn)許的,可以除外)。
    (2)除受本條第9款的限制以外,聯(lián)盟的每個(gè)成員對(duì)于聯(lián)盟以外領(lǐng)土的貿(mào)易,已實(shí)施實(shí)質(zhì)上同樣的關(guān)稅或其它貿(mào)易規(guī)章。
    (乙)自由貿(mào)易區(qū)應(yīng)理解為由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的關(guān)稅領(lǐng)土所組成的一個(gè)對(duì)這些組成領(lǐng)土的產(chǎn)品的貿(mào)易,已實(shí)質(zhì)上取消關(guān)稅或其它貿(mào)易限制(在必要時(shí),按照第十一條、第十二條、第十三條、第十四條、第十五條和第二十條規(guī)定準(zhǔn)許的,可以除外)的集團(tuán)。
    9.本協(xié)定第一條第2款的優(yōu)惠,不應(yīng)因建立關(guān)稅聯(lián)盟或自由貿(mào)易區(qū)而受到影響,但可以與有關(guān)締約國(guó)談判加以調(diào)整或取消。當(dāng)需要按照第八款(甲)項(xiàng)(1)和第8款(乙)項(xiàng)的規(guī)定取消優(yōu)惠時(shí),這種與有關(guān)締約各國(guó)進(jìn)行談判的程序應(yīng)特別適用。
    10.締約國(guó)全體經(jīng)2/3的多數(shù)通過(guò),可以批準(zhǔn)與本條第5款至第9款的要求不完全相符但系為建立本條所稱(chēng)的關(guān)稅聯(lián)盟或自由貿(mào)易區(qū)的建議。
    11.考慮到印度和巴基斯坦各自建成獨(dú)立國(guó)家這一特殊情況,并承認(rèn)這兩個(gè)國(guó)家系長(zhǎng)期組成一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)單位這個(gè)事實(shí),締約各國(guó)同意,在它們之間的貿(mào)易關(guān)系尚未建立在確定的基礎(chǔ)上以前,本協(xié)定的各項(xiàng)規(guī)定將不阻止這兩個(gè)國(guó)家對(duì)它們的貿(mào)易作出特別安排。
    12.締約國(guó)應(yīng)采取一切可能采取的合理措施,保證在它的領(lǐng)土內(nèi)的地區(qū)政府和當(dāng)局及地方政府和當(dāng)局能遵守本協(xié)定的各項(xiàng)規(guī)定。
Article XXV    Joint Action by the Contracting Parties
1. Representatives of the contracting parties shall meet from time to time for the purpose of giving effect to those provisions of this Agreement which involve joint action and, generally, with a view to facilitating the operation and furthering the objectives of this Agreement.  Wherever reference is made in this Agreement to the contracting parties acting jointly they are designated as the CONTRACTING PARTIES.
2. The Secretary-General of the United Nations is requested to convene the first meeting of the CONTRACTING PARTIES, which shall take place not later than March 1, 1948.
3. Each contracting party shall be entitled to have one vote at all meetings of the CONTRACTING PARTIES.
4. Except as otherwise provided for in this Agreement, decisions of the CONTRACTING PARTIES shall be taken by a majority of the votes cast.
5. In exceptional circumstances not elsewhere provided for in this Agreement, the CONTRACTING PARTIES may waive an obligation imposed upon a contracting party by this Agreement;  Provided that any such decision shall be approved by a two-thirds majority of the votes cast and that such majority shall comprise more than half of the contracting parties.  The CONTRACTING PARTIES may also by such a vote
(i) define certain categories of exceptional circumstances to which other voting requirements shall apply for the waiver of obligations, and
(ii) prescribe such criteria as may be necessary for the application of this paragraph .
    第二十五條  締約國(guó)的聯(lián)合行動(dòng)
    1.為了貫徹實(shí)施本協(xié)定內(nèi)涉及聯(lián)合行動(dòng)的各項(xiàng)規(guī)定,以及,一般地說(shuō),為了便于實(shí)施本協(xié)定和促進(jìn)實(shí)現(xiàn)本協(xié)定所規(guī)定的目的,各締約國(guó)代表應(yīng)當(dāng)隨時(shí)集會(huì)。本協(xié)定中談到各締約國(guó)采取聯(lián)合行動(dòng)時(shí),一律稱(chēng)為締約國(guó)全體。
    2.聯(lián)合國(guó)秘書(shū)長(zhǎng)應(yīng)于1948年3月1日以前,召開(kāi)締約國(guó)全體第一次會(huì)議。
    3.每一締約國(guó)在締約國(guó)全體的各種會(huì)議上,應(yīng)有一票投票權(quán)。
    4.締約國(guó)全體的決議,除本協(xié)定另有規(guī)定外,應(yīng)以所投票數(shù)的多數(shù)通過(guò)。
    5.在本協(xié)定其它部分未作規(guī)定的特殊情況下,締約國(guó)全體可以解除某締約國(guó)對(duì)本協(xié)定所承擔(dān)的某項(xiàng)義務(wù);
    但這項(xiàng)決議,應(yīng)以所投票數(shù)的2/3的多數(shù)通過(guò),而且這一多數(shù)應(yīng)包括全體締約國(guó)的半數(shù)以上。締約國(guó)全體可以采用同樣投票方法:(甲)規(guī)定須采用其它投票方法來(lái)解除承擔(dān)義務(wù)的某些特殊情況,以及(乙)制訂為實(shí)施本款規(guī)定所必需的某種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
Article XXVI    Acceptance, Entry into Force and Registration
1. The date of this Agreement shall be 30 October 1947.
2. This Agreement shall be open for acceptance by any contracting party which, on 1 March 1955, was a contracting party or was negotiating with a view to accession to this Agreement.
3. This Agreement, done in a single English original and a single French original, both texts authentic, shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations, who shall furnish certified copies thereof to all interested governments.
4. Each government accepting this Agreement shall deposit an instrument of acceptance with the Executive Secretary  to the Contracting Parties, who will inform all interested governments of the date of deposit of each instrument of acceptance and of the day on which this Agreement enters into force under paragraph 6 of this Article.
5. (a) Each government accepting this Agreement does so in respect of its metropolitan territory and of the other territories for which it has international responsibility, except such separate customs territories as it shall notify to the Executive Secretary5 to the CONTRACTING PARTIES at the time of its own acceptance.
(b) Any government, which has so notified the Executive Secretary5 under the exceptions in subparagraph (a) of this paragraph, may at any time give notice to the Executive Secretary5 that its acceptance shall be effective in respect of any separate customs territory or territories so excepted and such notice shall take effect on the thirtieth day following the day on which it is received by the Executive Secretary.5
(c) If any of the customs territories, in respect of which a contracting party has accepted this Agreement, possesses or acquires full autonomy in the conduct of its external commercial relations and of the other matters provided for in this Agreement, such territory shall, upon sponsorship through a declaration by the responsible contracting party establishing the above-mentioned fact, be deemed to be a contracting party.
6. This Agreement shall enter into force, as among the governments which have accepted it, on the thirtieth day following the day on which instruments of acceptance have been deposited with Executive Secretary  to the Contracting Parties on behalf of governments named in Annex H, the territories of which account for 85 per centum of the total external trade of the territories of such governments, computed in accordance with the applicable column of percentages set forth therein.  The instrument of acceptance of each other government shall take effect on the thirtieth day following the day on which such instrument has been deposited.
7. The United Nations is authorized to effect registration of this Agreement as soon as it enters into force.
    第二十六條  本協(xié)定的接受、生效和登記
    1.本協(xié)定的簽署日期,應(yīng)為1947年10月30日。
    2.在1955年3月1日已是締約國(guó)或已正在談判加入本協(xié)定的任何締約國(guó),可以任憑接受本協(xié)定。
    3.本協(xié)定用1份英文正本和1份法文正本寫(xiě)成,兩種文本具有同等效力。本協(xié)定應(yīng)交給聯(lián)合國(guó)秘書(shū)長(zhǎng)存放。聯(lián)合國(guó)秘書(shū)長(zhǎng)應(yīng)將已核對(duì)的副本,送交各有關(guān)政府。
    4.接受本協(xié)定的每一政府,應(yīng)向締約國(guó)全體執(zhí)行秘書(shū)長(zhǎng)交存1份接受證書(shū),執(zhí)行秘書(shū)長(zhǎng)應(yīng)將每一接受證書(shū)的接受日期及按照本條第6款規(guī)定的本協(xié)定開(kāi)始生效的日期,通知各有關(guān)政府。
    5.(甲)凡接受本協(xié)定的政府,應(yīng)代表本國(guó)領(lǐng)土及其負(fù)有國(guó)際責(zé)任的其它領(lǐng)土而接受本協(xié)定;
    如有某些單獨(dú)關(guān)稅領(lǐng)土不由它來(lái)代表,應(yīng)在接受本協(xié)定時(shí)通知締約國(guó)全體執(zhí)行秘書(shū)長(zhǎng)。
    (乙)任何政府在經(jīng)按本款(甲)項(xiàng)的例外規(guī)定通知執(zhí)行秘書(shū)長(zhǎng)后,可以隨時(shí)通知執(zhí)行秘書(shū)長(zhǎng):它的對(duì)本協(xié)定的接受,應(yīng)對(duì)前作為例外的單獨(dú)關(guān)稅領(lǐng)土有效,但這項(xiàng)通知應(yīng)自執(zhí)行秘書(shū)長(zhǎng)接到通知之日后第三十日起生效。
    (丙)原由某締約國(guó)代表接受本協(xié)定的任何關(guān)稅領(lǐng)土,如現(xiàn)在在處理對(duì)外貿(mào)易關(guān)系和本協(xié)定規(guī)定的其它事務(wù)方面享有或取得完全自主權(quán),這一領(lǐng)土經(jīng)負(fù)責(zé)的締約國(guó)發(fā)表聲明證實(shí)上述事實(shí)后,應(yīng)視為本協(xié)定的一個(gè)締約國(guó)。
    6.本協(xié)定附件八所列各國(guó)政府,以政府名義向締約國(guó)全體執(zhí)行秘書(shū)長(zhǎng)交存接受證書(shū)后,如它們領(lǐng)土的對(duì)外貿(mào)易按附件八規(guī)定適用的百分比計(jì)算,達(dá)到附件所列各國(guó)政府的領(lǐng)土的全部對(duì)外貿(mào)易的85%時(shí),本協(xié)定應(yīng)自達(dá)到這項(xiàng)百分比之日后第三十日起,在這些接受的各國(guó)政府之間開(kāi)始生效。每一其它政府的接受證書(shū),應(yīng)自這一政府交存證書(shū)之日后第三十日起生效。
    7.本協(xié)定一經(jīng)生效,聯(lián)合國(guó)應(yīng)即予以登記。
Article XXVII    Withholding or Withdrawal of Concessions
Any contracting party shall at any time be free to withhold or to withdraw in whole or in part any concession, provided for in the appropriate Schedule annexed to this Agreement, in respect of which such contracting party determines that it was initially negotiated with a government which has not become, or has ceased to be, a contracting party.  A contracting party taking such action shall notify the CONTRACTING PARTIES and, upon request, consult with contracting parties which have a substantial interest in the product concerned.
    第二十七條  減讓的停止或撤銷(xiāo)
    如一締約國(guó)確定原與它談判減讓的另一國(guó)政府未成為本協(xié)定的締約國(guó),或已中止為本協(xié)定的締約國(guó),則這一締約國(guó)可以隨時(shí)全部或部分停止或撤銷(xiāo)本協(xié)定有關(guān)減讓表內(nèi)規(guī)定的任何減讓。締約國(guó)在采取這項(xiàng)行動(dòng)以前,應(yīng)通知締約國(guó)全體;
    如被要求,應(yīng)與有關(guān)產(chǎn)品有實(shí)質(zhì)利害關(guān)系的締約國(guó)進(jìn)行協(xié)商。
Article XXVIII    Modification of Schedules
1. On the first day of each three-year period, the first period beginning on 1 January 1958 (or on the first day of any other period* that may be specified by the CONTRACTING PARTIES by two-thirds of the votes cast) a contracting party (hereafter in this Article referred to as the "applicant contracting party") may, by negotiation and agreement with any contracting party with which such concession was initially negotiated and with any other contracting party determined by the CONTRACTING PARTIES to have a principal supplying interest* (which two preceding categories of contracting parties, together with the applicant contracting party, are in this Article hereinafter referred to as the "contracting parties primarily concerned"), and subject to consultation with any other contracting party determined by the CONTRACTING PARTIES to have a substantial interest* in such concession, modify or withdraw a concession* included in the appropriate schedule annexed to this Agreement.
2. In such negotiations and agreement, which may include provision for compensatory adjustment with respect to other products, the contracting parties concerned shall endeavour to maintain a general level of reciprocal and mutually advantageous concessions not less favourable to trade than that provided for in this Agreement prior to such negotiations.
3. (a) If agreement between the contracting parties primarily concerned cannot be reached before 1 January 1958 or before the expiration of a period envisaged in paragraph 1 of this Article, the contracting party which proposes to modify or withdraw the concession shall, nevertheless, be free to do so and if such action is taken any contracting party with which such concession was initially negotiated, any contracting party determined under paragraph 1 to have a principal supplying interest and any contracting party determined under paragraph 1 to have a substantial interest shall then be free not later than six months after such action is taken, to withdraw, upon the expiration of thirty days from the day on which written notice of such withdrawal is received by the CONTRACTING PARTIES, substantially equivalent concessions initially negotiated with the applicant contracting party.
(b) If agreement between the contracting parties primarily concerned is reached but any other contracting party determined under paragraph 1 of this Article to have a substantial interest is not satisfied, such other contracting party shall be free, not later than six months after action under such agreement is taken, to withdraw, upon the expiration of thirty days from the day on which written notice of such withdrawal is received by the CONTRACTING PARTIES, substantially equivalent concessions initially negotiated with the applicant contracting party.
4. The CONTRACTING PARTIES may, at any time, in special circumstances, authorize* a contracting party to enter into negotiations for modification or withdrawal of a concession included in the appropriate Schedule annexed to this Agreement subject to the following procedures and conditions:
(a) Such negotiations* and any related consultations shall be conducted in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 1 and 2 of this Article.
(b) If agreement between the contracting parties primarily concerned is reached in the negotiations, the provisions of paragraph 3 (b) of this Article shall apply.
(c) If agreement between the contracting parties primarily concerned is not reached within a period of sixty days* after negotiations have been authorized, or within such longer period as the CONTRACTING PARTIES may have prescribed, the applicant contracting party may refer the matter to the CONTRACTING PARTIES.
(d) Upon such reference, the CONTRACTING PARTIES shall promptly examine the matter and submit their views to the contracting parties primarily concerned with the aim of achieving a settlement.  If a settlement is reached, the provisions of paragraph 3 (b) shall apply as if agreement between the contracting parties primarily concerned had been reached.  If no settlement is reached between the contracting parties primarily concerned, the applicant contracting party shall be free to modify or withdraw the concession, unless the CONTRACTING PARTIES determine that the applicant contracting party has unreasonably failed to offer adequate compensation.*  If such action is taken, any contracting party with which the concession was initially negotiated, any contracting party determined under paragraph 4 (a) to have a principal supplying interest and any contracting party determined under paragraph 4 (a) to have a substantial interest, shall be free, not later than six months after such action is taken, to modify or withdraw, upon the expiration of thirty days from the day on which written notice of such withdrawal is received by the CONTRACTING PARTIES, substantially equivalent concessions initially negotiated with applicant contracting party.
5. Before 1 January 1958 and before the end of any period envisaged in paragraph 1 a contracting party may elect by notifying the CONTRACTING PARTIES to reserve the right, for the duration of the next period, to modify the appropriate Schedule in accordance with the procedures of paragraph 1 to 3.  If a contracting party so elects, other contracting parties shall have the right, during the same period, to modify or withdraw, in accordance with the same procedures, concessions initially negotiated with that contracting party.
Article XXVIII   bisTariff Negotiations
1. The contracting parties recognize that customs duties often constitute serious obstacles to trade;  thus negotiations on a reciprocal and mutually advantageous basis, directed to the substantial reduction of the general level of tariffs and other charges on imports and exports and in particular to the reduction of such high tariffs as discourage the importation even of minimum quantities, and conducted with due regard to the objectives of this Agreement and the varying needs of individual contracting parties, are of great importance to the expansion of international trade.  The CONTRACTING PARTIES may therefore sponsor such negotiations from time to time.
2. (a) Negotiations under this Article may be carried out on a selective product-by-product basis or by the application of such multilateral procedures as may be accepted by the contracting parties concerned.  Such negotiations may be directed towards the reduction of duties, the binding of duties at then existing levels or undertakings that individual duties or the average duties on specified categories of products shall not exceed specified levels.  The binding against increase of low duties or of duty-free treatment shall, in principle, be recognized as a concession equivalent in value to the reduction of high duties.
 (b) The contracting parties recognize that in general the success of multilateral negotiations would depend on the participation of all contracting parties which conduct a substantial proportion of their external trade with one another.
3. Negotiations shall be conducted on a basis which affords adequate opportunity to take into account:
 (a) the needs of individual contracting parties and individual industries;
 (b) the needs of less-developed countries for a more flexible use of tariff protection to assist their economic development and the special needs of these countries to maintain tariffs for revenue purposes;  and
 (c) all other relevant circumstances, including the fiscal,* developmental, strategic and other needs of the contracting parties concerned.
    第二十八條  減讓表的修改
    1.在每三年的第一天(第一期自1958年1月1日起),或締約國(guó)全體以所投票數(shù)的2/3規(guī)定的任何其他期限的第一天,一締約國(guó)(在本條內(nèi)此后簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)申請(qǐng)締約國(guó))經(jīng)與原議定減讓的另一締約國(guó)和締約國(guó)全體認(rèn)為在供應(yīng)上具有主要利害關(guān)系的其它締約國(guó)(上述兩類(lèi)締約國(guó)連同申請(qǐng)締約國(guó)在本條內(nèi),此后簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)主要有關(guān)締約各國(guó))談判取得協(xié)議,并須與締約國(guó)全體認(rèn)為在減讓中有實(shí)質(zhì)利害關(guān)系的其它締約國(guó)進(jìn)行協(xié)商的條件下,可以修改或撤銷(xiāo)本協(xié)定有關(guān)減讓表內(nèi)所列的末項(xiàng)減讓。
    2.在上述談判和協(xié)議中(對(duì)其它產(chǎn)品所作的補(bǔ)償性調(diào)整規(guī)定可能包括在內(nèi)),有關(guān)締約國(guó)應(yīng)力求維持互惠互利減讓的一般水平,使其對(duì)貿(mào)易的優(yōu)待不低于談判前本協(xié)定所規(guī)定的水平。
    3.(甲)如在主要有關(guān)締約各國(guó)之間,不能在1958年1月1日或在本條第1款所規(guī)定的期限屆滿以前達(dá)成協(xié)議時(shí),原擬修改或撤銷(xiāo)減讓的締約國(guó)仍然可以隨時(shí)采取行動(dòng),而且,如已采取這一行動(dòng),則原來(lái)與它談判減讓的締約國(guó)和按照本條第1款認(rèn)為在供應(yīng)上具有主要利害關(guān)系的締約國(guó)以及按照第1款認(rèn)為有實(shí)質(zhì)利害關(guān)系的締約國(guó),可以有權(quán)在不遲于行動(dòng)采取以后的6個(gè)月內(nèi),自締約國(guó)全體接到撤銷(xiāo)的書(shū)面通知書(shū)之日起屆滿30日后,撤銷(xiāo)大體上相當(dāng)于原來(lái)與申請(qǐng)締約國(guó)所議定的減讓。
    (乙)如主要有關(guān)締約各國(guó)之間已達(dá)成協(xié)議,但按照本條第1款認(rèn)為有實(shí)質(zhì)利害關(guān)系的其它締約國(guó)不能認(rèn)為滿意時(shí),則這一其它締約國(guó)在不遲于按照這項(xiàng)協(xié)議采取行動(dòng)以后的6個(gè)月內(nèi),自締約國(guó)全體接到撤銷(xiāo)的書(shū)面通知書(shū)之日起屆滿30日以后,應(yīng)可以撤銷(xiāo)大體上相當(dāng)于原來(lái)與申請(qǐng)締約國(guó)所議定的減讓。
    4.締約國(guó)全體可以隨時(shí)因特殊情況準(zhǔn)許某締約國(guó)進(jìn)行談判,以修改或撤銷(xiāo)本協(xié)定有關(guān)減讓表內(nèi)所列的某項(xiàng)減讓,但應(yīng)在下列程序和條件下進(jìn)行:
    (甲)這一談判和其它有關(guān)協(xié)商,應(yīng)按本條第1款和第2款的規(guī)定進(jìn)行。
    (乙)如主要有關(guān)締約各國(guó)之間在談判中達(dá)成協(xié)議,本條第3款的規(guī)定應(yīng)予適用。
    (丙)如主要有關(guān)締約各國(guó)之間不能在批準(zhǔn)的談判開(kāi)始后60天內(nèi)或締約國(guó)全體規(guī)定的更長(zhǎng)期間內(nèi)達(dá)成協(xié)議,這一申請(qǐng)締約國(guó)可將問(wèn)題提交締約國(guó)全體處理。
    (丁)問(wèn)題提交締約國(guó)全體后,締約國(guó)全體應(yīng)迅速對(duì)此進(jìn)行調(diào)查,并應(yīng)向主要有關(guān)締約國(guó)提出意見(jiàn),謀求解決辦法。如能獲得解決辦法,應(yīng)如在主要有關(guān)締約國(guó)之間達(dá)成協(xié)議一樣,適用本條第3款(乙)項(xiàng)的規(guī)定。如在主要有關(guān)締約國(guó)之間不能獲得解決辦法,除了締約國(guó)全體決定申請(qǐng)締約國(guó)不提供適當(dāng)補(bǔ)償是不合理的以外,申請(qǐng)締約國(guó)應(yīng)有權(quán)修改或撤銷(xiāo)減讓。如果采取這一行動(dòng),則原與它談判減讓的締約國(guó)以及按照本條第4款(甲)項(xiàng)認(rèn)為在供應(yīng)上具有主要利害關(guān)系的締約國(guó)和按照第4款(甲)項(xiàng)認(rèn)為有實(shí)質(zhì)利害關(guān)系的其它締約國(guó),應(yīng)有權(quán)在不遲于行動(dòng)采取以后的6個(gè)月內(nèi),自締約國(guó)全體接到撤銷(xiāo)的書(shū)面通知書(shū)之日起屆滿30日后,修正或撤銷(xiāo)大體相當(dāng)于原來(lái)與申請(qǐng)締約國(guó)所議定的減讓。
    5.1958年1月1日以前和本條第1款規(guī)定的其它期限結(jié)束以前,締約國(guó)可以采取通知締約國(guó)全體的方式,保留在下一期內(nèi)按照本條第1款至第3款的程序?qū)τ嘘P(guān)減讓表進(jìn)行修改的權(quán)利。如一締約國(guó)作此選擇,則其它締約國(guó)應(yīng)有權(quán)在同一時(shí)期內(nèi),按照同樣的程序修改或撤銷(xiāo)原與這一締約國(guó)協(xié)定的減讓。
    第二十八條  附加關(guān)稅談判
    1.締約各國(guó)認(rèn)為,關(guān)稅時(shí)常成為進(jìn)行貿(mào)易的嚴(yán)重障礙;
    因此,在互惠互利基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行談判,以大幅度降低關(guān)稅和進(jìn)出口其它費(fèi)用的一般水平,特別是降低那些使少量進(jìn)口都受到阻礙的高關(guān)稅,并在談判中適當(dāng)注意本協(xié)定的目的與締約各國(guó)的不同需要,這對(duì)發(fā)展國(guó)際貿(mào)易是非常需要的。為此,締約國(guó)全體可以不時(shí)主持這項(xiàng)談判。
    2.(甲)本條規(guī)定的談判,可以在有選擇的產(chǎn)品對(duì)產(chǎn)品的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行,或者通過(guò)實(shí)施有關(guān)締約國(guó)所接受的多邊程序來(lái)進(jìn)行。談判可以使關(guān)稅降低,把關(guān)稅固定在現(xiàn)有水平,或?qū)雾?xiàng)關(guān)稅或某幾種產(chǎn)品的平均關(guān)稅承擔(dān)義務(wù)不超過(guò)規(guī)定的水平。低關(guān)稅或免稅待遇承擔(dān)義務(wù)不再增加,在原則上應(yīng)視為一種在高關(guān)稅的降低價(jià)值相等的減讓。(乙)締約各國(guó)認(rèn)為,多邊談判的成功,一般來(lái)說(shuō)依賴(lài)于相互之間有相當(dāng)大的比例的對(duì)外貿(mào)易的所有締約國(guó)參加。
    3.談判時(shí)應(yīng)適當(dāng)考慮:(甲)某些締約國(guó)和某些工業(yè)的需要;
    (乙)發(fā)展中國(guó)家為了有助于經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展靈活運(yùn)用關(guān)稅保護(hù)的需要,以及為了財(cái)政收入維持關(guān)稅的特別需要;以及
    (丙)其它有關(guān)情況,包括有關(guān)締約國(guó)在財(cái)政上、發(fā)展上、戰(zhàn)略上和其它方面的需要。
Article XXIX    The Relation of this Agreement to the Havana Charter
1. The contracting parties undertake to observe to the fullest extent of their executive authority the general principles of Chapters I to VI inclusive and of Chapter IX of the Havana Charter pending their acceptance of it in accordance with their constitutional procedures.*
2. Part II of this Agreement shall be suspended on the day on which the Havana Charter enters into force.
3. If by September 30, 1949, the Havana Charter has not entered into force, the contracting parties shall meet before December 31, 1949, to agree whether this Agreement shall be amended, supplemented or maintained.
4. If at any time the Havana Charter should cease to be in force, the CONTRACTING PARTIES shall meet as soon as practicable thereafter to agree whether this Agreement shall be supplemented, amended or maintained.  Pending such agreement, Part II of this Agreement shall again enter into force;  Provided that the provisions of Part II other than Article XXIII shall be replaced, mutatis mutandis, in the form in which they then appeared in the Havana Charter;  and Provided further that no contracting party shall be bound by any provisions which did not bind it at the time when the Havana Charter ceased to be in force.
5. If any contracting party has not accepted the Havana Charter by the date upon which it enters into force, the CONTRACTING PARTIES shall confer to agree whether, and if so in what way, this Agreement in so far as it affects relations between such contracting party and other contracting parties, shall be supplemented or amended.  Pending such agreement the provisions of Part II of this Agreement shall, notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 2 of this Article, continue to apply as between such contracting party and other contracting parties.
6. Contracting parties which are Members of the International Trade Organization shall not invoke the provisions of this Agreement so as to prevent the operation of any provision of the Havana Charter.  The application of the principle underlying this paragraph to any contracting party which is not a Member of the International Trade Organization shall be the subject of an agreement pursuant to paragraph 5 of this Article.
    第二十九條  本協(xié)定與哈瓦那憲章的關(guān)系
    1.締約各國(guó)在按照各自的憲法程序接受哈瓦那憲章以前,應(yīng)承擔(dān)義務(wù)在其行政權(quán)力所及的范圍內(nèi)盡量遵守哈瓦那憲章第一章至第六章以及第九章的一般原則。
    2.本協(xié)定第二部分的各項(xiàng)規(guī)定,應(yīng)在哈瓦那憲章生效之日起停止生效。
    3.如至1949年9月30日哈瓦那憲章尚未生效,締約各國(guó)應(yīng)于1949年12月31日以前集會(huì),以商定是否需要對(duì)本協(xié)定加以修正、補(bǔ)充或維持。
    4.不論何時(shí)如哈瓦那憲章停止生效,締約各國(guó)應(yīng)迅速集會(huì)以商定是否需要對(duì)本協(xié)定加以補(bǔ)充、修正或維持。在取得協(xié)議以前,本協(xié)定第二部分各項(xiàng)規(guī)定應(yīng)重新有效。但是,第二部分的各條規(guī)定,除第二十三條以外,應(yīng)基本上以當(dāng)時(shí)已作了修改的哈瓦那憲章所規(guī)定的內(nèi)容代替;
    而且,凡締約國(guó)在哈瓦那憲章停止生效時(shí)對(duì)某項(xiàng)規(guī)定沒(méi)有承擔(dān)義務(wù)的,應(yīng)對(duì)這項(xiàng)規(guī)定不承擔(dān)義務(wù)。
    5.如果某一締約國(guó)在哈瓦那憲章已生效后仍未接受憲章,締約國(guó)全體應(yīng)即進(jìn)行協(xié)商,就本協(xié)定影響的這一締約國(guó)與其它締約國(guó)之間的關(guān)系方面,商定是否需要對(duì)協(xié)定加以補(bǔ)充或修正以及如何補(bǔ)充或修正。在達(dá)成協(xié)議以前,雖有本條第2款的規(guī)定,在不接受憲章的締約國(guó)與其它締約國(guó)之間,本協(xié)定第二部分的各項(xiàng)規(guī)定應(yīng)繼續(xù)實(shí)施。
    6.凡系國(guó)際貿(mào)易組織成員國(guó)的各締約國(guó),不應(yīng)引用本協(xié)定的規(guī)定來(lái)阻止哈瓦那憲章各項(xiàng)規(guī)定的運(yùn)用。對(duì)不是國(guó)際貿(mào)易組織成員國(guó)的締約國(guó)實(shí)施本款所包含的原則,應(yīng)是本條第5款的協(xié)商的一個(gè)項(xiàng)目。
Article XXX    Amendments
1. Except where provision for modification is made elsewhere in this Agreement, amendments to the provisions of Part I of this Agreement or the provisions of Article XXIX or of this Article shall become effective upon acceptance by all the contracting parties, and other amendments to this Agreement shall become effective, in respect of those contracting parties which accept them, upon acceptance by two-thirds of the contracting parties and thereafter for each other contracting party upon acceptance by it.
2. Any contracting party accepting an amendment to this Agreement shall deposit an instrument of acceptance with the Secretary-General of the United Nations within such period as the CONTRACTING PARTIES may specify.  The CONTRACTING PARTIES may decide that any amendment made effective under this Article is of such a nature that any contracting party which has not accepted it within a period specified by the CONTRACTING PARTIES shall be free to withdraw from this Agreement, or to remain a contracting party with the consent of the CONTRACTING PARTIES.
    第三十條  本協(xié)定的修正
    1.除本協(xié)定其它部分另有規(guī)定者外,本協(xié)定第一部分或第二十九條或本條的修正,應(yīng)于所有締約國(guó)接受后生效;
    本協(xié)定其它條款的修正,應(yīng)于2/3以上締約國(guó)接受后在這些已接受的各締約國(guó)之間生效,而以后每一其它締約國(guó),則于這一其它締約國(guó)接受這項(xiàng)修正時(shí)生效。
    2.凡接受本協(xié)定某項(xiàng)修正的任何締約國(guó),應(yīng)于締約國(guó)全體指定期限內(nèi)將接受證書(shū)送交聯(lián)合國(guó)秘書(shū)長(zhǎng)存放。締約國(guó)全體可以決定,按本條生效的某項(xiàng)修正應(yīng)具有這樣的性質(zhì):締約國(guó)在締約國(guó)全體的指定期間未接受這項(xiàng)修正的,可以退出本協(xié)定,或經(jīng)締約國(guó)全體同意仍繼續(xù)作為本協(xié)定的締約國(guó)。
Article XXXI    Withdrawal
Without prejudice to the provisions of paragraph 12 of Article XVIII, of Article XXIII or of paragraph 2 of Article XXX, any contracting party may withdraw from this Agreement, or may separately withdraw on behalf of any of the separate customs territories for which it has international responsibility and which at the time possesses full autonomy in the conduct of its external commercial relations and of the other matters provided for in this Agreement.  The withdrawal shall take effect upon the expiration of six months from the day on which written notice of withdrawal is received by the Secretary-General of the United Nations.
    第三十一條  本協(xié)定的退出
    在不損害本協(xié)定第十八條第12款或第二十三條或第三十條第2款的規(guī)定的條件下,任何締約國(guó)可以退出本協(xié)定,或單獨(dú)代表其負(fù)有國(guó)際責(zé)任而在對(duì)外貿(mào)易關(guān)系和本協(xié)定規(guī)定的其它事務(wù)的處理方面當(dāng)時(shí)享有完全自主權(quán)的任何單獨(dú)關(guān)稅領(lǐng)土退出本協(xié)定。這項(xiàng)退出應(yīng)于聯(lián)合國(guó)秘書(shū)長(zhǎng)接到退出通知書(shū)之日起6個(gè)月后生效。
Article XXXII    Contracting Parties
1. The contracting parties to this Agreement shall be understood to mean those governments which are applying the provisions of this Agreement under Articles XXVI or XXXIII or pursuant to the Protocol of Provisional Application.
2. At any time after the entry into force of this Agreement pursuant to paragraph 6 of Article XXVI, those contracting parties which have accepted this Agreement pursuant to paragraph 4 of Article XXVI  may decide that any contracting party which has not so accepted it shall cease to be a contracting party.
    第三十二條  締約國(guó)
    1.本協(xié)定的締約國(guó)應(yīng)理解為依照本協(xié)定第二十六條或第三十三條或《臨時(shí)實(shí)施議定書(shū)》實(shí)施本協(xié)定各項(xiàng)規(guī)定的各國(guó)政府。
    2.本協(xié)定按照第二十六條第6款生效后,按照本協(xié)定第二十六條第4款接受本協(xié)定的締約各國(guó),可以作出決定停止未接受本協(xié)定的締約國(guó)為締約國(guó)。
Article XXXIII    Accession
A government not party to this Agreement, or a government acting on behalf of a separate customs territory possessing full autonomy in the conduct of its external commercial relations and of the other matters provided for in this Agreement, may accede to this Agreement, on its own behalf or on behalf of that territory, on terms to be agreed between such government and the CONTRACTING PARTIES.  Decisions of the CONTRACTING PARTIES under this paragraph shall be taken by a two-thirds majority.
    第三十三條  本協(xié)定的加入
    不屬于本協(xié)定締約國(guó)的政府,或代表某個(gè)在對(duì)外貿(mào)易關(guān)系和本協(xié)定所規(guī)定的其它事務(wù)的處理方面享有完全自主權(quán)的單獨(dú)關(guān)稅領(lǐng)土的政府,可以在這一政府與締約國(guó)全體所議定的條件下,代表它本身或代表這一領(lǐng)土加入本協(xié)定。締約國(guó)全體按本款規(guī)定作出決定時(shí),應(yīng)由2/3的多數(shù)通過(guò)。
Article XXXIV    Annexes
The annexes to this Agreement are hereby made an integral part of this Agreement.
    第三十四條  附件
    本協(xié)定的附件,應(yīng)為本協(xié)定的組成部分。
Article XXXV    Non-application of the Agreement between Particular Contracting Parties
1. This Agreement, or alternatively Article II of this Agreement, shall not apply as between any contracting party and any other contracting party if: 
(a) the two contracting parties have not entered into tariff negotiations with each other, and
(b) either of the contracting parties, at the time either becomes a contracting party, does not consent to such application.
2. The CONTRACTING PARTIES may review the operation of this Article in particular cases at the request of any contracting party and make appropriate recommendations.
PART IV    TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT
    第三十五條  在特定的締約國(guó)之間不適用本協(xié)定
    1.如果:
    (甲)兩個(gè)締約國(guó)之間沒(méi)有進(jìn)行關(guān)稅談判,和(乙)締約國(guó)的任何一方在另一方成為締約國(guó)時(shí)不同意對(duì)它實(shí)施本協(xié)定,本協(xié)定或本協(xié)定第二條在這兩締約國(guó)之間應(yīng)不適用。
    2.經(jīng)任何締約國(guó)提出請(qǐng)求,締約國(guó)全體可以檢查在特定情況下本條規(guī)定的執(zhí)行情況,并提出適當(dāng)建議。
    第四部分貿(mào)易和發(fā)展
Article XXXVI    Principles and Objectives
1.* The contracting parties,
(a) recalling that the basic objectives of this Agreement include the raising of standards of living and the progressive development of the economies of all contracting parties, and considering that the attainment of these objectives is particularly urgent for less-developed contracting parties;
(b) considering that export earnings of the less-developed contracting parties can play a vital part in their economic development and that the extent of this contribution depends on the prices paid by the less-developed contracting parties for essential imports, the volume of their exports, and the prices received for these exports;
(c) noting, that there is a wide gap between standards of living in less-developed countries and in other countries;
(d) recognizing that individual and joint action is essential to further the development of the economies of less-developed contracting parties and to bring about a rapid advance in the standards of living in these countries;
(e) recognizing that international trade as a means of achieving economic and social advancement should be governed by such rules and procedures - and measures in conformity with such rules and procedures - as are consistent with the objectives set forth in this Article;
(f) noting that the CONTRACTING PARTIES may enable less-developed contracting parties to use special measures to promote their trade and development; 
agree as follows.
2. There is need for a rapid and sustained expansion of the export earnings of the less-developed contracting parties.
3. There is need for positive efforts designed to ensure that less-developed contracting parties secure a share in the growth in international trade commensurate with the needs of their economic development.
4. Given the continued dependence of many less-developed contracting parties on the exportation of a limited range of primary products,* there is need to provide in the largest possible measure more favourable and acceptable conditions of access to world markets for these products, and wherever appropriate to devise measures designed to stabilize and improve conditions of world markets in these products, including in particular measures designed to attain stable, equitable and remunerative prices, thus permitting an expansion of world trade and demand and a dynamic and steady growth of the real export earnings of these countries so as to provide them with expanding resources for their economic development.
5. The rapid expansion of the economies of the less-developed contracting parties will be facilitated by a diversification* of the structure of their economies and the avoidance of an excessive dependence on the export of primary products.  There is, therefore, need for increased access in the largest possible measure to markets under favourable conditions for processed and manufactured products currently or potentially of particular export interest to less-developed contracting parties.
6. Because of the chronic deficiency in the export proceeds and other foreign exchange earnings of less-developed contracting parties, there are important inter-relationships between trade and financial assistance to development.  There is, therefore, need for close and continuing collaboration between the CONTRACTING PARTIES and the international lending agencies so that they can contribute most effectively to alleviating the burdens these less-developed contracting parties assume in the interest of their economic development.
7. There is need for appropriate collaboration between the CONTRACTING PARTIES, other intergovernmental bodies and the organs and agencies of the United Nations system, whose activities relate to the trade and economic development of less-developed countries.
8. The developed contracting parties do not expect reciprocity for commitments made by them in trade negotiations to reduce or remove tariffs and other barriers to the trade of less-developed contracting parties.*
9. The adoption of measures to give effect to these principles and objectives shall be a matter of conscious and purposeful effort on the part of the contracting parties both individually and jointly.
    第三十六條  原則和目的
    1.締約各國(guó),(甲)憶及本協(xié)定的基本目的有提高所有締約國(guó)的生活水平和不斷發(fā)展所有締約國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì),并考慮這些目的的實(shí)現(xiàn),對(duì)發(fā)展中的締約各國(guó)是特別迫切的;
    (乙)考慮到發(fā)展中的締約國(guó)的出口收入,在其經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中可起重要作用,并考慮到這種貢獻(xiàn)的大小取決于發(fā)展中的締約國(guó)對(duì)進(jìn)口必需品所付的價(jià)格,它們的出口商品數(shù)量以及這些出口商品所能取得的價(jià)格;
    (丙)注意到發(fā)展中國(guó)家和其它國(guó)家之間的生活水平有一個(gè)很大的差距;
    (丁)認(rèn)為單獨(dú)和聯(lián)合行動(dòng)對(duì)促進(jìn)發(fā)展中的各締約國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展,并使這些國(guó)家的生活水平得到迅速提高是必要的;
    (戊)認(rèn)為作為取得經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展的手段的國(guó)際貿(mào)易,應(yīng)當(dāng)按與本條規(guī)定的目的相符的規(guī)則與程序以及符合這些規(guī)則程序的措施加以管理;
    (己)注意到締約國(guó)全體能使發(fā)展中的締約各國(guó)采用特別措施,以促進(jìn)它們的貿(mào)易和發(fā)展。
    議定如下條款。
    2.發(fā)展中的締約各國(guó)須要迅速和持續(xù)地發(fā)展其出口收入。
    3.有必要做出積極努力,以保證發(fā)展中的締約國(guó)在國(guó)際貿(mào)易中能占有與它們經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展需要相適應(yīng)的份額。
    4.由于許多發(fā)展中的締約國(guó)長(zhǎng)期依靠某些有限初級(jí)產(chǎn)品的出口,因此,要盡最大可能對(duì)這些產(chǎn)品進(jìn)入世界市場(chǎng)提供更為有利和滿意的條件,而且,在認(rèn)為適當(dāng)時(shí),要擬訂措施以穩(wěn)定和改善這些產(chǎn)品在世界市場(chǎng)的狀況,特別是擬定一些旨在達(dá)到穩(wěn)定、公平和有利價(jià)格的措施,使世界貿(mào)易和需要有所發(fā)展,使這些國(guó)家出口的實(shí)際收入有一個(gè)不停頓的和穩(wěn)定的增長(zhǎng),為它們的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展提供更多的資源。
    5.經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)的多樣化和避免過(guò)份依賴(lài)于初級(jí)產(chǎn)品的出口,將有利于發(fā)展中的締約國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的迅速發(fā)展。因此,對(duì)與發(fā)展中的締約國(guó)目前或潛在的出口利益特別有關(guān)的某些加工品或制成品,要在有利條件下,盡最大可能增加其進(jìn)入市場(chǎng)的機(jī)會(huì)。
    6.由于發(fā)展中的締約國(guó)的出口收入和其它外匯收入長(zhǎng)期缺乏,貿(mào)易和財(cái)政援助對(duì)于發(fā)展有著重要的相互關(guān)系。因此,在締約國(guó)全體和國(guó)際信貸機(jī)構(gòu)之間需要緊密和持久合作,這樣可以作出最有效的貢獻(xiàn),以減輕發(fā)展中的締約國(guó)在發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)中的負(fù)擔(dān)。
    7.締約國(guó)全體同與發(fā)展中國(guó)家的貿(mào)易和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展有關(guān)的其它國(guó)際團(tuán)體和聯(lián)合國(guó)的附屬機(jī)構(gòu)之間,須要適當(dāng)合作。
    8.發(fā)達(dá)的締約國(guó)對(duì)它們?cè)谫Q(mào)易談判中對(duì)發(fā)展中的締約國(guó)的貿(mào)易所承諾的減少或撤除關(guān)稅和其它壁壘的義務(wù),不能希望得到互惠。
    9.締約各國(guó)應(yīng)單獨(dú)和聯(lián)合作出自覺(jué)和有目的的努力,為實(shí)現(xiàn)這些原則和目的而采取措施。
Article XXXVII    Commitments
1. The developed contracting parties shall to the fullest extent possible - that is, except when compelling reasons, which may include legal reasons, make it impossible - give effect to the following provisions:
(a) accord high priority to the reduction and elimination of barriers to products currently or potentially of particular export interest to less-developed contracting parties, including customs duties and other restrictions which differentiate unreasonably between such products in their primary and in their processed forms;*
(b) refrain from introducing, or increasing the incidence of, customs duties or non-tariff import barriers on products currently or potentially of particular export interest to less-developed contracting parties;  and
(c) (i) refrain from imposing new fiscal measures, and
(ii) in any adjustments of fiscal policy accord high priority to the reduction and elimination of fiscal measures, which would hamper, or which hamper, significantly the growth of consumption of primary products, in raw or processed form, wholly or mainly produced in the territories of less-developed contracting parties, and which are applied specifically to those products.
2. (a) Whenever it is considered that effect is not being given to any of the provisions of subparagraph (a), (b) or (c) of paragraph 1, the matter shall be reported to the CONTRACTING PARTIES either by the contracting party not so giving effect to the relevant provisions or by any other interested contracting party.
(b) (i) The CONTRACTING PARTIES shall, if requested so to do by any interested contracting party, and without prejudice to any bilateral consultations that may be undertaken, consult with the contracting party concerned and all interested contracting parties with respect to the matter with a view to reaching solutions satisfactory to all contracting parties concerned in order to further the objectives set forth in Article XXXVI.  In the course of these consultations, the reasons given in cases where effect was not being given to the provisions of subparagraph (a), (b) or (c) of paragraph 1 shall be examined.
(ii) As the implementation of the provisions of subparagraph (a), (b) or (c) of paragraph 1 by individual contracting parties may in some cases be more readily achieved where action is taken jointly with other developed contracting parties, such consultation might, where appropriate, be directed towards this end.
(iii) The consultations by the CONTRACTING PARTIES might also, in appropriate cases, be directed towards agreement on joint action designed to further the objectives of this Agreement as envisaged in paragraph 1 of Article XXV.
3. The developed contracting parties shall:
(a) make every effort, in cases where a government directly or indirectly determines the resale price of products wholly or mainly produced in the territories of less-developed contracting parties, to maintain trade margins at equitable levels;
(b) give active consideration to the adoption of other measures* designed to provide greater scope for the development of imports from less-developed contracting parties and collaborate in appropriate international action to this end;
(c) have special regard to the trade interests of less-developed contracting parties when considering the application of other measures permitted under this Agreement to meet particular problems and explore all possibilities of constructive remedies before applying such measures where they would affect essential interests of those contracting parties.
4. Less-developed contracting parties agree to take appropriate action in implementation of the provisions of Part IV for the benefit of the trade of other less-developed contracting parties, in so far as such action is consistent with their individual present and future development, financial and trade needs taking into account past trade developments as well as the trade interests of less-developed contracting parties as a whole.
5. In the implementation of the commitments set forth in paragraph 1 to 4 each contracting party shall afford to any other interested contracting party or contracting parties full and prompt opportunity for consultations under the normal procedures of this Agreement with respect to any matter or difficulty which may arise.
    第三十七條  承諾的義務(wù)
    1.發(fā)達(dá)的締約各國(guó)--除因被迫原因(也可能包括法律的原因)不能實(shí)施外--應(yīng)盡可能實(shí)施以下條款:
    (甲)優(yōu)先降低和撤除與發(fā)展中的締約國(guó)目前或潛在的出口利益特別有關(guān)的產(chǎn)品的壁壘,包括其初級(jí)產(chǎn)品和加工產(chǎn)品之間的不合理的差別關(guān)稅和其它限制;
    (乙)對(duì)與發(fā)展中的締約國(guó)目前或潛在的出口利益特別有關(guān)的產(chǎn)品,不建立新的關(guān)稅或非關(guān)稅進(jìn)口壁壘,或加強(qiáng)已有的這些壁壘;以及
    (丙)(1)不實(shí)施新的財(cái)政措施,和(2)在調(diào)整財(cái)政政策時(shí),優(yōu)先放寬和撤除財(cái)政措施,如果這些財(cái)政措施會(huì)阻礙或已經(jīng)阻礙那些完全或主要來(lái)自發(fā)展中的締約國(guó)領(lǐng)土的未加工或已加工的初級(jí)產(chǎn)品的消費(fèi)的顯著增長(zhǎng),并且系針對(duì)這些產(chǎn)品而實(shí)施的。
    2.(甲)如認(rèn)為本條第1款(甲)、(乙)或(丙)項(xiàng)中的任何一項(xiàng)規(guī)定沒(méi)有付諸實(shí)施,沒(méi)有實(shí)施有關(guān)規(guī)定的締約國(guó)或其它有關(guān)締約國(guó)應(yīng)向締約國(guó)全體報(bào)告這個(gè)問(wèn)題。
    (乙)(1)經(jīng)某一有利害關(guān)系的締約國(guó)提出要求,并對(duì)可能進(jìn)行的雙邊協(xié)商不造成任何損害的情況下,締約國(guó)全體應(yīng)就這個(gè)問(wèn)題與有關(guān)締約國(guó)以及有利害關(guān)系的所有締約國(guó)進(jìn)行協(xié)商,設(shè)法達(dá)成使所有有關(guān)締約國(guó)滿意的解決辦法,以便促進(jìn)實(shí)現(xiàn)本協(xié)定第三十六條的目的。在協(xié)商過(guò)程中,應(yīng)當(dāng)檢查不能實(shí)施第1款(甲)、(乙)或(丙)項(xiàng)所列舉的理由。(2)鑒于在某些情況下某締約國(guó)與其它發(fā)達(dá)的締約國(guó)采取聯(lián)合行動(dòng)可能更容易實(shí)施本條第1款(甲)、(乙)或(丙)項(xiàng)的規(guī)定,因此,如認(rèn)為適當(dāng),可以為此而進(jìn)行協(xié)商。(3)締約國(guó)全體在適當(dāng)情況下,也可以協(xié)商采取第二十五條第1款規(guī)定的旨在促進(jìn)實(shí)現(xiàn)本協(xié)定的目的的聯(lián)合行動(dòng)。
    3.發(fā)達(dá)的締約國(guó)應(yīng)當(dāng):
    (甲)在由政府直接或間接決定產(chǎn)品的轉(zhuǎn)售價(jià)格的情況下,對(duì)完全或主要來(lái)自發(fā)展中的締約國(guó)領(lǐng)土的產(chǎn)品,盡力將貿(mào)易利潤(rùn)維持在公平的水平;
    (乙)積極考慮采取其它措施,為擴(kuò)大從發(fā)展中的締約國(guó)進(jìn)口提供更大的范圍,并為此在有關(guān)的國(guó)際活動(dòng)中予以合作;
    (丙)在考慮采取本協(xié)定所許可的其它措施以解決某項(xiàng)特殊問(wèn)題時(shí),應(yīng)特別注意發(fā)展中的締約國(guó)的貿(mào)易利益;而且,如采取的措施將影響發(fā)展中的締約各國(guó)的根本利益時(shí),在實(shí)施這些以前,應(yīng)研究一切可能的積極的糾正辦法。
    4.發(fā)展中的締約國(guó)同意采取適當(dāng)措施,為其它發(fā)展中的締約國(guó)的貿(mào)易利益來(lái)貫徹實(shí)施本協(xié)定第四部分的各項(xiàng)規(guī)定,但所采取的措施,應(yīng)符合它們各自目前和將來(lái)的發(fā)展、財(cái)政和貿(mào)易需要,過(guò)去的貿(mào)易發(fā)展及整個(gè)發(fā)展中的締約國(guó)的貿(mào)易利益應(yīng)考慮在內(nèi)。
    5.在履行本條第1款至第4款所承諾的義務(wù)時(shí),每一締約國(guó)應(yīng)對(duì)另一有關(guān)締約國(guó)或其它有關(guān)各締約國(guó)給予充分和及時(shí)的機(jī)會(huì),以便對(duì)可能發(fā)生的任何問(wèn)題和困難,按照本協(xié)定正常的程序進(jìn)行協(xié)商。
Article XXXVIII    Joint Action
1. The contracting parties shall collaborate jointly, with the framework of this Agreement and elsewhere, as appropriate, to further the objectives set forth in Article XXXVI.
2. In particular, the CONTRACTING PARTIES shall:
(a) where appropriate, take action, including action through international arrangements, to provide improved and acceptable conditions of access to world markets for primary products of particular interest to less-developed contracting parties and to devise measures designed to stabilize and improve conditions of world markets in these products including measures designed to attain stable, equitable and remunerative prices for exports of such products;
(b) seek appropriate collaboration in matters of trade and development policy with the United Nations and its organs and agencies, including any institutions that may be created on the basis of recommendations by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development;
(c) collaborate in analysing the development plans and policies of individual less-developed contracting parties and in examining trade and aid relationships with a view to devising concrete measures to promote the development of export potential and to facilitate access to export markets for the products of the industries thus developed and, in this connection, seek appropriate collaboration with governments and international organizations, and in particular with organizations having competence in relation to financial assistance for economic development, in systematic studies of trade and aid relationships in individual less-developed contracting parties aimed at obtaining a clear analysis of export potential, market prospects and any further action that may be required; 
(d) keep under continuous review the development of world trade with special reference to the rate of growth of the trade of less-developed contracting parties and make such recommendations to contracting parties as may, in the circumstances, be deemed appropriate;
(e) collaborate in seeking feasible methods to expand trade for the purpose of economic development, through international harmonization and adjustment of national policies and regulations, through technical and commercial standards affecting production, transportation and marketing, and through export promotion by the establishment of facilities for the increased flow of trade information and the development of market research;  and
(f) establish such institutional arrangements as may be necessary to further the objectives set forth in Article XXXVI and to give effect to the provision of this Part.
    第三十八條  聯(lián)合行動(dòng)
    1.締約各國(guó)應(yīng)在本協(xié)定規(guī)定的范圍內(nèi)和在其它適當(dāng)情況下共同合作,以促進(jìn)實(shí)現(xiàn)本協(xié)定第三十六條的目的。
    2.締約國(guó)全體特別應(yīng)當(dāng):
    (甲)在適當(dāng)?shù)那闆r下,采取措施,包括通過(guò)國(guó)際安排,為發(fā)展中的締約各國(guó)利益特別有關(guān)的初級(jí)產(chǎn)品進(jìn)入世界市場(chǎng),提供改進(jìn)和滿意的條件,并擬定旨在穩(wěn)定和改善這些產(chǎn)品的世界市場(chǎng)狀況的措施,包括為這些產(chǎn)品的出口獲得穩(wěn)定、公平和有利價(jià)格所采取的措施;
    (乙)在貿(mào)易與發(fā)展政策方面,同聯(lián)合國(guó)及它的附屬機(jī)構(gòu),包括根據(jù)聯(lián)合國(guó)貿(mào)易和發(fā)展會(huì)議的建議而產(chǎn)生的任何機(jī)構(gòu),謀求適當(dāng)合作;
    (丙)與發(fā)展中的締約國(guó)一起共同分析它們的發(fā)展計(jì)劃和政策,共同研究貿(mào)易和援助的關(guān)系,以便擬定具體措施,以促進(jìn)出口潛力的發(fā)展和便利因此發(fā)展起來(lái)的工業(yè)品進(jìn)入出口市場(chǎng),并應(yīng)在這方面同各國(guó)政府和各個(gè)國(guó)際組織,特別是同有關(guān)主管財(cái)政援助以發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)的國(guó)際組織進(jìn)行適當(dāng)合作,系統(tǒng)研究各個(gè)發(fā)展中的締約國(guó)的貿(mào)易和援助關(guān)系,以便對(duì)出口潛力、市場(chǎng)前景及任何需要進(jìn)一步采取的措施,能有一個(gè)明確的分析;
    (。⿵陌l(fā)展中的締約國(guó)的貿(mào)易增長(zhǎng)率的角度,經(jīng)常檢查世界貿(mào)易的發(fā)展情況,并在必要時(shí)向各締約國(guó)提供建議;
    (戊)通過(guò)國(guó)際性的協(xié)調(diào)和調(diào)整各國(guó)的政策和規(guī)章,通過(guò)影響生產(chǎn)、運(yùn)輸和銷(xiāo)售的技術(shù)和商業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),以及通過(guò)建立機(jī)構(gòu)來(lái)便利交流貿(mào)易情報(bào)和發(fā)展市場(chǎng)調(diào)研的促進(jìn)出口的措施,共同謀求開(kāi)展貿(mào)易、發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)的可行辦法;
    (己)建立某些必要的機(jī)構(gòu)以促進(jìn)實(shí)現(xiàn)本協(xié)定第三十六條所規(guī)定的目標(biāo)和貫徹實(shí)施本協(xié)定第四部分的規(guī)定。
ANNEX A    LIST OF TERRITORIES REFERRED TO IN PARAGRAPH 2 (a) OF ARTICLE I
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Dependent territories of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Canada
Commonwealth of Australia
Dependent territories of the Commonwealth of Australia
New Zealand
Dependent territories of New Zealand
Union of South Africa including South West Africa
Ireland
India (as on April 10, 1947)
Newfoundland
Southern Rhodesia
Burma
Ceylon
Certain of the territories listed above have two or more preferential rates in force for certain products.  Any such territory may, by agreement with the other contracting parties which are principal suppliers of such products at the most-favoured-nation rate, substitute for such preferential rates a single preferential rate which shall not on the whole be less favourable to suppliers at the most-favoured-nation rate than the preferences in force prior to such substitution.
The imposition of an equivalent margin of tariff preference to replace a margin of preference in an internal tax existing on April 10, 1947 exclusively between two or more of the territories listed in this Annex or to replace the preferential quantitative arrangements described in the following paragraph, shall not be deemed to constitute an increase in a margin of tariff preference.
The preferential arrangements referred to in paragraph 5 (b) of Article XIV are those existing in the United Kingdom on 10 April 1947, under contractual agreements with the Governments of Canada, Australia and New Zealand, in respect of chilled and frozen beef and veal, frozen mutton and lamb, chilled and frozen pork and bacon.  It is the intention, without prejudice to any action taken under subparagraph (h)  of Article XX, that these arrangements shall be eliminated or replaced by tariff preferences, and that negotiations to this end shall take place as soon as practicable among the countries substantially concerned or involved.
The film hire tax in force in New Zealand on 10 April 1947, shall, for the purposes of this Agreement, be treated as a customs duty under Article I.  The renters' film quota in force in New Zealand on April 10, 1947, shall, for the purposes of this Agreement, be treated as a screen quota under Article IV.
The Dominions of India and Pakistan have not been mentioned separately in the above list since they had not come into existence as such on the base date of April 10, 1947.
ANNEX B    LIST OF TERRITORIES OF THE FRENCH UNION REFERRED TO IN
PARAGRAPH 2 (b) OF ARTICLE I

France
French Equatorial Africa (Treaty Basin of the Congo   and other territories)
French West Africa
Cameroons under French Trusteeship8
French Somali Coast and Dependencies
French Establishments in Oceania
French Establishments in the Condominium of the New Hebrides8
Indo-China
Madagascar and Dependencies
Morocco (French zone)8
New Caledonia and Dependencies
Saint-Pierre and Miquelon
Togo under French Trusteeship8
Tunisia
ANNEX C    LIST OF TERRITORIES REFERRED TO IN PARAGRAPH 2 (b) OF ARTICLE I AS RESPECTS THE CUSTOMS UNION OF BELGIUM, LUXEMBURG
AND THE NETHERLANDS

The Economic Union of Belgium and Luxemburg
Belgian Congo
Ruanda Urundi
Netherlands
New Guinea
Surinam
Netherlands Antilles
Republic of Indonesia
For imports into the territories constituting the Customs Union only.
ANNEX D    LIST OF TERRITORIES REFERRED TO IN PARAGRAPH 2 (b) OF ARTICLE I AS RESPECTS THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
United States of America (customs territory)
Dependent territories of the United States of America
Republic of the Philippines
The imposition of an equivalent margin of tariff preference to replace a margin of preference in an internal tax existing on 10 April, 1947, exclusively between two or more of the territories listed in this Annex shall not be deemed to constitute an increase in a margin of tariff preference.
ANNEX E    LIST OF TERRITORIES COVERED BY PREFERENTIAL ARRANGEMENTS BETWEEN CHILE AND NEIGHBOURING COUNTRIES REFERRED TO
IN PARAGRAPH 2 (d) OF ARTICLE I

Preferences in force exclusively between Chile on the one hand, and
1. Argentina
2. Bolivia
3. Peru
on the other hand.
ANNEX F    LIST OF TERRITORIES COVERED BY PREFERENTIAL ARRANGEMENTS BETWEEN LEBANON AND SYRIA AND NEIGHBOURING COUNTRIES REFERRED TO IN PARAGRAPH 2 (d) OF ARTICLE I
Preferences in force exclusively between the Lebano-Syrian Customs Union, on the one hand, and
1. Palestine
2. Transjordan
on the other hand.
ANNEX G    DATES ESTABLISHING MAXIMUM MARGINS OF PREFERENCE REFERRED TO IN PARAGRAPH 4  OF ARTICLE I
Australia …………………………………………………………………………. October 15, 1946
Canada ………………………………………………………………………….…..…. July 1, 1939
France  …………………………………………………………………………..…January 1, 1939
Lebano-Syrian Customs Union ………………………………………………...November 30, 1938
Union of South Africa ……………………………………………………………...…..July 1, 1938
Southern Rhodesia …………………………………………………………………..... May 1, 1941
ANNEX H    PERCENTAGE SHARES OF TOTAL EXTERNAL TRADE TO BE USED FOR THE PURPOSE OF MAKING THE DETERMINATION REFERRED TO IN ARTICLE XXVI(BASED ON THE AVERAGE OF 1949-1953)
If, prior to the accession of the Government of Japan to the General Agreement, the present Agreement has been accepted by contracting parties the external trade of which under Column I accounts for the percentage of such trade specified in paragraph 6 of Article XXVI, column I shall be applicable for the purposes of that paragraph.  If the present Agreement has not been so accepted prior to the accession of the Government of Japan, column II shall be applicable for the purposes of that paragraph.
Column I
(Contracting parties on 1 March 1955) 
Column II
(Contracting parties on 1 March 1955 and Japan)
Australia 3.1 3.0
Austria 0.9 0.8
Belgium-Luxemburg 4.3 4.2
Brazil 2.5 2.4
Burma 0.3 0.3
Canada 6.7 6.5
Ceylon 0.5 0.5
Chile 0.6 0.6
Cuba 1.1 1.1
Czechoslovakia 1.4 1.4
Denmark 1.4 1.4
Dominican Republic 0.1 0.1
Finland 1.0 1.0
France 8.7 8.5
Germany, Federal Republic of 5.3 5.2
Greece 0.4 0.4
Haiti 0.1 0.1
India 2.4 2.4
Indonesia 1.3 1.3
Italy 2.9 2.8
Netherlands, Kingdom of the 4.7 4.6
New Zealand 1.0 1.0
Nicaragua 0.1 0.1
Norway 1.1 1.1
Pakistan 0.9 0.8
Peru 0.4 0.4
Rhodesia and Nyasaland 0.6 0.6
Sweden 2.5 2.4
Turkey 0.6 0.6
Union of South Africa 1.8 1.8
United Kingdom 20.3 19.8
United States of America 20.6 20.1
Uruguay 0.4 0.4
Japan - 2.3
 _____
100.0 _____
100.0
Note:  These percentages have been computed taking into account the trade of all territories in respect of which the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade is applied.
ANNEX I    NOTES AND SUPPLEMENTARY PROVISIONS
Ad Article I
Paragraph 1
The obligations incorporated in paragraph 1 of Article I by reference to paragraphs 2 and 4 of Article III and those incorporated in paragraph 2 (b) of Article II by reference to Article VI shall be considered as falling within Part II for the purposes of the Protocol of Provisional Application.
The cross-references, in the paragraph immediately above and in paragraph 1 of Article I, to paragraphs 2 and 4 of Article III shall only apply after Article III has been modified by the entry into force of the amendment provided for in the Protocol Modifying Part II and Article XXVI of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, dated September 14, 1948.
Paragraph 4
The term "margin of preference" means the absolute difference between the most-favoured-nation rate of duty and the preferential rate of duty for the like product, and not the proportionate relation between those rates.  As examples:
(1) If the most-favoured-nation rate were 36 per cent ad valorem and the preferential rate were 24 per cent ad valorem, the margin of preference would be 12 per cent ad valorem, and not one-third of the most-favoured-nation rate;
(2) If the most-favoured-nation rate were 36 per cent ad valorem and the preferential rate were expressed as two-thirds of the most-favoured-nation rate, the margin of preference would be 12 per cent ad valorem;
(3) If the most-favoured-nation rate were 2 francs per kilogramme and the preferential rate were 1.50 francs per kilogramme, the margin of preference would be 0.50 franc per kilogramme.
The following kinds of customs action, taken in accordance with established uniform procedures, would not be contrary to a general binding of margins of preference:
(i) The re-application to an imported product of a tariff classification or rate of duty, properly applicable to such product, in cases in which the application of such classification or rate to such product was temporarily suspended or inoperative on April 10, 1947;  and
(ii) The classification of a particular product under a tariff item other than that under which importations of that product were classified on April 10, 1947, in cases in which the tariff law clearly contemplates that such product may be classified under more than one tariff item.
Ad Article II
Paragraph 2 (a)
The cross-reference, in paragraph 2 (a) of Article II, to paragraph 2 of Article III shall only apply after Article III has been modified by the entry into force of the amendment provided for in the Protocol Modifying Part II and Article XXVI of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, dated September 14, 1948.
Paragraph 2 (b)
See the note relating to paragraph 1 of Article I.
Paragraph 4
Except where otherwise specifically agreed between the contracting parties which initially negotiated the concession, the provisions of this paragraph will be applied in the light of the provisions of Article 31 of the Havana Charter. 
Ad Article III
Any internal tax or other internal charge, or any law, regulation or requirement of the kind referred to in paragraph 1 which applies to an imported product and to the like domestic product and is collected or enforced in the case of the imported product at the time or point of importation, is nevertheless to be regarded as an internal tax or other internal charge, or a law, regulation or requirement of the kind referred to in paragraph 1, and is accordingly subject to the provisions of Article III.
Paragraph 1
The application of paragraph 1 to internal taxes imposed by local governments and authorities with the territory of a contracting party is subject to the provisions of the final paragraph of Article XXIV.  The term "reasonable measures" in the last-mentioned paragraph would not require, for example, the repeal of existing national legislation authorizing local governments to impose internal taxes which, although technically inconsistent with the letter of Article III, are not in fact inconsistent with its spirit, if such repeal would result in a serious financial hardship for the local governments or authorities concerned.  With regard to taxation by local governments or authorities which is inconsistent with both the letter and spirit of Article III, the term "reasonable measures" would permit a contracting party to eliminate the inconsistent taxation gradually over a transition period, if abrupt action would create serious administrative and financial difficulties.
Paragraph 2
A tax conforming to the requirements of the first sentence of paragraph 2 would be considered to be inconsistent with the provisions of the second sentence only in cases where competition was involved between, on the one hand, the taxed product and, on the other hand, a directly competitive or substitutable product which was not similarly taxed.
Paragraph 5
Regulations consistent with the provisions of the first sentence of paragraph 5 shall not be considered to be contrary to the provisions of the second sentence in any case in which all of the products subject to the regulations are produced domestically in substantial quantities.  A regulation cannot be justified as being consistent with the provisions of the second sentence on the ground that the proportion or amount allocated to each of the products which are the subject of the regulation constitutes an equitable relationship between imported and domestic products.
Ad Article V
Paragraph 5
With regard to transportation charges, the principle laid down in paragraph 5 refers to like products being transported on the same route under like conditions.
Ad Article VI
Paragraph 1
1. Hidden dumping by associated houses (that is, the sale by an importer at a price below that corresponding to the price invoiced by an exporter with whom the importer is associated, and also below the price in the exporting country) constitutes a form of price dumping with respect to which the margin of dumping may be calculated on the basis of the price at which the goods are resold by the importer.
2. It is recognized that, in the case of imports from a country which has a complete or substantially complete monopoly of its trade and where all domestic prices are fixed by the State, special difficulties may exist in determining price comparability for the purposes of paragraph 1, and in such cases importing contracting parties may find it necessary to take into account the possibility that a strict comparison with domestic prices in such a country may not always be appropriate.
Paragraphs 2 and 3
1. As in many other cases in customs administration, a contracting party may require reasonable security (bond or cash deposit) for the payment of anti-dumping or countervailing duty pending final determination of the facts in any case of suspected dumping or subsidization.
2. Multiple currency practices can in certain circumstances constitute a subsidy to exports which may be met by countervailing duties under paragraph 3 or can constitute a form of dumping by means of a partial depreciation of a country's currency which may be met by action under paragraph 2.  By "multiple currency practices" is meant practices by governments or sanctioned by governments.
Paragraph 6 (b)
Waivers under the provisions of this subparagraph shall be granted only on application by the contracting party proposing to levy an anti-dumping or countervailing duty, as the case may be.
Ad Article VII
Paragraph 1
The expression "or other charges" is not to be regarded as including internal taxes or equivalent charges imposed on or in connection with imported products.
Paragraph 2
1. It would be in conformity with Article VII to presume that "actual value" may be represented by the invoice price, plus any non-included charges for legitimate costs which are proper elements of "actual value" and plus any abnormal discount or other reduction from the ordinary competitive price.
2. It would be in conformity with Article VII, paragraph 2 (b), for a contracting party to construe the phrase "in the ordinary course of trade ...  under fully competitive conditions", as excluding any transaction wherein the buyer and seller are not independent of each other and price is not the sole consideration.
3. The standard of "fully competitive conditions" permits a contracting party to exclude from consideration prices involving special discounts limited to exclusive agents.
4. The wording of subparagraphs (a) and (b) permits a contracting party to determine the value for customs purposes uniformly either (1) on the basis of a particular exporter's prices of the imported merchandise, or (2) on the basis of the general price level of like merchandise.
Ad Article VIII
1. While Article VIII does not cover the use of multiple rates of exchange as such, paragraphs 1 and 4 condemn the use of exchange taxes or fees as a device for implementing multiple currency practices;  if, however, a contracting party is using multiple currency exchange fees for balance of payments reasons with the approval of the International Monetary Fund, the provisions of paragraph 9 (a) of Article XV fully safeguard its position.
2. It would be consistent with paragraph 1 if, on the importation of products from the territory of a contracting party into the territory of another contracting party, the production of certificates of origin should only be required to the extent that is strictly indispensable.
Ad Articles XI, XII, XIII, XIV and XVIII
Throughout Articles XI, XII, XIII, XIV and XVIII, the terms "import restrictions" or "export restrictions" include restrictions made effective through state-trading operations.
Ad Article XI
Paragraph 2 (c)
The term "in any form" in this paragraph covers the same products when in an early stage of processing and still perishable, which compete directly with the fresh product and if freely imported would tend to make the restriction on the fresh product ineffective.
Paragraph 2, last subparagraph
The term "special factors" includes changes in relative productive efficiency as between domestic and foreign producers, or as between different foreign producers, but not changes artificially brought about by means not permitted under the Agreement.
Ad Article XII
The CONTRACTING PARTIES shall make provision for the utmost secrecy in the conduct of any consultation under the provisions of this Article.
Paragraph 3 (c)(i)
Contracting parties applying restrictions shall endeavour to avoid causing serious prejudice to exports of a commodity on which the economy of a contracting party is largely dependent.
Paragraph 4 (b)
It is agreed that the date shall be within ninety days after the entry into force of the amendments of this Article effected by the Protocol Amending the Preamble and Parts II and III of this Agreement.  However, should the CONTRACTING PARTIES find that conditions were not suitable for the application of the provisions of this subparagraph at the time envisaged, they may determine a later date;  Provided that such date is not more than thirty days after such time as the obligations of Article VIII, Sections 2, 3 and 4, of the Articles of Agreement of the International Monetary Fund become applicable to contracting parties, members of the Fund, the combined foreign trade of which constitutes at least fifty per centum of the aggregate foreign trade of all contracting parties.
Paragraph 4 (e)
It is agreed that paragraph 4 (e) does not add any new criteria for the imposition or maintenance of quantitative restrictions for balance of payments reasons.  It is solely intended to ensure that all external factors such as changes in the terms of trade, quantitative restrictions, excessive tariffs and subsidies, which may be contributing to the balance of payments difficulties of the contracting party applying restrictions, will be fully taken into account.
Ad Article XIII
Paragraph 2 (d)
No mention was made of "commercial considerations" as a rule for the allocation of quotas because it was considered that its application by governmental authorities might not always be practicable.  Moreover, in cases where it is practicable, a contracting party could apply these considerations in the process of seeking agreement, consistently with the general rule laid down in the opening sentence of paragraph 2.
Paragraph 4
See note relating to "special factors" in connection with the last subparagraph of paragraph 2 of Article XI.
Ad Article XIV
Paragraph 1
The provisions of this paragraph shall not be so construed as to preclude full consideration by the CONTRACTING PARTIES, in the consultations provided for in paragraph 4 of Article XII and in paragraph 12 of Article XVIII, of the nature, effects and reasons for discrimination in the field of import restrictions.
Paragraph 2
One of the situations contemplated in paragraph 2 is that of a contracting party holding balances acquired as a result of current transactions which it finds itself unable to use without a measure of discrimination.
Ad Article XV
Paragraph 4
The word "frustrate" is intended to indicate, for example, that infringements of the letter of any Article of this Agreement by exchange action shall not be regarded as a violation of that Article if, in practice, there is no appreciable departure from the intent of the Article.  Thus, a contracting party which, as part of its exchange control operated in accordance with the Articles of Agreement of the International Monetary Fund, requires payment to be received for its exports in its own currency or in the currency of one or more members of the International Monetary Fund will not thereby be deemed to contravene Article XI or Article XIII.  Another example would be that of a contracting party which specifies on an import licence the country from which the goods may be imported, for the purpose not of introducing any additional element of discrimination in its import licensing system but of enforcing permissible exchange controls.
Ad Article XVI
The exemption of an exported product from duties or taxes borne by the like product when destined for domestic consumption, or the remission of such duties or taxes in amounts not in excess of those which have accrued, shall not be deemed to be a subsidy.
Section B
1. Nothing in Section B shall preclude the use by a contracting party of multiple rates of exchange in accordance with the Articles of Agreement of the International Monetary Fund.
2. For the purposes of Section B, a "primary product" is understood to be any product of farm, forest or fishery, or any mineral, in its natural form or which has undergone such processing as is customarily required to prepare it for marketing in substantial volume in international trade.
Paragraph 3
1. The fact that a contracting party has not exported the product in question during the previous representative period would not in itself preclude that contracting party from establishing its right to obtain a share of the trade in the product concerned.
2. A system for the stabilization of the domestic price or of the return to domestic producers of a primary product independently of the movements of export prices, which results at times in the sale of the product for export at a price lower than the comparable price charged for the like product to buyers in the domestic market, shall be considered not to involve a subsidy on exports within the meaning of paragraph 3 if the CONTRACTING PARTIES determine that:
(a) the system has also resulted, or is so designed as to result, in the sale of the product for export at a price higher than the comparable price charged for the like product to buyers in the domestic market;  and
(b) the system is so operated, or is designed so to operate, either because of the effective regulation of production or otherwise, as not to stimulate exports unduly or otherwise seriously to prejudice the interests of other contracting parties.
Notwithstanding such determination by the CONTRACTING PARTIES, operations under such a system shall be subject to the provisions of paragraph 3 where they are wholly or partly financed out of government funds in addition to the funds collected from producers in respect of the product concerned.
Paragraph 4
The intention of paragraph 4 is that the contracting parties should seek before the end of 1957 to reach agreement to abolish all remaining subsidies as from 1 January 1958;  or, failing this, to reach agreement to extend the application of the standstill until the earliest date thereafter by which they can expect to reach such agreement.
Ad Article XVII
Paragraph 1
The operations of Marketing Boards, which are established by contracting parties and are engaged in purchasing or selling, are subject to the provisions of subparagraphs (a) and (b).
The activities of Marketing Boards which are established by contracting parties and which do not purchase or sell but lay down regulations covering private trade are governed by the relevant Articles of this Agreement.
The charging by a state enterprise of different prices for its sales of a product in different markets is not precluded by the provisions of this Article, provided that such different prices are charged for commercial reasons, to meet conditions of supply and demand in export markets.
Paragraph 1 (a)
Governmental measures imposed to insure standards of quality and efficiency in the operation of external trade, or privileges granted for the exploitation of national natural resources but which do not empower the government to exercise control over the trading activities of the enterprise in question, do not constitute "exclusive or special privileges".
Paragraph 1 (b)
A country receiving a "tied loan" is free to take this loan into account as a "commercial consideration" when purchasing requirements abroad.
Paragraph 2
The term "goods" is limited to products as understood in commercial practice, and is not intended to include the purchase or sale of services.
Paragraph 3
Negotiations which contracting parties agree to conduct under this paragraph may be directed towards the reduction of duties and other charges on imports and exports or towards the conclusion of any other mutually satisfactory arrangement consistent with the provisions of this Agreement.  (See paragraph 4 of Article II and the note to that paragraph.)
Paragraph 4 (b)
The term "import mark-up" in this paragraph shall represent the margin by which the price charged by the import monopoly for the imported product (exclusive of internal taxes within the purview of Article III, transportation, distribution, and other expenses incident to the purchase, sale or further processing, and a reasonable margin of profit) exceeds the landed cost.
Ad Article XVIII
The CONTRACTING PARTIES and the contracting parties concerned shall preserve the utmost secrecy in respect of matters arising under this Article.
Paragraphs 1 and 4
1. When they consider whether the economy of a contracting party "can only support low standards of living", the CONTRACTING PARTIES shall take into consideration the normal position of that economy and shall not base their determination on exceptional circumstances such as those which may result from the temporary existence of exceptionally favourable conditions for the staple export product or products of such contracting party.
2. The phrase "in the early stages of development" is not meant to apply only to contracting parties which have just started their economic development, but also to contracting parties the economies of which are undergoing a process of industrialization to correct an excessive dependence on primary production.
Paragraphs 2, 3, 7, 13 and 22
The reference to the establishment of particular industries shall apply not only to the establishment of a new industry, but also to the establishment of a new branch of production in an existing industry and to the substantial transformation of an existing industry, and to the substantial expansion of an existing industry supplying a relatively small proportion of the domestic demand.  It shall also cover the reconstruction of an industry destroyed or substantially damaged as a result of hostilities or natural disasters.
Paragraph 7 (b)
A modification or withdrawal, pursuant to paragraph 7 (b), by a contracting party, other than the applicant contracting party, referred to in paragraph 7 (a), shall be made within six months of the day on which the action is taken by the applicant contracting party, and shall become effective on the thirtieth day following the day on which such modification or withdrawal has been notified to the CONTRACTING PARTIES.
Paragraph 11
The second sentence in paragraph 11 shall not be interpreted to mean that a contracting party is required to relax or remove restrictions if such relaxation or removal would thereupon produce conditions justifying the intensification or institution, respectively, of restrictions under paragraph 9 of Article XVIII.
Paragraph 12 (b)
The date referred to in paragraph 12 (b) shall be the date determined by the CONTRACTING PARTIES in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 4 (b) of Article XII of this Agreement.
Paragraphs 13 and 14
It is recognized that, before deciding on the introduction of a measure and notifying the CONTRACTING PARTIES in accordance with paragraph 14, a contracting party may need a reasonable period of time to assess the competitive position of the industry concerned.
Paragraphs 15 and 16It is understood that the CONTRACTING PARTIES shall invite a contracting party proposing to apply a measure under Section C to consult with them pursuant to paragraph 16 if they are requested to do so by a contracting party the trade of which would be appreciably affected by the measure in question.
Paragraphs 16, 18, 19 and 22
1. It is understood that the CONTRACTING PARTIES may concur in a proposed measure subject to specific conditions or limitations.  If the measure as applied does not conform to the terms of the concurrence it will to that extent be deemed a measure in which the CONTRACTING PARTIES have not concurred.  In cases in which the CONTRACTING PARTIES have concurred in a measure for a specified period, the contracting party concerned, if it finds that the maintenance of the measure for a further period of time is required to achieve the objective for which the measure was originally taken, may apply to the CONTRACTING PARTIES for an extension of that period in accordance with the provisions and procedures of Section C or D, as the case may be.
2. It is expected that the CONTRACTING PARTIES will, as a rule, refrain from concurring in a measure which is likely to cause serious prejudice to exports of a commodity on which the economy of a contracting party is largely dependent.
Paragraph 18 and 22
The phrase "that the interests of other contracting parties are adequately safeguarded" is meant to provide latitude sufficient to permit consideration in each case of the most appropriate method of safeguarding those interests.  The appropriate method may, for instance, take the form of an additional concession to be applied by the contracting party having recourse to Section C or D during such time as the deviation from the other Articles of the Agreement would remain in force or of the temporary suspension by any other contracting party referred to in paragraph 18 of a concession substantially equivalent to the impairment due to the introduction of the measure in question.  Such contracting party would have the right to safeguard its interests through such a temporary suspension of a concession;  Provided that this right will not be exercised when, in the case of a measure imposed by a contracting party coming within the scope of paragraph 4 (a), the CONTRACTING PARTIES have determined that the extent of the compensatory concession proposed was adequate.
Paragraph 19
The provisions of paragraph 19 are intended to cover the cases where an industry has been in existence beyond the "reasonable period of time" referred to in the note to paragraphs 13 and 14, and should not be so construed as to deprive a contracting party coming within the scope of paragraph 4 (a) of Article XVIII, of its right to resort to the other provisions of Section C, including paragraph 17, with regard to a newly established industry even though it has benefited from incidental protection afforded by balance of payments import restrictions.
Paragraph 21
Any measure taken pursuant to the provisions of paragraph 21 shall be withdrawn forthwith if the action taken in accordance with paragraph 17 is withdrawn or if the CONTRACTING PARTIES concur in the measure proposed after the expiration of the ninety-day time limit specified in paragraph 17.
Ad Article XX
Subparagraph (h)
The exception provided for in this subparagraph extends to any commodity agreement which conforms to the principles approved by the Economic and Social Council in its resolution 30 (IV) of 28 March 1947.
Ad Article XXIV
Paragraph 9
It is understood that the provisions of Article I would require that, when a product which has been imported into the territory of a member of a customs union or free-trade area at a preferential rate of duty is re-exported to the territory of another member of such union or area, the latter member should collect a duty equal to the difference between the duty already paid and any higher duty that would be payable if the product were being imported directly into its territory.
Paragraph 11
Measures adopted by India and Pakistan in order to carry out definitive trade arrangements between them, once they have been agreed upon, might depart from particular provisions of this Agreement, but these measures would in general be consistent with the objectives of the Agreement.
Ad Article XXVIII
The CONTRACTING PARTIES and each contracting party concerned should arrange to conduct the negotiations and consultations with the greatest possible secrecy in order to avoid premature disclosure of details of prospective tariff changes.  The CONTRACTING PARTIES shall be informed immediately of all changes in national tariffs resulting from recourse to this Article.
Paragraph 1
1. If the CONTRACTING PARTIES specify a period other than a three-year period, a contracting party may act pursuant to paragraph 1 or paragraph 3 of Article XXVIII on the first day following the expiration of such other period and, unless the CONTRACTING PARTIES have again specified another period, subsequent periods will be three-year periods following the expiration of such specified period.
2. The provision that on 1 January 1958, and on other days determined pursuant to paragraph 1, a contracting party "may ... modify or withdraw a concession" means that on such day, and on the first day after the end of each period, the legal obligation of such contracting party under Article II is altered;  it does not mean that the changes in its customs tariff should necessarily be made effective on that day.  If a tariff change resulting from negotiations undertaken pursuant to this Article is delayed, the entry into force of any compensatory concessions may be similarly delayed.
3. Not earlier than six months, nor later than three months, prior to 1 January 1958, or to the termination date of any subsequent period, a contracting party wishing to modify or withdraw any concession embodied in the appropriate Schedule, should notify the CONTRACTING PARTIES to this effect.  The CONTRACTING PARTIES shall then determine the contracting party or contracting parties with which the negotiations or consultations referred to in paragraph 1 shall take place.  Any contracting party so determined shall participate in such negotiations or consultations with the applicant contracting party with the aim of reaching agreement before the end of the period.  Any extension of the assured life of the Schedules shall relate to the Schedules as modified after such negotiations, in accordance with paragraphs 1, 2, and 3 of Article XXVIII.  If the CONTRACTING PARTIES are arranging for multilateral tariff negotiations to take place within the period of six months before 1 January 1958, or before any other day determined pursuant to paragraph 1, they shall include in the arrangements for such negotiations suitable procedures for carrying out the negotiations referred to in this paragraph.
4. The object of providing for the participation in the negotiation of any contracting party with a principle supplying interest, in addition to any contracting party with which the concession was originally negotiated, is to ensure that a contracting party with a larger share in the trade affected by the concession than a contracting party with which the concession was originally negotiated shall have an effective opportunity to protect the contractual right which it enjoys under this Agreement.  On the other hand, it is not intended that the scope of the negotiations should be such as to make negotiations and agreement under Article XXVIII unduly difficult nor to create complications in the application of this Article in the future to concessions which result from negotiations thereunder.  Accordingly, the CONTRACTING PARTIES should only determine that a contracting party has a principal supplying interest if that contracting party has had, over a reasonable period of time prior to the negotiations, a larger share in the market of the applicant contracting party than a contracting party with which the concession was initially negotiated or would, in the judgement of the CONTRACTING PARTIES, have had such a share in the absence of discriminatory quantitative restrictions maintained by the applicant contracting party.  It would therefore not be appropriate for the CONTRACTING PARTIES to determine that more than one contracting party, or in those exceptional cases where there is near equality more than two contracting parties, had a principal supplying interest.
5. Notwithstanding the definition of a principal supplying interest in note 4 to paragraph 1, the CONTRACTING PARTIES may exceptionally determine that a contracting party has a principal supplying interest if the concession in question affects trade which constitutes a major part of the total exports of such contracting party.
6. It is not intended that provision for participation in the negotiations of any contracting party with a principal supplying interest, and for consultation with any contracting party having a substantial interest in the concession which the applicant contracting party is seeking to modify or withdraw, should have the effect that it should have to pay compensation or suffer retaliation greater than the withdrawal or modification sought, judged in the light of the conditions of trade at the time of the proposed withdrawal or modification, making allowance for any discriminatory quantitative restrictions maintained by the applicant contracting party.
7. The expression "substantial interest" is not capable of a precise definition and accordingly may present difficulties for the CONTRACTING PARTIES.  It is, however, intended to be construed to cover only those contracting parties which have, or in the absence of discriminatory quantitative restrictions affecting their exports could reasonably be expected to have, a significant share in the market of the contracting party seeking to modify or withdraw the concession.
Paragraph 4
1. Any request for authorization to enter into negotiations shall be accompanied by all relevant statistical and other data.  A decision on such request shall be made within thirty days of its submission.
2. It is recognized that to permit certain contracting parties, depending in large measure on a relatively small number of primary commodities and relying on the tariff as an important aid for furthering diversification of their economies or as an important source of revenue, normally to negotiate for the modification or withdrawal of concessions only under paragraph 1 of Article XXVIII, might cause them at such time to make modifications or withdrawals which in the long run would prove unnecessary.  To avoid such a situation the CONTRACTING PARTIES shall authorize any such contracting party, under paragraph 4, to enter into negotiations unless they consider this would result in, or contribute substantially towards, such an increase in tariff levels as to threaten the stability of the Schedules to this Agreement or lead to undue disturbance of international trade.
3. It is expected that negotiations authorized under paragraph 4 for modification or withdrawal of a single item, or a very small group of items, could normally be brought to a conclusion in sixty days.  It is recognized, however, that such a period will be inadequate for cases involving negotiations for the modification or withdrawal of a larger number of items and in such cases, therefore, it would be appropriate for the CONTRACTING PARTIES to prescribe a longer period.
4. The determination referred to in paragraph 4 (d) shall be made by the CONTRACTING PARTIES within thirty days of the submission of the matter to them unless the applicant contracting party agrees to a longer period.
5. In determining under paragraph 4 (d) whether an applicant contracting party has unreasonably failed to offer adequate compensation, it is understood that the CONTRACTING PARTIES will take due account of the special position of a contracting party which has bound a high proportion of its tariffs at very low rates of duty and to this extent has less scope than other contracting parties to make compensatory adjustment.
Ad Article XXVIII bis
Paragraph 3
It is understood that the reference to fiscal needs would include the revenues aspect of duties and particularly duties imposed primarily for revenue purpose, or duties imposed on products which can be substituted for products subject to revenue duties to prevent the avoidance of such duties.
Ad Article XXIX
Paragraph 1
Chapters VII and VIII of the Havana Charter have been excluded from paragraph 1 because they generally deal with the organization, functions and procedures of the International Trade Organization.
Ad Part IV
The words "developed contracting parties" and the words "less-developed contracting parties" as used in Part IV are to be understood to refer to developed and less-developed countries which are parties to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade.
Ad Article XXXVI
Paragraph 1
This Article is based upon the objectives set forth in Article I as it will be amended by Section A of paragraph 1 of the Protocol Amending Part I and Articles XXIX and XXX when that Protocol enters into force.
Paragraph 4
The term "primary products" includes agricultural products, vide paragraph 2 of the note ad Article XVI, Section B.
Paragraph 5
A diversification programme would generally include the intensification of activities for the processing of primary products and the development of manufacturing industries, taking into account the situation of the particular contracting party and the world outlook for production and consumption of different commodities.
Paragraph 8
It is understood that the phrase "do not expect reciprocity" means, in accordance with the objectives set forth in this Article, that the less-developed contracting parties should not be expected, in the course of trade negotiations, to make contributions which are inconsistent with their individual development, financial and trade needs, taking into consideration past trade developments.
This paragraph would apply in the event of action under Section A of Article XVIII, Article XXVIII, Article XXVIII bis (Article XXIX after the amendment set forth in Section A of paragraph 1 of the Protocol Amending Part I and Articles XXIX and XXX shall have become effective ), Article XXXIII, or any other procedure under this Agreement.
Ad Article XXXVII
Paragraph 1 (a)
This paragraph would apply in the event of negotiations for reduction or elimination of tariffs or other restrictive regulations of commerce under Articles XXVIII, XXVIII bis (XXIX after the amendment set forth in Section A of paragraph 1 of the Protocol Amending Part I and Articles XXIX and XXX shall have become effective13), and Article XXXIII, as well as in connection with other action to effect such reduction or elimination which contracting parties may be able to undertake.
Paragraph 3 (b)
The other measures referred to in this paragraph might include steps to promote domestic structural changes, to encourage the consumption of particular products, or to introduce measures of trade promotion.
    附件一:與第一條有關(guān)
    第一條  第2款(甲)項(xiàng)所稱(chēng)的領(lǐng)土名單:
    大不列顛及北愛(ài)爾蘭聯(lián)合王國(guó)
    大不列顛及北愛(ài)爾蘭聯(lián)合王國(guó)的附屬領(lǐng)土
    加拿大
    澳大利亞聯(lián)邦
    澳大利亞聯(lián)邦的附屬領(lǐng)土
    新西蘭
    新西蘭的附屬領(lǐng)土
    包括西南非洲在內(nèi)的南非聯(lián)邦
    愛(ài)爾蘭
    印度(1947年4月10日)
    紐芬蘭
    南羅得西亞
    緬甸
    錫蘭
    上述某些領(lǐng)土,對(duì)某些產(chǎn)品有兩種或兩種以上的現(xiàn)行優(yōu)惠稅率。任一這種領(lǐng)土,在與其它按最惠國(guó)稅率供給這項(xiàng)產(chǎn)品的主要締約國(guó)達(dá)成協(xié)議后,可以用單一的優(yōu)惠稅率代替前述兩種或兩種以上的優(yōu)惠稅率。但這項(xiàng)單一的優(yōu)惠稅率,總的說(shuō)來(lái),對(duì)按最惠國(guó)稅率提供產(chǎn)品的締約國(guó)來(lái)說(shuō),不應(yīng)比代替以前更為不利。
    征收相當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)稅優(yōu)惠差額,以代替1947年4月10日只在本附件所列的兩個(gè)領(lǐng)土或兩個(gè)以上領(lǐng)土之間實(shí)施的某內(nèi)地稅的優(yōu)惠差額,或代替下面一段里所稱(chēng)數(shù)量限制方面的優(yōu)惠安排,不應(yīng)視為構(gòu)成關(guān)稅優(yōu)惠差額的增加。
    第十四條  第5款(乙)所稱(chēng)的優(yōu)惠安排,系指聯(lián)合王國(guó)根據(jù)它與加拿大、澳大利亞及新西蘭政府所訂的關(guān)于冷藏和速凍牛肉與小牛肉,冷藏和速凍羊肉與小羊肉,冷藏和速凍豬肉與臘肉的契約性規(guī)定,于1947年4月10日在聯(lián)合王國(guó)內(nèi)實(shí)施的優(yōu)惠安排。意圖是這些優(yōu)惠安排,在不損害按第二十條(辛)項(xiàng)所采取的行動(dòng)的情況下,應(yīng)予以撤除或代之以關(guān)稅優(yōu)惠,并且為此目的要盡早在主要有關(guān)國(guó)家之間進(jìn)行談判。
    新西蘭在1947年4月10日所實(shí)施的電影片出租稅,應(yīng)視為本協(xié)定第一條所稱(chēng)的關(guān)稅。新西蘭在1947年4月10日對(duì)租片人所實(shí)施的電影片限額,應(yīng)視為本協(xié)定第四條所稱(chēng)的放映限額。
    印度和巴基斯坦自治領(lǐng)土,在上述名單中并未分列,因在1947年4月10日這一時(shí)期,印度、巴基斯坦尚未分開(kāi)。
    附件二:與第一條有關(guān)
    第一條  第2款(乙)項(xiàng)所稱(chēng)法蘭西聯(lián)邦的領(lǐng)土名單:
    法蘭西
    法屬赤道非洲(剛果流域按條約開(kāi)放部分△及其它領(lǐng)土)
    法屬西非
    法國(guó)托管的喀麥隆
    法屬索馬里海岸及屬地
    法國(guó)在大洋洲的居留地
    法國(guó)在新海布里地與英共管的居留地△
    印度支那
    馬達(dá)加斯加及屬地
    摩洛哥(法國(guó)地帶)△
    新加利當(dāng)尼亞及屬地
    圣佩爾及彌圭瑯
    法國(guó)托管的多哥△
    突尼斯
    凡有△符號(hào)者,系指輸入到法國(guó)本土和法蘭西聯(lián)邦領(lǐng)土的進(jìn)口而言。
    附件三:與第一條有關(guān)
    第一條  第2款(乙)項(xiàng)所稱(chēng)的比利時(shí)、盧森堡及荷蘭關(guān)稅聯(lián)盟的領(lǐng)土名單:
    比利時(shí)與盧森堡經(jīng)濟(jì)聯(lián)盟
    比屬剛果
    羅安達(dá)烏朗地
    荷蘭
    新幾內(nèi)亞
    蘇里南
    荷屬安地列斯
    印度尼西亞共和國(guó)
    以上僅指輸入到組成關(guān)稅聯(lián)盟領(lǐng)土的進(jìn)口而言。
    附件四:與第一條有關(guān)
    第一條  第2款(乙)項(xiàng)所稱(chēng)的美利堅(jiān)合眾國(guó)的領(lǐng)土名單:美利堅(jiān)合眾國(guó)(關(guān)稅領(lǐng)土)
    美利堅(jiān)合眾國(guó)的所屬領(lǐng)土
    菲律賓共和國(guó)
    征收相當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)稅優(yōu)惠差額,以代替1947年4月10日只在本附件所列的兩個(gè)領(lǐng)土之間或兩個(gè)以上領(lǐng)土之間實(shí)施的某內(nèi)地稅的優(yōu)惠差額,不應(yīng)視為構(gòu)成關(guān)稅優(yōu)惠金額的增加。
    附件五:與第一條有關(guān)
    第一條  第2款(丁)項(xiàng)所稱(chēng)的智利及毗鄰國(guó)家之間所訂優(yōu)惠安排所涉及的領(lǐng)土名單
    現(xiàn)行優(yōu)惠僅限于以智利為一方,以下列領(lǐng)土為另一方:
    1.阿根廷
    2.玻利維亞
    3.秘魯
    附件六:與第一條有關(guān)
    第一條  第2款(。╉(xiàng)所稱(chēng)的黎巴嫩、敘利亞及毗鄰國(guó)家之間所訂優(yōu)惠安排所涉及的領(lǐng)土名單
    現(xiàn)行優(yōu)惠安排,僅限于以黎巴嫩--敘利亞關(guān)稅聯(lián)盟為一方,以下列領(lǐng)土為另一方:
    1.巴勒斯坦
    2.外約旦
    附件七:與第一條有關(guān)
    第一條  第4款所稱(chēng)的優(yōu)惠最高差額的確立日期
    南非聯(lián)邦
    1938年7月1日
    法蘭西
    1939年1月1日
    黎巴嫩、敘利亞關(guān)稅聯(lián)盟
    1939年11月30日
    南羅得西亞
    1941年5月1日
    澳大利亞
    1946年10月15日
    加拿大
    1969年7月1日
    附件八:與第二十六條有關(guān)
    第二十六條  規(guī)定所稱(chēng)作出決議時(shí)需用的對(duì)外貿(mào)易總額的百分比分配數(shù)(以1949~1953年的平均數(shù)字為基礎(chǔ))
    如在日本政府加入總協(xié)定以前,締約各國(guó)已接受現(xiàn)行協(xié)定,而且第一欄所列締約各國(guó)的對(duì)外貿(mào)易百分比即作為本協(xié)定第二十六條第6款所規(guī)定的對(duì)外貿(mào)易百分比,則實(shí)施這一款時(shí)應(yīng)使用第一欄。如在日本政府加入總協(xié)定以前,締約各國(guó)還未接受現(xiàn)行協(xié)定,則實(shí)施這一款時(shí)應(yīng)使用第二欄。
    第一欄
    (締約各國(guó)于1955年3月1日)
    第二欄
    (締約各國(guó)于1955年3月1日以及日本)
    澳大利亞
    3.0
    3.1
    奧地利
    0.9
    0.8
    比利時(shí)、盧森堡
    4.3
    4.2
    巴西
    2.5
    2.4
    緬甸
    0.3
    0.3
    加拿大
    6.7
    6.5
    錫蘭
    0.5
    0.5
    智利
    0.6
    0.6
    古巴
    1.1
    1.1
    原捷克斯洛伐克
    1.4
    1.4
    丹麥
    1.4
    1.4
    多米尼加共和國(guó)
    0.1
    0.1
    芬蘭
    1.0
    1.0
    法蘭西
    8.7
    8.5
    德意志聯(lián)邦共和國(guó)
    5.3
    5.2
    希臘
    0.4
    0.4
    海地
    0.1
    0.1
    印度
    2.4
    2.4
    印度尼西亞
    1.3
    1.3
    意大利
    2.9
    2.8
    荷蘭
    4.7
    4.6
    新西蘭
    1.0
    1.0
    尼加拉瓜
    0.1
    0.1
    挪威
    1.1
    1.1
    巴基斯坦
    0.9
    0.8
    秘魯
    0.4
    0.4
    羅得西亞和尼亞薩蘭聯(lián)邦
    0.6
    0.6
    瑞典
    2.5
    2.4
    土耳其
    0.6
    0.6
    南非聯(lián)邦
    1.8
    1.8
    大不列顛及北愛(ài)爾蘭聯(lián)合王國(guó)
    20.3
    19.8
    美利堅(jiān)合眾國(guó)
    20.6
    20.1
    烏拉圭
    0.4
    0.4
    日本
    -
    2.3
    100
    100
    注:以上百分比是按實(shí)施關(guān)稅和貿(mào)易總協(xié)定的所有領(lǐng)土的貿(mào)易計(jì)算的。
    附件九:注釋和補(bǔ)充規(guī)定
    關(guān)于第一條
    第一條  
    對(duì)《暫行實(shí)施議定書(shū)》來(lái)說(shuō),第一條第1款引用的第三條第3款和第4款所規(guī)定的義務(wù),以及第二條第2款(乙)項(xiàng)引用的第六條所規(guī)定的義務(wù),應(yīng)視為屬于本協(xié)定的第二部分。
    前段以及第一條第1款同第三條第2款和第4款之間的相互引用,只能在1948年9月14日《關(guān)于修改關(guān)稅與貿(mào)易總協(xié)定第二部分和第二十六條的議定書(shū)①》中所列的修正條款生效以后使第三條的規(guī)定得到修改的情況下,才能適用。
    ①這一議定書(shū)已于1948年12月14日生效。
    第4款
    所稱(chēng)優(yōu)惠差額,系指相同產(chǎn)品的最惠國(guó)稅率和優(yōu)惠稅率的絕對(duì)差額,而不是指這些稅率的比例關(guān)系。例如:
    1.如最惠國(guó)稅率是從價(jià)36%,優(yōu)惠稅率是從價(jià)24%,則優(yōu)惠差額是從價(jià)12%,而不是最惠國(guó)稅率的1/3。
    2.如最惠國(guó)稅率是從價(jià)36%,優(yōu)惠稅率為最惠國(guó)稅率的2/3,則優(yōu)惠差額是從價(jià)12%。
    3.如最惠國(guó)稅率是每公斤2法郎,優(yōu)惠稅率是每公斤1.5法郎,則優(yōu)惠差額是每公斤0.50法郎。
    按照既定的統(tǒng)一程序所采取的下述海關(guān)措施,將不視為違反優(yōu)惠差額的一般約束:(1)如果稅則分類(lèi)或稅率于1947年4月10日對(duì)某些產(chǎn)品暫停實(shí)施或暫不生效,對(duì)這種進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品重新實(shí)施對(duì)它本來(lái)適用的稅則分類(lèi)或稅率。(2)如果稅則明確規(guī)定某項(xiàng)產(chǎn)品可以按幾種不同稅目進(jìn)行分類(lèi),將這種產(chǎn)品按1947年4月10日所實(shí)行的分類(lèi)項(xiàng)目以外的其它稅則項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行分類(lèi)。
    關(guān)于第二條
    第2款(甲)項(xiàng)
    第二條  第2款(甲)項(xiàng)同第三條第2款的相互引用,只能在1948年9月14日《關(guān)于修改關(guān)稅與貿(mào)易總協(xié)定第二部分和第二十六條的議定書(shū)①》中所列的修正條款生效以后使第三條的規(guī)定得到修改的情況下,才能適用。
    ①這一議定書(shū)已于1948年12月14日生效。
    第2款(乙)項(xiàng)
    見(jiàn)第一條第1款注釋
    第4款
    除原談判減讓的締約各國(guó)另有特別協(xié)議以外,本款的規(guī)定應(yīng)參照哈瓦那憲章第三十一條的規(guī)定予以實(shí)施。
    關(guān)于第三條
    本條第1款規(guī)定的適用于進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品和相同國(guó)產(chǎn)品并在輸入時(shí)或在輸入地點(diǎn)對(duì)進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品征收的任何國(guó)內(nèi)稅或其它國(guó)內(nèi)費(fèi)用,或?qū)嵤┑娜魏畏睢l例或規(guī)定,仍應(yīng)視為第1款規(guī)定的國(guó)內(nèi)稅或其它國(guó)內(nèi)費(fèi)用,或法令、條例或規(guī)定,并因此應(yīng)受第三條規(guī)定的約束。
    第1款
    第1款的規(guī)定適用于一締約國(guó)領(lǐng)土內(nèi)的地方政府和當(dāng)局所征收的國(guó)內(nèi)稅,應(yīng)受第二十四條最后一款規(guī)定的約束。在上述一款中?quot;合理措施"一詞并不要求諸如廢除現(xiàn)行的授權(quán)地方政府征收某項(xiàng)國(guó)內(nèi)稅的本國(guó)立法,如所征收的國(guó)內(nèi)稅從技術(shù)上來(lái)看雖與第三條的文字規(guī)定不符,但在實(shí)際上卻不違背這條規(guī)定的精神,而撤銷(xiāo)這一國(guó)內(nèi)稅將給有關(guān)地方政府或當(dāng)局造成嚴(yán)重的財(cái)政困難的話。至于地方政府或當(dāng)局所征收的那種與第三條規(guī)定的文字和精神均不相符的國(guó)內(nèi)稅,如果突然采取行動(dòng)將產(chǎn)生行政上和財(cái)政上的嚴(yán)重困難,則所稱(chēng)"合理措施",應(yīng)準(zhǔn)許締約國(guó)在一個(gè)過(guò)渡時(shí)期內(nèi)逐步撤除這一不合規(guī)定的稅收。
    第2款
    凡符合第2款第一句要求的稅收,只有在已稅產(chǎn)品為一方和未同樣征稅的直接競(jìng)爭(zhēng)品或代替品為另一方之間有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的情況下,才被認(rèn)為與第二句的規(guī)定不符。
    第5款
    凡符合第5款第一句規(guī)定的規(guī)章,只要規(guī)章管理對(duì)象產(chǎn)品都在國(guó)內(nèi)大量生產(chǎn),即不得認(rèn)為違背第5款第二句的規(guī)定。不能因?qū)σ?guī)章管理對(duì)象的每項(xiàng)產(chǎn)品在進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品和國(guó)產(chǎn)品之間所分配的比例和數(shù)量是公平的,就認(rèn)為這項(xiàng)規(guī)章是符合第5款第二句的規(guī)定。
    關(guān)于第五條
    第5款
    關(guān)于運(yùn)輸費(fèi)用,第5款中所規(guī)定的原則,系指在同樣情況下,經(jīng)由同一路線運(yùn)輸相同產(chǎn)品而言。
    關(guān)于第六條
    第1款
    1.由于商戶聯(lián)號(hào)而造成的隱蔽傾銷(xiāo)(即某進(jìn)口商的銷(xiāo)售價(jià)格,低于與它是聯(lián)號(hào)的出口商所開(kāi)發(fā)票價(jià)格的相當(dāng)價(jià)格,也低于在輸出國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)的價(jià)格),應(yīng)構(gòu)成價(jià)格傾銷(xiāo)的一種形式。有關(guān)這種傾銷(xiāo)的傾銷(xiāo)差額,可以進(jìn)口商轉(zhuǎn)售貨物的價(jià)格作為基礎(chǔ)加以計(jì)算。
    2.應(yīng)當(dāng)承認(rèn),對(duì)全部或大體上全部由國(guó)家壟斷貿(mào)易并由國(guó)家規(guī)定國(guó)內(nèi)價(jià)格的國(guó)家進(jìn)口的貨物,在為第1款的目的決定可比價(jià)格時(shí),可能存在特殊的困難,在這種情況下,進(jìn)口締約國(guó)可能發(fā)現(xiàn)有必要考慮這種可能性:與這種國(guó)家的國(guó)內(nèi)價(jià)格作嚴(yán)格的比較不一定經(jīng)常適當(dāng)。
    第2款和第3款
    1.如同海關(guān)對(duì)其它案件一樣,在對(duì)任何可疑的傾銷(xiāo)或補(bǔ)貼作出最后結(jié)論以前,締約國(guó)可以要求對(duì)應(yīng)付的反傾銷(xiāo)稅或反補(bǔ)貼稅提供適當(dāng)保證(書(shū)面保證或押金)。
    2.復(fù)幣制在某種情況下可能構(gòu)成一種出口補(bǔ)貼,對(duì)此可以第3款的反補(bǔ)貼稅予以抵銷(xiāo);復(fù)幣制還可以通過(guò)國(guó)家貨幣部分貶值的辦法構(gòu)成某種形式的傾銷(xiāo),對(duì)此可以按第2款采取行動(dòng)予以抵銷(xiāo)。所稱(chēng)"復(fù)幣制",系指由政府實(shí)施或核準(zhǔn)的制度。
    第6款(乙)項(xiàng)
    只有經(jīng)擬征收反傾銷(xiāo)稅或反補(bǔ)貼稅的締約國(guó)提出申請(qǐng),才能批準(zhǔn)解除本項(xiàng)規(guī)定的義務(wù)。
    關(guān)于第七條
    第1款
    所用"和其它費(fèi)用"一詞,不能認(rèn)為包括對(duì)進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品或有關(guān)進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品所征收的內(nèi)地稅或相當(dāng)于內(nèi)地稅的費(fèi)用。
    第2款
    1.凡以發(fā)票價(jià)格,加上正當(dāng)成本(指構(gòu)成"實(shí)際價(jià)格"的合理因素)的任何未列費(fèi)用,再加從一般競(jìng)爭(zhēng)價(jià)格扣除的不正常折扣或其它削價(jià)作為"實(shí)際價(jià)格"的,應(yīng)視為符合第七條規(guī)定。
    2.締約國(guó)將買(mǎi)賣(mài)雙方不是相互獨(dú)立而且價(jià)格也不是唯一考慮因素的交易,解釋為不包括在"在正常貿(mào)易過(guò)程中于充分競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的條件下"一詞的范圍內(nèi),這樣解釋?xiě)?yīng)視為符合第七條第2款(乙)項(xiàng)規(guī)定。
    3."充分競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的條?quot;的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),允許締約國(guó)不考慮只限于對(duì)獨(dú)家代理商給予特殊折扣的那種價(jià)格。
    4.第2款(甲)項(xiàng)和(乙)項(xiàng)的用詞,允許一締約國(guó)統(tǒng)一(1)以進(jìn)口商品的特定出口價(jià)格為基礎(chǔ),或(2)以相同商品的一般價(jià)格水平為基礎(chǔ),來(lái)決定海關(guān)估價(jià)。
    關(guān)于第八條
    1.第八條雖未規(guī)定多種匯率的使用,但第1款和第4款認(rèn)為因?qū)嵤┒喾N匯率而征收匯兌稅或規(guī)費(fèi)是不當(dāng)?shù)?
    然后,如某締約國(guó)為了保障它的國(guó)際收支,經(jīng)征得國(guó)際貨幣基金同意而征收貨幣多種匯率的規(guī)費(fèi)時(shí),第十五條和第9款(甲)項(xiàng)的規(guī)定足以充分保障其立場(chǎng)。
    2.當(dāng)一締約國(guó)領(lǐng)土的產(chǎn)品輸入到另一締約國(guó)領(lǐng)土?xí)r,只要求提供必不可少的原產(chǎn)國(guó)證書(shū),應(yīng)視為符合第1款規(guī)定。
    關(guān)于第十一條、第十二條、第十三條、第十四條第十八條
    在第十一條、第十二條、第十三條、第十四條和第十八條各條規(guī)定中,所稱(chēng)"進(jìn)口限制"或"出口限制",包括通過(guò)國(guó)營(yíng)企業(yè)的活動(dòng)所實(shí)施的限制。
    關(guān)于第十一條
    第2款(丙)項(xiàng)
    本項(xiàng)所稱(chēng)"任何形式",包括初步加工但仍屬易腐狀態(tài)的同一產(chǎn)品,它與新鮮產(chǎn)品直接競(jìng)爭(zhēng),如準(zhǔn)其自由進(jìn)口,對(duì)新鮮產(chǎn)品的限制將因此失效。
    第2款最后一項(xiàng)
    所稱(chēng)"特殊因?quot;,包括本國(guó)生產(chǎn)者與外國(guó)生產(chǎn)者之間或外國(guó)生產(chǎn)者之間在相對(duì)生產(chǎn)效率方面的變動(dòng),但采取本協(xié)定所不許可的方法,人為造成的變動(dòng),則不包括在內(nèi)。
    關(guān)于第十二條
    締約國(guó)全體按照本條規(guī)定進(jìn)行協(xié)商時(shí),應(yīng)當(dāng)嚴(yán)守機(jī)密。
    第3款(丙)項(xiàng)(1)
    凡實(shí)施限制的締約各國(guó),應(yīng)盡可能避免對(duì)為一締約國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)所大部分依賴(lài)的某種商品的出口造成嚴(yán)重?fù)p害。
    第4款(乙)項(xiàng)
    締約各國(guó)同意,本項(xiàng)所指的日期,應(yīng)確定在《修正本協(xié)定序言以及第二部分和第三部分的議定書(shū)》對(duì)本條所作的修正生效以后的90日以內(nèi)。但如締約國(guó)全體認(rèn)為,本項(xiàng)規(guī)定情況不宜在原擬議的時(shí)期內(nèi)實(shí)施,締約國(guó)全體可以決定一個(gè)較晚的日期;但是,這一日期,自國(guó)際貨幣基金協(xié)定第八條及其第二節(jié)、第三節(jié)、第四節(jié)規(guī)定的義務(wù)適用于同時(shí)是貨幣基金會(huì)員國(guó)的締約各國(guó),而這些國(guó)家的對(duì)外貿(mào)易總額至少占所有締約國(guó)對(duì)外貿(mào)易總額50%之時(shí)起,應(yīng)不超過(guò)30日。
    第4款(戊)項(xiàng)
    締約各國(guó)同意,第4款(戊)項(xiàng)對(duì)國(guó)際收支理由而建立或維持的數(shù)量限制,未增加任何新的標(biāo),準(zhǔn)。這項(xiàng)規(guī)定的原意只是,對(duì)實(shí)施限制的締約國(guó)的國(guó)際收支的困難產(chǎn)生影響的外部因素,如貿(mào)易條件、數(shù)量限制、過(guò)份的關(guān)稅和補(bǔ)貼等的改變,都應(yīng)充分加以考慮。
    關(guān)于第十三條
    第2款(。╉(xiàng)
    本項(xiàng)沒(méi)有把"商業(yè)上的考慮"作為分配限額的一條原則,因考慮到由政府實(shí)施這條原則未必全部可行。而且,在可行時(shí),一締約國(guó)可以按照第2款首句中所規(guī)定的一般原則,在謀求達(dá)成協(xié)議的過(guò)程中予以實(shí)施。
    第4款
    參閱第十一條第2款最后一項(xiàng)有關(guān)"特殊因素"的注釋。
    關(guān)于第十四條
    第1款
    本款的規(guī)定不得解釋為不許締約國(guó)全體在第十二條第4款及第十八條第20款所規(guī)定的協(xié)商中充分考慮進(jìn)口限制歧視的性質(zhì)、后果及理由。
    第2款
    第2款所考慮的情況之一是:一締約國(guó)從最近的交易中獲得了順差,如果不采取歧視性措施,就不能用掉。
    關(guān)于第十五條
    第4款
    所用"妨礙……實(shí)現(xiàn)"一詞,旨在指明諸如這類(lèi)的情況:比如,任何外匯方面的行動(dòng),雖與本協(xié)定某一條的明文規(guī)定有抵觸,但在實(shí)際上并不違背這一條的意旨,則不應(yīng)視為違反這一條的規(guī)定。因此,一締約國(guó)如果作為其按照國(guó)際貨幣基金協(xié)定實(shí)施外匯管制的一部分,規(guī)定它的出口要以本國(guó)貨幣或以國(guó)際貨幣基金的某一個(gè)或某幾個(gè)會(huì)員國(guó)的貨幣來(lái)支付,就不應(yīng)視為違反本協(xié)定第十一條或第十三條的規(guī)定。又如,某締約國(guó)在進(jìn)口許可證上注明貨物可以從那個(gè)國(guó)家進(jìn)口,其目的不是在進(jìn)口許可證制度上增加任何新的歧視因素,而是貫徹準(zhǔn)許施行的外匯管制,也不應(yīng)視為違反本協(xié)定。
    關(guān)于第十六條
    免征某項(xiàng)出口產(chǎn)品的關(guān)稅,免征相同產(chǎn)品供內(nèi)銷(xiāo)時(shí)必需繳納的內(nèi)地稅,或退還與所繳數(shù)量相當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)稅或內(nèi)地稅,不能視為是一種補(bǔ)貼。
    第二節(jié)  
    1.第二節(jié)不排除締約國(guó)按照國(guó)際貨幣基金協(xié)定的規(guī)定,使用多種匯率。
    2.第二節(jié)所稱(chēng)的"初級(jí)產(chǎn)品",應(yīng)理解為天然形態(tài)的農(nóng)業(yè)、林業(yè)、漁業(yè)或礦業(yè)產(chǎn)品,或?yàn)橐趪?guó)際貿(mào)易中能大量銷(xiāo)售進(jìn)行過(guò)按習(xí)慣需要進(jìn)行的加工的這種產(chǎn)品。
    第3款
    1.不能因一締約國(guó)在以前有代表性的時(shí)期內(nèi)未曾出口有關(guān)產(chǎn)品,而排除這一締約國(guó)在有關(guān)產(chǎn)品的貿(mào)易中取得一份份額的權(quán)利。
    2.凡與出口價(jià)格無(wú)關(guān),為穩(wěn)定國(guó)內(nèi)價(jià)格或?yàn)榉(wěn)定某一初級(jí)產(chǎn)品的國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)者收入而建立的制度,即令它有時(shí)會(huì)使出口產(chǎn)品的售價(jià)低于相同產(chǎn)品在國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)銷(xiāo)售時(shí)的可比價(jià)格,也不應(yīng)視為造成第3款所稱(chēng)的出口補(bǔ)貼,如果締約國(guó)全體確定:(甲)這一制度也曾造成(或這一制度的設(shè)計(jì)會(huì)造成)商品的出口售價(jià)高于相同產(chǎn)品在國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)銷(xiāo)售時(shí)的可比價(jià)格,而且(乙)這一制度的實(shí)施(或這一制度的設(shè)計(jì)會(huì)這樣實(shí)施),由于生產(chǎn)的有效管制或其它原因,不致于不適當(dāng)?shù)卮碳こ隹诨蛟谄渌矫鎳?yán)重?fù)p害其它締約國(guó)的利益。
    雖有締約國(guó)全體的以上確定,如除了從有關(guān)產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)者取得資金以外,還要部分或全部從政府取得資金,則按這一制度采取的行動(dòng),仍應(yīng)受第2款的限制。
    第4款
    第4款的意圖是,締約各國(guó)應(yīng)爭(zhēng)取于1957年底以前就從1958年1月1日起撤除一切補(bǔ)貼達(dá)成協(xié)議。如不能辦到,應(yīng)爭(zhēng)取達(dá)成如下協(xié)議:在預(yù)期能達(dá)成協(xié)議的日期以前,繼續(xù)維持現(xiàn)狀。
    關(guān)于第十七條
    第1款
    締約各國(guó)設(shè)立的,從事購(gòu)買(mǎi)或銷(xiāo)售業(yè)務(wù)的購(gòu)銷(xiāo)活動(dòng),應(yīng)受本款(甲)項(xiàng)和(乙)項(xiàng)的規(guī)定限制。
    在締約國(guó)設(shè)立的,不從事購(gòu)買(mǎi)或銷(xiāo)售業(yè)務(wù)但對(duì)私營(yíng)貿(mào)易制訂章則法令的購(gòu)銷(xiāo)活動(dòng),應(yīng)受本協(xié)定有關(guān)條款的限制。
    本條規(guī)定不排除國(guó)營(yíng)企業(yè)在不同市場(chǎng)內(nèi)以不同價(jià)格出售商品,但是訂定不同的價(jià)格,應(yīng)是根據(jù)商業(yè)上的原因,適應(yīng)出口市場(chǎng)上的供求情況。
    第1款(甲)項(xiàng)
    政府為保證質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和對(duì)外貿(mào)易業(yè)務(wù)效率而實(shí)施的措施,或?yàn)殚_(kāi)發(fā)國(guó)家自然資源授予的特權(quán)(但對(duì)有關(guān)企業(yè)的貿(mào)易活動(dòng)政府無(wú)權(quán)加以管理),都不構(gòu)成本條所稱(chēng)的"獨(dú)占權(quán)或特權(quán)"。
    第1款(乙)項(xiàng)
    接受某項(xiàng)"附有條件的貸款"的國(guó)家,在國(guó)外采購(gòu)所需物品時(shí),可以把這種貸款作為一種"商業(yè)上的考慮"加以考慮。
    第2款
    所用"商品"一詞,限于商業(yè)習(xí)慣中所稱(chēng)的產(chǎn)品,而不包括購(gòu)買(mǎi)或出售勞務(wù)。
    第3款
    締約各國(guó)同意按本款進(jìn)行的談判,可以謀求降低進(jìn)出口關(guān)稅和其它費(fèi)用,或締結(jié)符合本協(xié)定規(guī)定的相互滿意的其它協(xié)定(參閱第二條第4款及其注釋?zhuān)?
    第4款(乙)項(xiàng)
    本款所用的"進(jìn)口加價(jià)"應(yīng)指進(jìn)口壟斷對(duì)進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品所訂的價(jià)格(不包括第三條范圍的內(nèi)地稅、運(yùn)輸、分配和其它有關(guān)購(gòu)買(mǎi)、銷(xiāo)售或進(jìn)一步加工的費(fèi)用,以及合理的盈利)與進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品的到岸價(jià)格之間的差額。
    關(guān)于第十八條
    締約國(guó)全體和有關(guān)締約國(guó)對(duì)在本條規(guī)定范圍內(nèi)發(fā)生的問(wèn)題,應(yīng)嚴(yán)守機(jī)密。
    第1款和第4款
    1.在考慮一締約國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)是否"只能維持低生活水平"時(shí),締約國(guó)全體應(yīng)考慮這一締約國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的正常狀態(tài),而不應(yīng)以這一締約國(guó)的某項(xiàng)或某幾項(xiàng)主要出口產(chǎn)品暫時(shí)存在著特別有利條件的特殊情況作為判斷的基礎(chǔ)。
    2.所用"處在發(fā)展初期階段"一詞,不僅適用于經(jīng)濟(jì)剛開(kāi)始發(fā)展的締約各國(guó),也適用于經(jīng)濟(jì)正在經(jīng)歷工業(yè)化的過(guò)程,以改正過(guò)份依靠初級(jí)產(chǎn)品的締約各國(guó)。
    第2款、第3款、第7款、第13款和第22款
    所述建立某特定工業(yè),不僅適用于建立一項(xiàng)新的工業(yè),也包括在現(xiàn)有工業(yè)中建設(shè)一項(xiàng)新的分支生產(chǎn)部門(mén)以及對(duì)現(xiàn)有工業(yè)進(jìn)行重大改建,和對(duì)只能少量供應(yīng)國(guó)內(nèi)需要的現(xiàn)有工業(yè)進(jìn)行重大擴(kuò)建,并應(yīng)包括因戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)或自然災(zāi)害而遭到破壞或重大損壞的工業(yè)的重建。
    第7款(乙)項(xiàng)
    第7款(甲)項(xiàng)所述的申請(qǐng)締約國(guó)以外的一締約國(guó)按照第7款(乙)項(xiàng)提出某項(xiàng)修改或撤銷(xiāo)時(shí),這項(xiàng)修改或撤銷(xiāo)應(yīng)于申請(qǐng)締約國(guó)采取行動(dòng)6個(gè)月內(nèi)提出,并應(yīng)自締約國(guó)全體接到這項(xiàng)修改或撤銷(xiāo)通知之日后第三十日起生效。
    第11款
    第11款中的第二句,不應(yīng)解釋為一締約國(guó)必須放寬或撤除一項(xiàng)限制,如果放寬或撤除這項(xiàng)限制就因此有必要分別加強(qiáng)或建立第十八條第9款規(guī)定的限制。
    第12款(乙)項(xiàng)
    第12款(乙)項(xiàng)中所述日期,應(yīng)為締約國(guó)全體按照本協(xié)定第十二條第4款(乙)項(xiàng)所決定的日期。
    第13款和第14款
    應(yīng)當(dāng)承認(rèn),在決定采取某項(xiàng)措施和按照第14款的規(guī)定通知締約國(guó)全體以前,締約國(guó)可能需要一個(gè)相當(dāng)期間來(lái)估計(jì)有關(guān)工業(yè)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)狀況。
    第15款和第16款
    這應(yīng)理解為,如果一締約國(guó)的貿(mào)易因另一締約國(guó)按本條第三節(jié)采取的措施而受到明顯影響時(shí),經(jīng)這一締約國(guó)向締約國(guó)全體提出要求后,締約國(guó)全體應(yīng)邀請(qǐng)擬采取這項(xiàng)措施的締約國(guó),按照第16款與它們進(jìn)行協(xié)商。
    第16款,第18款,第19款和第22款這應(yīng)理解為,締約國(guó)全體可為在特定的條件下或特定的界限內(nèi)同意所擬實(shí)施的某項(xiàng)措施。如果擬實(shí)施的措施不符合締約國(guó)全體所同意的條件,在不符合的程度內(nèi)應(yīng)視為未經(jīng)締約國(guó)全體同意。如締約國(guó)全體同意在某一特定時(shí)期內(nèi)實(shí)施某項(xiàng)措施,但有關(guān)締約國(guó)認(rèn)為需要在更長(zhǎng)時(shí)期內(nèi)維持這項(xiàng)措施以完成原定的目的,則有關(guān)締約國(guó)可以按照第三節(jié)或第四節(jié)的規(guī)定和程序,向締約國(guó)全體申請(qǐng)延長(zhǎng)這一時(shí)期。
    可以這樣期望:凡對(duì)一締約國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)所依賴(lài)的出口商品可能產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重?fù)p害的措施,締約國(guó)全體一般來(lái)說(shuō)不會(huì)予以同意。
    第18款和第22款
    所用"對(duì)其它締約國(guó)的利益已經(jīng)給予適當(dāng)?shù)谋Wo(hù)"一句,系指提供了充分的自由,允許在每一種情況下能考慮用最適當(dāng)?shù)姆椒▉?lái)保護(hù)這些利益。所述適當(dāng)方法可采取多種不同的形式,如由引用第三節(jié)和第四節(jié)規(guī)定的締約國(guó),在它背離本協(xié)定的其它條款的期間內(nèi),提供新的減讓?zhuān)蛘哂傻?8款所稱(chēng)的任何其它締約國(guó),實(shí)施某項(xiàng)與采取的有關(guān)措施所造成的損害大體相當(dāng)?shù)臏p讓。這一其它締約國(guó)應(yīng)有權(quán)通過(guò)暫停實(shí)施減讓的辦法來(lái)保護(hù)它的利益;
    但是,當(dāng)一締約國(guó)采取的措施是在第4款(甲)項(xiàng)范圍以內(nèi),而締約國(guó)全體對(duì)所提的補(bǔ)償性減讓又認(rèn)為適當(dāng)時(shí),這一其它締約國(guó)不應(yīng)行使這項(xiàng)權(quán)利。
    第19款
    第19款的規(guī)定,系用來(lái)適用于某一工業(yè)的存在已經(jīng)超出第13款和第14款注釋所述"相當(dāng)期間"的那種情況,而且,即使某項(xiàng)新建工業(yè)已經(jīng)從國(guó)際收支所實(shí)施的進(jìn)口限制中得到附帶的保護(hù),但不能因此將第十九條的規(guī)定解釋為可以對(duì)第十八條第4款(甲)項(xiàng)范圍內(nèi)的締約國(guó)剝奪它引用第三節(jié)內(nèi)其它條款(包括第10款在內(nèi))的權(quán)利。
    第21款
    按第17款實(shí)施的措施如已撤銷(xiāo),或者如締約國(guó)全體于第17款規(guī)定的90日期限屆滿后,同意提議的措施,則按第21款而采取的任何措施,應(yīng)即撤銷(xiāo)。
    關(guān)于第二十條
    第(辛)項(xiàng)
    本項(xiàng)所規(guī)定的例外條款,適用于與1947年3月28日經(jīng)社理事會(huì)30(IV)號(hào)決議通過(guò)的原則相符的任何商品協(xié)定。
    關(guān)于第二十四條
    第9款
    當(dāng)然,第一條的規(guī)定要求:當(dāng)某一產(chǎn)品按優(yōu)惠稅率向關(guān)稅聯(lián)盟或自由貿(mào)易區(qū)的某一成員國(guó)領(lǐng)土進(jìn)口以后,又復(fù)出口到這一聯(lián)盟或貿(mào)易區(qū)的另一成員國(guó)領(lǐng)土,后一成員國(guó)對(duì)此征收的關(guān)稅,只應(yīng)相當(dāng)于已經(jīng)付出的關(guān)稅和這一產(chǎn)品如直接輸至這一領(lǐng)土應(yīng)付的較高關(guān)稅之間的差額。
    第11款
    印度和巴基斯坦為執(zhí)行某一達(dá)成協(xié)議的具體貿(mào)易安排而采取的措施,可能背離本協(xié)定的某項(xiàng)規(guī)定,但這些措施一般應(yīng)與本協(xié)定規(guī)定的目的相符。
    關(guān)于第二十八條
    締約國(guó)全體和每一個(gè)有關(guān)締約國(guó)在安排談判和協(xié)商時(shí),應(yīng)盡可能保密,以免過(guò)早泄露所擬改變稅率的細(xì)節(jié)。按照這項(xiàng)規(guī)定改變的各國(guó)稅率,應(yīng)即通知締約國(guó)全體。
    第1款
    1.如果締約國(guó)全體規(guī)定一個(gè)不是以三年為一期的期限,則在這一期限屆滿后的第一日,締約國(guó)可以按第二十八條第1款和第3款的規(guī)定辦理,而且,除非締約國(guó)全體又規(guī)定另一個(gè)期限,隨后的期限,在規(guī)定的期限屆滿以后,應(yīng)是三年為一期的期限。
    2.一締約國(guó)于1958年1月1日和按照第1款規(guī)定的其它日期"可以修改或撤銷(xiāo)……某項(xiàng)減讓"的規(guī)定,系指在這一日和在這個(gè)期限屆滿后的第一日,這一締約國(guó)按第二條所承擔(dān)的法律義務(wù)已經(jīng)改變;
    但這并不意味著它的關(guān)稅的改變必須于這一日生效。如果按本款進(jìn)行的談判所達(dá)成的稅率改變有所延遲,則補(bǔ)償性減讓的生效日期也可以同樣延遲。
    3.在1958年1月1日以前最早不超過(guò)6個(gè)月,最遲不少于3個(gè)月的一段期間內(nèi),或在隨后的任一期限滿期以前,如某締約國(guó)希望修改或撤銷(xiāo)有關(guān)減讓表中的任何減讓?zhuān)鼞?yīng)將這一情況通知締約國(guó)全體。締約國(guó)全體應(yīng)即確定那個(gè)締約國(guó)或那些締約國(guó)應(yīng)與它進(jìn)行第一款規(guī)定的談判或協(xié)商。被確定的任一締約國(guó),應(yīng)與申請(qǐng)締約國(guó)進(jìn)行談判或協(xié)商,以期在這一期限終結(jié)以前能達(dá)成協(xié)議。任何延長(zhǎng)減讓表的有效期限,應(yīng)視為按照第二十八條第1款、第2款、第3款各款規(guī)定通過(guò)談判修改減讓表。如果締約國(guó)全體安排于1958年1月1日以前或按照第1款規(guī)定的任何其它日期以前的6個(gè)月期間內(nèi)舉行多邊關(guān)稅談判,則締約國(guó)全體在為這一談判準(zhǔn)備的安排中,應(yīng)包括有為進(jìn)行本款所述談判的適當(dāng)程序。
    4.除與原議定減讓的締約國(guó)進(jìn)行談判以外,又規(guī)定在供應(yīng)上具有主要利害關(guān)系的締約國(guó)參與談判的目的是:凡與原擬定減讓的締約國(guó)相比,在受到減讓的影響的貿(mào)易中占有較大的份額的締約國(guó),應(yīng)保證其有充分的機(jī)會(huì)來(lái)保護(hù)它根據(jù)本協(xié)定所享有的契約權(quán)利。而在另一方面,也無(wú)意使談判的范圍擴(kuò)大到這種程度,以致按第二十八條進(jìn)行談判和達(dá)成協(xié)議出現(xiàn)不適當(dāng)?shù)睦щy,或使今后實(shí)施本條對(duì)由談判達(dá)成的減讓過(guò)于復(fù)雜。因此,只有當(dāng)一締約國(guó)與原議定減讓的締約國(guó)相比,在談判前的一段相當(dāng)時(shí)期內(nèi),在申請(qǐng)締約國(guó)的市場(chǎng)上已經(jīng)占有較大的份額,或者當(dāng)申請(qǐng)締約國(guó)不維持歧視性數(shù)量限制的情況下,根據(jù)締約國(guó)全體的判斷,將占有這樣一個(gè)較大份額的情況下,締約國(guó)全體才可以決定這一締約國(guó)為在供應(yīng)上具有主要利害關(guān)系的締約國(guó)。所以,締約國(guó)全體決定一個(gè)以上的締約國(guó),或者當(dāng)存在著某些近乎相等的特殊情況下,決定兩個(gè)以上的締約國(guó),在供應(yīng)上具有主要利害關(guān)系是不恰當(dāng)?shù)摹?
    5.雖有第1款注釋4對(duì)于在供應(yīng)上具有主要利害關(guān)系的規(guī)定,但如有關(guān)減讓影響了某締約國(guó)全部出口貿(mào)易的大部分,則締約國(guó)全體可以特別決定,這一締約國(guó)應(yīng)為在供應(yīng)上具有主要利害關(guān)系的締約國(guó)。
    6.規(guī)定在供應(yīng)上具有主要利害關(guān)系的締約國(guó)參與談判,以及規(guī)定與申請(qǐng)締約國(guó)所擬加以修改或撤銷(xiāo)的減讓具有實(shí)質(zhì)利害關(guān)系的締約國(guó)進(jìn)行協(xié)商,這并不意味著所應(yīng)給予的補(bǔ)償或承擔(dān)對(duì)方報(bào)復(fù)措施所遭受的損失,從擬撤銷(xiāo)或修改減讓的貿(mào)易狀況來(lái)判斷,并將申請(qǐng)締約國(guó)所維持的歧視性數(shù)量限制考慮在內(nèi),應(yīng)當(dāng)高于所擬加以撤銷(xiāo)或修改的減讓。
    7.所用"實(shí)質(zhì)利害關(guān)?quot;一詞的含義范圍不可能加以精確規(guī)定,因此,對(duì)締約國(guó)全體可能引起某些困難。但是,它的原意應(yīng)解釋為只適用于在擬修正和撤銷(xiāo)減讓的締約國(guó)的市場(chǎng)內(nèi)占有,或者在沒(méi)有歧視性數(shù)量限制影響它們出口的情況下,可以合理地預(yù)計(jì)在這一市場(chǎng)內(nèi)占有重要份額的那些締約國(guó)。
    第4款
    1.任何要求準(zhǔn)予進(jìn)行談判的申請(qǐng),應(yīng)當(dāng)隨附所有有關(guān)統(tǒng)計(jì)和其它資料。對(duì)于這項(xiàng)申請(qǐng),應(yīng)于提出申請(qǐng)之日起30日內(nèi)作出決定。
    2.應(yīng)當(dāng)承認(rèn),對(duì)某些主要依靠少數(shù)初級(jí)商品和依靠關(guān)稅作為促進(jìn)其經(jīng)濟(jì)多樣化的重要手段或當(dāng)作稅收重要來(lái)源的締約國(guó),只允許它們根據(jù)第二十八條第1款的規(guī)定進(jìn)行正常的談判來(lái)修改或撤銷(xiāo)減讓?zhuān)赡苁惯@些締約國(guó)在當(dāng)時(shí)對(duì)減讓作出某些從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)看證明是沒(méi)有必要的修改或撤銷(xiāo)。為了避免這種情況的發(fā)生,締約國(guó)全體應(yīng)當(dāng)準(zhǔn)許任何這樣的締約國(guó),按照第4款規(guī)定進(jìn)行談判,除非締約國(guó)全體認(rèn)為這將造成或?qū)嶋H上導(dǎo)致關(guān)稅水平增加,威脅到本協(xié)定減讓表的穩(wěn)定并給國(guó)際貿(mào)易帶來(lái)不適當(dāng)?shù)奈蓙y。
    3.按第4款準(zhǔn)許的為修改或撤銷(xiāo)單項(xiàng)或少數(shù)項(xiàng)目而進(jìn)行的談判,一般預(yù)計(jì)能在60日內(nèi)獲得成果。但應(yīng)當(dāng)承認(rèn),這一期間對(duì)修改或撤銷(xiāo)較多項(xiàng)目的談判是不適宜的。在這種情況下,締約國(guó)全體應(yīng)規(guī)定一個(gè)較長(zhǎng)期間。
    4.除非申請(qǐng)締約國(guó)同意一個(gè)更長(zhǎng)的期間以外,締約國(guó)全體對(duì)第4款(丁)項(xiàng)中所稱(chēng)的決定應(yīng)于有關(guān)問(wèn)題向它提出后的30日內(nèi)作出。
    5.在按照第4款(丁)項(xiàng)決定申請(qǐng)締約國(guó)是否無(wú)理不提供適當(dāng)補(bǔ)償時(shí),應(yīng)理解為:締約國(guó)全體將適當(dāng)考慮一締約國(guó)已經(jīng)承擔(dān)義務(wù),把大部分關(guān)稅固定在很低的水平上,因而與其它締約國(guó)相比,作出補(bǔ)充調(diào)整的余地就較小這樣一種特殊情況。
    關(guān)于第二十八條附加
    第3款
    當(dāng)然,所述財(cái)政上的需要,應(yīng)當(dāng)包括關(guān)稅的財(cái)政收入方面,特別應(yīng)當(dāng)包括以財(cái)政收入為主要目的所征的關(guān)稅,或?qū)?yīng)征財(cái)政關(guān)稅的物品的代用品為防止逃稅而征收的關(guān)稅。
    關(guān)于第二十九條
    第1款
    第1款內(nèi)未列入哈瓦那憲章的第七章和第八章,因這兩章一般是處理國(guó)際貿(mào)易組織的機(jī)構(gòu)、職權(quán)和程序。
    關(guān)于第四部分
    第四部分所用的"發(fā)達(dá)的締約各國(guó)"和"發(fā)展中的締約各國(guó)"應(yīng)當(dāng)理解為參加關(guān)稅及貿(mào)易總協(xié)定為成員國(guó)的發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家和發(fā)展中國(guó)家。
    關(guān)于第三十六條
    第1款
    本款按第一條規(guī)定的目的擬定,如將來(lái)《修改第一部分以及第二十九條和第三十條的議定書(shū)》①生效時(shí),本條將按議定書(shū)第1款第一節(jié)予以修改。
    ①這一議定書(shū)已于1968年1月1日放棄。
    第4款
    所稱(chēng)"初級(jí)產(chǎn)品"包括農(nóng)產(chǎn)品在內(nèi),參閱關(guān)于第十六條第二節(jié)第2款注釋。
    第5款
    多樣化的計(jì)劃在考慮某締約國(guó)的現(xiàn)狀和不同商品的世界生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)的前景的同時(shí),一般要包括提高初級(jí)產(chǎn)品的加工程度和發(fā)展制造工業(yè)。
    第8款
    按本條規(guī)定的目的"<不能希望得到互惠"一詞自應(yīng)理解為:不應(yīng)當(dāng)期望發(fā)展中的締約各國(guó)貿(mào)易談判過(guò)程中作出與它們各自的發(fā)展、財(cái)政和貿(mào)易方面的需要相抵觸的貢獻(xiàn),但對(duì)過(guò)去的貿(mào)易發(fā)展情況應(yīng)予考慮。
    凡按照第十八條第一節(jié)、第二十八條、第二十八條附加(第二十九條,當(dāng)《修改第一部分以及第二十九條和第三十條的議定書(shū)》①的第1款第一節(jié)所列修正條款生效以后)、第三十三條或本協(xié)定規(guī)定的任何其它程序而采取行動(dòng)時(shí),本款的規(guī)定應(yīng)予適用。
    關(guān)于第三十七條
    第1款(甲)
    對(duì)按第二十八條、第二十八條附加(第二十九條,當(dāng)《修改第一部分以及第二十九條和第三十條的議定書(shū)》①的第1款第一節(jié)所列修正條款生效以后)和第三十三條為降低或撤除關(guān)稅或其它貿(mào)易限制條例所進(jìn)行的談判中,以及有關(guān)為貫徹締約各國(guó)可能承擔(dān)的這種降低或撤除而采取的其它行動(dòng),本款的規(guī)定應(yīng)予適用。
    ①這一議定書(shū)已于1968年1月1日放棄。
    第3款(乙)項(xiàng)
    本款所指的其它措施,可以包括為促進(jìn)國(guó)內(nèi)結(jié)構(gòu)的改變,鼓勵(lì)某些產(chǎn)品的消費(fèi),或?qū)嵤┬碌馁Q(mào)易促進(jìn)辦法等而采取的步驟。

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